OM TUTORIALS

Class-XI Maths Total Marks : 121

Set Theory DOG(Daily Overall Growth)

SECTION A

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [31]

1. How many elements has P(A), if A = f ?

(A) Two (B) One (C) Three (D) Zero.
Ans. :
b. One
2. Let n(A) = 28,n(A ∩ B) =8, n(A∪B) =52, then n(A ∩ B′):
(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 20 (D) none of these
Ans. :
c. 20
Solution:
Given n(A) = 28, n(A ∩ B) = 8.
We have A ∩ B′ = A - A ∩ B.
This give n(A ∩ B′) = n(A) -n(A ∩ B)
or, n(A ∩ B′) = 28 - 8 = 20.
3. Which one is different from the others?
i. Empty
ii. Void
iii. Zero
iv. Null
(A) (i) (B) (ii) (C) (iii) (D) (iv)
Ans. :
d. (iv)
4. The set of all those elements of A and B which are common to both is called:
(A) Union of two sets (B) Intersection of two sets
(C) Disjoint sets (D) None of these
Ans. :
b. Intersection of two sets

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 Solution:
The set of all those elements of A and B which are common to both is called A
intersection B = A ∩ B.
5. If A and B are two disjoint sets, then n(A ∪ B) is equal to:
(A) n(A) + n(B) (B) n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)
(C) n(A) + n(B) + n(A ∩ B) (D) n(A) n(B).
Ans. :
a. n(A) + n(B).

Solution:
Two sets are disjoint if they do not have a common element in them, i.e.,
A ∩ B = ϕ.

∴ n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B).

6. IF R = {(2, 1), (4, 3), (4, 5)}, then range of the function is?
(A) Range R = {2, 4} (B) Range R = {1, 3, (C) Range R = {2, 3, (D) Range R {1, 1, 4,
5} 4, 5} 5}
Ans. :
b. Range R = {1, 3, 5}
Solution:
Given R = {(2, 1), (4, 3), (4, 5)}
then Range (R) = {1, 3, 5}
7. If A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, then A - B =____________:
(A) {} (B) {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
(C) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} (D) None
Ans. :
b. {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Solution:
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A - B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} - {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
8. The cardinality of the set P(P(P(f))) is.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
Ans. :
d. 4
9. The set ′ ′
(A ∪ B ) ∪ B ∩ C is equal to:
(A) A ′
∪ B∪ C (B) A ′
∪ B (C) A ′ ′
∪ C (D) A ′
∩ B.

Ans. :
b. ′
A ∪ B.

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 Solution:
′ ′
(A ∪ B ) ∪ (B ∩ C)

′ ′
= [A ∩ (B ) ] ∪ (B ∩ C) (De Morgen law)
′
= (A ∩ B) ∪ (B ∩ C)

′
= (A ∪ C) ∪ B (Distributive law)
Disclimer: The question seems to be incorrect or there is some printing
mistake in the question. The options given in the question does not match
with the answer.
10. If A and B are two sets, then ′
A ∩ (A ∪ B) equals.
(A) A (B) B (C) f (D) None

Ans. :
c. f
11. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum
number of elements in A ∪ B ?
(A) 9 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 18
Ans. :
b. 6
Solution:
Let A be the left circle and B be the right circle.There are 3 elements
in A and 6 elements in B.
The union of A and B contains elements that are in either circle.Thus,the
union of A and B will be all of the elements in A along with all of the
element B.
However, you have to subtract the elements that are in the overlapping area
because you are counting twice.
If A and B don't overlap at all,then the union will ontain 9 elements.If A is
completely inside B then the union will only contain 6 elements,which is the
minimum no. of elements in the union of A and B.
let A = 1, 2, B = 2, 3
∴ A ∪ B = 1, 2, 3 which is 3 elements.
∴ A has 2 elements, B has 2 elements, and there is 1 element overlapping.
∴ 2 + 2 − 1 = 3! = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6
12. The number of subsets of the set {10, 11, 12} is:
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 7

Ans. :
b. 8
Solution:
No. of subsets = 23 = 8.

