Major Project Report

1. Introduction
This report documents the complete lifecycle of the smart double-story residential building project. It covers
the design process using Autodesk Revit, detailed structural analysis (performed with STAAD.Pro),
comprehensive quantity and cost estimation, and the integration of IoT technologies for enhanced building
performance. The report is intended to demonstrate a holistic approach that combines advanced BIM
practices, manual and software-based structural analysis, and smart system integration.

2. Project Overview
2.1 Project Description

• Type: Smart double-story residential building

• Location: Saharsa, Bihar
• Scope: Design, analysis, and construction planning for a building that integrates modern
construction techniques with IoT-based smart features.

2.2 Objectives

• Develop an accurate and coordinated 3D BIM model in Revit.

• Perform interference checks, cleaning, and proper categorization of all building elements.
• Export the model for structural analysis in STAAD.Pro and validate design parameters.
• Prepare detailed schedules for quantity estimation and costing
• Integrate IoT devices to enable real-time monitoring and smart building operations.
• Ensure the design complies with relevant codes (e.g., IS 456) and local market practices.

3. Design Methodology
3.1 BIM Model Development in Revit

• Model Creation:
o A detailed 3D model is developed in Revit, incorporating all architectural and
structural elements
o Each element is modeled with correct dimensions, levels, and material assignments.
• Coordination and Cleaning:
o Interference checks are performed to ensure that all elements (beams, columns,
walls, windows, doors) are properly coordinated.
 o The “Purge Unused” command is used to remove unnecessary families and
materials, resulting in a lean, efficient model.
• View and Workset Organization:
o Dedicated structural plans, sections, and 3D views are created to isolate load-bearing
components.
o Worksets and view filters help segregate structural elements from non-structural
details.

3.2 IoT Integration in Building Design

• Smart Building Strategy:

o IoT sensors (for automation and security) are planned for strategic locations to
monitor building performance.
o The BIM model includes placeholders for IoT devices and network cabling, ensuring
seamless coordination between physical infrastructure and digital systems.

4. Structural Analysis Using STAAD.Pro

4.1 Revit to STAAD.Pro Workflow

• Exporting the Model:

o The Revit model is exported in a compatible format (IFC or DWG) to preserve
geometry and material data.
• Import into STAAD.Pro:
o The exported file is imported into STAAD.Pro where all structural elements (beams,
columns, slabs) are verified for proper connectivity and integrity.

4.2 STAAD.Pro Analysis Process

• Property Assignment:
o Materials (concrete, steel, etc.) and cross-sectional properties are defined for each
member.
• Load and Support Definition:
o Support conditions are applied (fixed, pinned, roller), and load cases are defined
(dead, live, wind, seismic) with appropriate load combinations.
• Analysis Execution:
o The model is analyzed to determine nodal displacements, reaction forces, member
shear forces, bending moments, and deflections.
• Validation:
o Key results are cross-verified with manual calculations (using equilibrium equations,
SFD, BMD, and deflection formulas).
o Any discrepancies lead to iterative refinements in both the Revit model and
STAAD.Pro settings.

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5. Quantity and Cost Estimation
5.1 Quantity Takeoff

• Schedules in Revit:
o Detailed schedules are generated for walls, windows, doors columns, wall,
staircases, structural framework, structural foundation etc.
o Necessary parameters are extracted for proper scheduling.
• Exporting Data:
o Schedules are exported to CSV/Excel for further analysis and consolidation into a
comprehensive Bill of Quantities (BOQ).

5.2 Cost Estimation

• Wall Estimation:
o Wall volumes/areas are multiplied by standard construction rates (e.g., ₹4,000–
₹6,000 per m³ for brick walls).
o Additional finishing costs (plastering, painting) are calculated per square meter.
• Window Estimation:
o Window sizes (e.g., 1360 mm × 1210 mm and 190 mm × 1210 mm) are converted to
square footage.
o Costs for various frame types (aluminum vs. uPVC) are applied on a per square foot
basis.
o Schedules include calculated fields for unit cost and grand total cost.
• Door Estimation:
o Door sizes (e.g., 1810×2110 mm, 910×2110 mm, 1010×2110 mm, and 810×2110
mm) are listed.
o For wooden doors, cost per square foot is applied (e.g., ~₹300 per sq ft), leading to
unit cost estimates (e.g., ~₹5,523 per 810 mm × 2110 mm door).
• Column Estimation:
o Columns are scheduled with parameters such as height, cross-sectional area, and
volume.
o Concrete and reinforcement costs are applied based on local market rates.
• BOQ Consolidation:
o The final BOQ aggregates all material and labor costs, ensuring a comprehensive
cost estimation for the project.

6. IoT System Integration

6.1 System Components

• Sensors:
o Environmental sensors for temperature, humidity, and air quality.
o Occupancy sensors for automated lighting and HVAC control.
o Security sensors including motion detectors and smart locks.

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 • Communication Network:
o A mix of wired (Ethernet) and wireless (Wi-Fi, Zigbee) solutions connect sensors to a
centralized data hub.
• Data Management:
o Cloud-based platforms aggregate sensor data for real-time monitoring, analysis, and
predictive maintenance.
• User Interface:
o Mobile and web applications provide users with real-time alerts, energy usage
statistics, and remote control of building systems.

6.2 Integration with the Building Design

• BIM Coordination:
o The Revit model includes sensor locations, cable routes, and network access points.
o Detailed network diagrams ensure proper integration between the physical
infrastructure and the IoT system.
• Operational Advantages:
o Enhanced energy management through automated HVAC and lighting control.
o Improved security and safety via real-time monitoring and alert systems.
o Predictive maintenance capabilities that reduce downtime and extend the life of
building components.

7. Final Design, Analysis, and Recommendations

7.1 Design Verification and Safety

• Structural Analysis:
o Both manual calculations and STAAD.Pro analysis have been used to validate
design parameters such as beam bending moments, column loads, and overall frame
stability.
• Code Compliance:
o The design complies with relevant standards (e.g., IS 456 for concrete, IS 800 for
steel).
• Coordination:
o Thorough interference and clash checks ensure a coordinated model with no
overlapping elements.

7.2 Recommendations for Implementation

• Software Integration:
o Finalize the structural analysis in STAAD.Pro to further verify design integrity.
• Local Market Validation:
o Obtain current material and labor rates from local suppliers in Saharsa for precise
cost estimation.
• IoT System Testing:

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 o Prototype and test the IoT system in a controlled environment before full-scale
implementation.
• Documentation and Future Updates:
o Maintain comprehensive documentation of all design iterations, calculation sheets,
and schedule data.
o Consider integrating advanced BIM-based cost estimation and IoT monitoring tools
for continuous improvements.