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Control System

A control system is a set of devices that regulate and manage other systems using control loops, which consist of an input, a controller, and an output. There are two types of control loops: open-loop systems, which do not measure variables, and closed-loop systems, which use feedback from sensors to adjust outputs to meet a desired setpoint. An example of a closed-loop system is maintaining a car's speed, where the driver adjusts the gas pedal based on speedometer readings to stay within speed limits.

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4 views

Control System

A control system is a set of devices that regulate and manage other systems using control loops, which consist of an input, a controller, and an output. There are two types of control loops: open-loop systems, which do not measure variables, and closed-loop systems, which use feedback from sensors to adjust outputs to meet a desired setpoint. An example of a closed-loop system is maintaining a car's speed, where the driver adjusts the gas pedal based on speedometer readings to stay within speed limits.

Uploaded by

Saiakshatha S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a control system?

✍️✍️✍️

A control system is a set of mechanical and/or electronic devices


which regulate, manage, and command other devices or systems using
control loops.

✅A control loop consists of all the physical components and control


functions needed to adjust or maintain the value of a measured process
variable (PV) to your desired value, or setpoint (SP). To do this, your
loop needs at least three basic elements – an input, a controller, and an
output.

👉There are two types of control loops: open and closed.

✅Open-loop system
As the simplest type of control loop, an open-loop system doesn’t
measure variables or send output values to the controller.

✅Closed-loop system
Now that we know how an open-loop control system works, we’ll
move on to the closed-loop system. The main difference between the
two systems is feedback.

In the closed-loop system, you have a sensor to constantly monitor


your output. This sensor feeds data back to the controller. With this
data, the controller compares the output with your setpoint. If this
comparison doesn’t match, the controller analyzes this error, using one
of the control methods. Then it sends a signal to an actuator to change
your process value and bring it closer to your setpoint.

If you drive, then you’ve used this system. Imagine you want to go
from point A to point B as fast as the law allows. There is a 60 mile-
per-hour speed limit on your route, so you want to maintain the speed
of the car at 60.
Here, your eyes (the sensor) monitor the car’s velocity on the
speedometer (the output). If you haven’t reached your setpoint, your
brain (the controller) will tell you to press the gas pedal (the final
control element) further down with your foot (the actuator). When you
reach 60, you’ll set your foot in a position to maintain that speed.

It all works out great if you encounter no disturbances, such as a hill. If


you go up a hill, your speed will decrease unless you change the
position of your foot.

As soon as your speed decreases, your brain analyzes this error and
adjusts your foot. However, if you crest the hill without readjusting
your foot, you may wind up speeding, which is also an error. You then
monitor your speed and adjust yet again. This process repeats itself
every time you have a disturbance in your system.
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