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 We have 2 choices with each of the elements: either put them in a subset or
to not put them in a subset. Hence there are 8 subsets.
13. If A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7}, B = {7, 8, 9}, then find n(A ∪ B).
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7

Ans. :
d. 7
Solution:

A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7}
n(A) = 5
B = {7, 8, 9}
n(B) = 3
n(A ∩ B) = 1
∴ (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)
(A ∪ B) = 5 + 3 − 1 = 7
14. If A = (6, 7, 8, 9), B = (4, 6, 8, 10) and C = {x : x ∈ N : 2 < x ≤ 7} ; find: A - B
(A) {6, 8} (B) {7, 9} (C) {6, 9} (D) {6, 7, 9, 10}

Ans. :
b. {7, 9}
Solution:
A − B = A − A ∩ B = {7, 9}
15. The set of intelligent students in a class is:
(A) A null se (B) A singleton set
(C) A finite set (D) Not a well defined collection

Ans. :
d. Not a well defined collection
16. Which of the following is correct for A - B?
(A) A ∩ B (B) A ′
∩ B (C) A ∩ B
′
(D) A ′ ′
∩ B

Ans. :
c. A ∩ B
′

17. A - B is read as?

(A) Difference of A and B of B and A
(B) Difference of B and A
(C) Both a and b
(D) None of the above

Ans. :
a. Difference of A and B of B and A

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18. The total number of subsets of {1, 2, 6, 7} are?
(A) 16 (B) 8 (C) 64 (D) 32

Ans. :
a. 16
Solution:
We have to find the total number of subsets of {1, 2, 6, 7}.
We know that, for a set containing n elements, the total number of subsets
is 2n.
Consider {1, 2, 6, 7}, wich has 4 elements.
∴ here n = 4
Hence total number of subsets is 24 = 16.
Thus the total number of subsets of {1, 2, 6, 7} is 16.
19. If n(A) = 65, n(B) = 32 and n(A ∩ B) = 14, then n(A Δ B) equals:
(A) 65 (B) 47 (C) 97 (D) 69
Ans. :
d. 69
Solution:
n(A△B) = n(A - B) + n(B - A)

∴ (A△B) = (A - B) ∪ (B - A)

⇒ (A△B) = n(A) -n(A ∩ B) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

⇒ (A△B) = n(A) + n(B) -2n(A ∩ B) = 65 + 32 − 2 × 14 = 69

20. For any two sets A and B, A−(A−B) equals:

(A) B (B) A − B (C) A ∩ B (D) AC ∩ BC

Ans. :
c. A∩B
Solution:
Now, A − (A − B) = A − (A ∩ BC)
= A ∩ (A ∩ BC)C
= A ∩(AC ∪ B)
= (A ∩ AC) ∪ (A ∩ B)
=A∩B
21. The relation S = {(3, 3), (4, 4)} on the set A = {3, 4, 5} is __________.
(A) Not reflexive but symmetric and transitive.
(B) Reflexive only.
(C) Symmetric only.
(D) An equivalence relation.
Ans. :

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 a. Not reflexive but symmetric and transitive.
22. If n(A) = 115, n(B) = 326, n(A - B) = 47 then n(A ∪ B) is equal to:
(A) 373 (B) 165 (C) 370 (D) None
Ans. :
a. 373
Solution:
n(A) = 115, n(B) = 326
n(A - B) = 47
n(A) = n(A - B) + n(A ∩ B)
n(A ∩ B) = n(A) -n(A - B)
∴ n(A ∩ B) = 115 - 47 = 68

∴ n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) -n(A ∩ B)

⇒ n(A ∪ B) = 115 + 326 - 68

⇒ n A ∪ B) = 373
23. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the number of proper subsets of A is:
(A) 31 (B) 38 (C) 48 (D) 54
Ans. :
a. 31
24. Which of the following has only one subset?
(A) {0,1} (B) {1} (C) {0} (D) {}
Ans. :
d. {}
Solution:
Empty set is the subset of itself.
25. For any two sets A and B, A ∩ (A ∪ B) is equal to: ′

(A) A (B) B (C) ϕ (D) A ∩ B.

Ans. :
c. ϕ.

