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5TC4-Chapter 13- Group 10

The document explores the intricate relationships between language, cognition, and culture, highlighting how language influences perception and behavior. It discusses theories such as Whorf and Sapir's linguistic determinism, the impact of linguistic categories on cultural understanding, and the consequences of language loss on cultural identity. Additionally, it examines how language reflects social class and the potential for miscommunication when different cultures interact.

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17-Sabrina Nurul Hikma
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53 views20 pages

5TC4-Chapter 13- Group 10

The document explores the intricate relationships between language, cognition, and culture, highlighting how language influences perception and behavior. It discusses theories such as Whorf and Sapir's linguistic determinism, the impact of linguistic categories on cultural understanding, and the consequences of language loss on cultural identity. Additionally, it examines how language reflects social class and the potential for miscommunication when different cultures interact.

Uploaded by

17-Sabrina Nurul Hikma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND

CULTURE
By Group 10:
1. Sabrina Nurul Hikmah (E1D021125)
2. Ririn Mawarni (E1D021249)
Table of Contents
01 Language and Perception

02 Whorf & Sapir Theory

03 Linguistic Categories and Culture

04 Discourse Patterns and Culture

05 Language, Social Class and Cognition


1. LANGUAGE
a system of communication consisting of sounds, words,
and grammar, or the system of commmunication used by
people in a particular country or type of work

2. COGNITION
DEFINITIONS the use of conscious mental processes

3. CULTURE
the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefe, of
a particular group of people at particular time
LANGUAGE AND
PERCEPTION
language may determine what people notice,
what categories they establish, what choice
they believe are available and, consequently,
the way they behave. in other words,
language may strongly influence percepton
and behaviour
note these:
1. “it has been said that...”
2. “surgery is indicated” instead of “doctor thinks people need surgery
when....” or “i think that...”
3. Hysteroctomy is described as the treatment of choice
A term used by Debora Cameron
It covers a wide range of activities from writing
letters of complain over the abuse of language to
to prescribing to prescribing what is regarded as
acceptable, correct and proper in different
VERBAL contests. It also covers how language con be used as
a political weapon.
HYGIENE
Non-sexist language is an example of verbal
hygiene.
1. chairman 1. chairperson
2. fisherman 2. fisher
3. policeman 3. police officer
WHORF & SAPIR THEORY
1. Vocabulary and cognition

2. Linguistic Determinism

3. Grammar Cognition
1. Vocabulary and cognition

Particular words selected to describe or


label objects often determined people’s
perception and behaviour
1. Vocabulary and cognition

The way we think and talk about the world


depends on the language we learn and use.
It shapes how we understand things around
us.

a girl pushes a boy


2. L inguistic Determinism

This section refers means that language doesn't just


show or describe reality, but it also shapes it. The
phrase "the medium is the massage," from Marshall
McLuhan, explains that the tools we use to
communicate, like language, change how we think
and interact with the world. In simple words, language
is not just a way to talk to others—it also influences
how we experience and understand things in our
minds.
3. Grammar Cognition

Grammar and cognition are closely connected because the


way we use grammar reflects how our mind organizes and
processes thoughts. Cognition refers to mental processes like
thinking, understanding, and remembering. Grammar is the set
of rules in a language that helps us structure sentences, making
our thoughts clear to others.
For example: the use of tenses in English and adverb of time in Indonesia.
In English, we change the verb to show when something happens, like in the past,
present, or future.
In Indonesian, we use adverbs of time like (yesterday), (tomorrow), and(now) to
tell when something happens, without changing the verb.
Linguistic Categories &
Culture
Language provides a means of encoding a
community’s knowledge, beliefs and values, i.e. its
culture. Tahitians don’t make a distinction between
‘sadness’ and ‘sickness’, for instance, using the same
word for both. This accurately represents their belief
that ‘sadness/sickness’ can be attributed to an attack
by evil spirits, a belief that may initially seem odd to
someone from Western culture.
LINGUISTIC CATEGORIES
& CULTURE

However, Western medical practice now recognizes


depression as an illness, and English uses many
metaphorical terms for depression which no doubt
appear just as strange to those from other cultures.

Example: feeling blue , in low spirits , feeling down ,


under the weather , and so on.
The Cost of Language
Lost
The Arnhem and Aboriginal people name the
spangled grunter fish with the same word as
the native white apple tree because the fish
eats the fruit as it falls into the creek or water
hole. So if you want to find the fish you know
where to look. Another tribe names grubs,
important sources of food, after the bushes
where you can find them. As the languages
disappear, the information is harder to retain,
and it gradually disappears too.
THE COST OF
LANGUAGE LOST
Language and culture are clearly closely related,
as the discussion has indicated. These are
crucial symbols of identity and the loss of a
language and the related erosion of cultural
identity is often devastating. People whose
language has been swamped by another often
lose confidence in their abilities and develop
poor self-esteem.
The consequences: When a language dies, unique
worldviews and cultural practices tied to that language
may also vanish, leading to a loss of cultural heritage.
Discourse Patterns
and Culture
LANGUAGE, SOCIAL AND
CLASS COGITION
Bernstein’s hypotheses forced sociolinguists to
examine Whorf’s claims about the relationship
between language, thought and society really
thoroughly. One of the benefits was a more
detailed study of vernacular varieties, and a very
clear recognition that dialect differences were
comparatively superficial aspects of language
which could not conceivably have consequences
for different ways of thinking.
LANGUAGE, SOCIAL
AND CLASS COGITION

Whether you use a single or multiple negative construction,


whether you mark past tense explicitly or not, which pronoun
you use in the phrase between you and I/me – these are
certainly not linguistic differences which can support an
argument about cognitive deficiency. They are relatively
superficial examples of language variation with no possible
serious cognitive consequences.
CONCLUSION

Languages develop the vocabulary that their speakers need, whether to label
different kinds of kangaroo or to identify different ways of cooking rice.
Important, frequently occurring distinctions tend to get incorporated into the
grammar. The language and discourse patterns associated with a particular
culture may not only represent existing social relationships, they may also
influence the way one group interacts with another, as the Robyn Kina case
illustrated.

When different cultures meet, conflicting discourse rules can result


in miscommunication with potentially severe social consequences.
This chapter has identified some of the complex ways in which
linguistic systems and specific ways of using language can provide
insights into the perceptions, values and beliefs of a community.
THANK YOU!
HAVE A NICE DAY!

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