Solution:
′
A ∩ (A ∪ B)

′
= A ∩ (A ∪ B )
′
(De Morgen Law)
′ ′
= (A ∩ A ) ∩ B

′
= ϕ ∩ B

= ϕ

Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

26. Given A = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h} and B = {a, e, i, o, u} then B - A is equal to:
(A) {i, o, u} (B) {a, b, c} (C) {c, d, e} (D) {a, i, z}

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 Ans. :
a. {i, o, u}
Solution:
The sets A = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h} and B = {a, e, i, o, u}, in order to find the
difference between the two sets as B−A, we begin by writing all the elements
of B and then take away every element of A which is also the element
of B. Since B share the elements a, e with A, so B - A = {i, o, u}.
27. The symmetric difference of A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5} is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
{1, 2} {1, 2, 4, 5} {4, 3} {2, 5, 1, 4, 3}.

Ans. :
b. {1, 2, 4, 5}.
Solution:
Here,
A = {1, 2, 3} and
B = {3, 4, 5}

The symmetric difference of A and B is given by:-

(A − B) ∪ (B − A)

Now, are have:

(A − B) = {1, 2}

(B − A) = {4, 5}

(A − B) ∪ (B − A) = {1, 2, 4, 5}.

28. Let U be the universal set containing 700 elements. If A, B are subsets of U such
that n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A ∩ B) = 100. Then, n(A ′ ′
∩ B ) =

(A) 400 (B) 600 (C) 300 (D) None of these.

Ans. :
c. 300.
Solution:
′ ′ ′
n(A ∩ B ) = n(A ∪ B )

= n(U) − n(A ∪ B)

= 700 − 200 + 300 − 100 = 300.

29. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, what is the number of subsets of A with at least three
elements?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 10
Ans. :
c. 5
Solution:
A subset containing 3 elements = {1, 2, 3};{1, 3, 4};{1, 2, 4} and {2, 3, 4}
A subset containing 4 elements ={1, 2, 3, 4}

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 ∴ there are five subsets containing at least 3 elements.
30. If A and B are two sets such that n(A) = 17, n(B) = 23, n(A ∪ B) = 38, find n(A ∩
B):
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. :
b. 2
Solution:
We know,
n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B)
n(A ∩ B) = 17 + 23 - 38 = 2
31. Let A and B be two sets such that n(A) = 16, n(B) = 12, and n(A ∩ B) =
8.Then n(A∪B) equals:
(A) 28 (B) 20 (C) 36 (D) 12
Ans. :
b. 20
Solution:
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B) = 16 + 12 − 8 = 20

* A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). [3]

Choose the correct option.

32. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed

by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion: Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Then, A ⊂ B. Reason: If every
element of X is also an element of Y, then X is a subset of Y.
a. A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation of A.
b. A is true, R is true; R is not a correct explanation of A.
c. A is true; R is false.
d. A is false; R is true.
Ans. :
a. A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation of A.
Solution:
Assertion: Since, every element of A is in B, so A ⊂ B.

33. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed

by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion: The interval {x : x ∈ R, −4 < x ≤ 6} is represented by (-4, 6).
Reason: The interval {x : x ∈ R, -12 -4 < x < 10} is represented by [-12, -10].
a. A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation of A.
b. A is true, R is true; R is not a correct explanation of A.
c. A is true; R is false.

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 d. A is false; R is true.
Ans. :
c. A is true; R is false.
Solution:
Assertion: The interval {x : x ∈ R, −4 < x ≤ 6} is represented by (-4, 6).
Reason: The interval {x : x ∈ R, -12 -4 < x < 10} is represented by (-12, -10).
34. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed
by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion: The set D = {x : x is a prime number which is a divisor of 60} in roster
form is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Reason: The set E = the set of all letters in the
word ‘TRIGONOMETRY’, in the roster form is {T, R, I, G, O, N, M, E, Y}.
a. A is true, R is true; R is a correct explanation of A.
b. A is true, R is true; R is not a correct explanation of A.
c. A is true; R is false.
d. A is false; R is true.
Ans. :
d. A is false; R is true.
Solution:
Assertion: We can write 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5.
∴ Prime factors of 60 are 2, 3 and 5.
Hence, the set D in roster form is {2, 3, 5}.
Reason: There are 12 letters in the word ‘TRIGONOMETRY’ out of which three
letters T, R and O are repeated.
Hence, set Z in the roster form is {T, R, I, G, O, N, M, E, Y}.

* Answer the following questions in one sentence. [1 Marks Each] [13]

35. Find the union pair of set: A = {x : x is a natural number and multiple of 3} and B
= {x : x is a natural number less than 6}
Ans. : Here A = {x : x is a natural number and multiple of 3}
= {3, 6, 9, 12, . . . }
and B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ∴ A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . . . }

36. Find the union pair of set: A = {1, 2, 3} and B = ϕ

Ans. : Here A = {1, 2, 3} and B = ϕ, ∴ A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3}

37. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7, 8} and D = {7, 8, 9, 10} find: A∪ C

Ans. : Here A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7, 8} and D ={7, 8, 9, 10}
A ∪ C = {1, 2, 3, 4} ∪ {5, 6, 7, 8} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
38. Find the intersection pair of the set : A = {1, 2, 3}, B = ϕ

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 Ans. : We have,
A = {1, 2, 3}
And, B = ϕ
∴ A ∩ B = {ϕ }
39. If A = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11} , B = {7, 9, 11, 13}, C = {11, 13, 15} and D = {15, 17} find:
A ∩ B?

Ans. : Here A = {3,5,7,9,11}, B = {7,9,11,13}, C = {11,13,15} and D = {15,17}

A ∩ B = {3, 5, 6, 7, 11} ∩ {7, 9, 11, 13} = {7, 9, 11}

40. Given pair of sets are disjoint? {1, 2, 3, 4} and {x : x is a natural number and
4 ≤ x ≤ 6

Ans. : Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}

and B = {x : x is a natural number and 4 ≤ x ≤ 6

= {4, 5, 6}
∴ A ∩ B = {1, 2, 3, 4} ∩ {4, 5, 6}

= {4}
Hence A and B are not disjoint.
41. Given pair of sets are disjoint? {a, e, i, o, u} and {c, d, e, f}
Ans. : (ii) Let A = {a, e, i, o, u}
and B = {c, d, e, f}
∴ A∩ B ≠ ϕ

Hence A and B are not disjoint.

42. If A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21}, B = {4, 8, 12,16, 20}, C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}, D =
{5, 10, 15, 20}, find: A - B
Ans. : Here A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21}, B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}, D = {5, 10, 15, 20}
A - B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21} - {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
= { 3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21}
43. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2,4, 6, 8} and C = {3, 4, 5, 6}.
Find: (A ∪ C)
′

Ans. : Here U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},

A ∪ C = {1, 2, 3, 4} ∩ {3, 4, 5, 6}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(A ∪ C )
′
= U − (A ∪ C) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
={7, 8, 9}
44. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8} and C = {3, 4, 5, 6}.
Find: (A')'
Ans. : Here U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},
A' = U - A' = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

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 = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A' = U - A' = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
= {1, 2, 3, 4} = A
45. If U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, find the complement of the set: C = {a, c, e, g}
Ans. : C
′
= U − C = {a, b, c, d, e, f , g, h} − {a, c, e, g} = {b, d, f, h}
46. Draw appropriate Venn diagram for: (A ∩ B)
′

Ans. : The Venn diagram for (A ∩ B)

′
The shaded portion represents ′
(A ∩ B)

47. Using properties of set, show that: A ∪ (A ∩ B) = A

Ans. : We know that if A ⊂ B then

A∩ B = B

Also A∩ B ⊂ A

∴ A ∪ (A ∩ B) = A

SECTION B

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [22]

48. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B= {2, 3, 5, 7}, verify that: (A ∩ B)'
= A' ∪ B'.
Ans. : Here U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
A ∩ B = {2, 4, 6, 8} ∩ {2, 3, 5, 7}

= {2}
(A ∩ B)
′
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {2}
= U − (A ∩ B)

= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} . . . (i)
A' = U - A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {2, 4, 6, 8}
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 8}
B' = U - B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} - {2, 3, 5, 7}
= {1, 4, 6, 8, 9}
′
A ∪ B
′
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∪ {1, 4, 6, 8, 9}
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} . . . (ii)
From (i) and (ii) we have
′ ′ ′
(A ∩ B) = A ∪ B

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49. Let A, B and C be the sets such that A∪ B = A∪ C and A∩ B = A∩ C Show that
B = C.
Ans. : We know that A = A ∩ (A ∪ B) and A = A ∪ (A ∩ B)

Now A∩ B = A∩ C and A∪ B = A∪ C

∴ B = B ∪ (B ∩ A) = B ∪ (A ∩ B) = B ∪ (A ∩ C) [∵ A ∩ B = A ∩ C]

= (B ∪ A) ∩ (B ∪ C) (By distributive law)

= (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ C)

= (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ C) [∵ A ∪ B = A ∪ C]

= (C ∪ A) ∩ (C ∪ B)

= C ∪ (A ∩ B) (by distributive law)

= C ∪ (A ∩ C) [∵ A ∩ B = A ∩ C]

= C ∪ (C ∩ A) = C

Hence B = C.
50. Find sets A, B and C such that A ∩ B, B ∩ C and A∩ C are non-empty sets and
A∩ B∩ C = ϕ

Ans. : Take A = {1, 2} B = {1, 4} and C = {2, 4}

Now A ∩ B = {1} ≠ ϕ

B ∩ C = {4} ≠ ϕ

A ∩ C = {2} ≠ ϕ

But A∩ B∩ C = ϕ

51. In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students were found to be taking
tea and 225 taking coffee, 100 were taking both tea and coffee. Find how many
students were taking neither tea nor coffee.
Ans. : Let T be the set of students who like tea and C be the set of students who
like coffee.
Here n(T) = 150, m (C) = 225 and n(C ∩ T ) = 100

We know that n(C ∪ T ) = n(C) + n(T ) − n(C ∩ T )

= 150 + 225 - 100 = 275
∴ Number of students taking either tea or coffee += 275

∴ Number of students taking neither tea nor coffee = 600 - 275 = 325

52. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read
newspaper T, 26 read newspaper I, 9 read both H and I, 11 read both H and T, 8
read both T and I, 3 read all three newspapers.
Find the number of people who read at least one of the newspaper.
Ans. : Here
n(U) = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 60 ....(i)
n (H) = a + b + c +d = 25 ....(ii)
n(T) = b + c + f + g = 26 .....(iii)
n(I) = c + d + e + f = 26 ....(iv)

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 n(H ∩ I ) = c + d = 9 .....(v)
n(H ∩ T ) = b + c = 11 .....(vi)
n(T ∩ I ) = c + f = 8 ....(vii)
n(H ∩ T ∩ I ) = c = 3 ....(viii)

Putting value of c in (vii),

3+f=8⇒f=5
Putting value of c in (vi),
3 + b = 11 ⇒ b = 8
Putting values of c in (v),
3+d=9⇒d=6
Putting value of c, d, f in (iv),
3 + 6 + e + 5 = 26 ⇒ e = 26 - 14 = 12
Putting value of b, c, f in (iii),
8 + 3 + 5 + g = 26 ⇒ g = 26 - 16 = 10
Putting value of b, c, d in (ii)
a + 8 + 3 + 6 = 25 ⇒ a = 25 - 17 = 8
Number of people who read at least one of the three newspapers
=a+b+c+d+e+f+g
= 8 + 8 + 3 + 6 + 12 + 5 + 10 = 52
53. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read
newspaper T, 26 read newspaper I, 9 read both H and I, 11 read both H and T, 8
read both T and I, 3 read all three newspapers.
Find the number of people who read exactly one newspaper.
Ans. : Here
n(U) = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 60 ....(i)
n(H) = a + b + c +d = 25 ....(ii)
n(T) = b + c + f + g = 26 .....(iii)
n(I) = c + d + e + f = 26 ....(iv)
n(H ∩ I ) = c + d = 9 ....(v)

n(H ∩ T ) = b + c = 11 .....(vi)
n(T ∩ I ) = c + f = 8 .....(vii)
n(H ∩ T ∩ I ) = c = 3 ....(viii)

Page 13
 Putting value of c in (vii),
3+f=8⇒f=5
Putting value of c in (vi),
3 + b = 11 ⇒ b = 8
Putting values of c in (v),
3+d=9⇒d=6
Putting value of c, d, f in (iv),
3 + 6 + e + 5 = 26 ⇒ e = 26 - 14= 12
Putting value of b, c, f in (iii),
8 + 3 + 5 + g = 26 ⇒ g = 26 - 16= 10
Putting value of b, c, d in (ii)
a + 8 + 3 + 6 = 25 ⇒ a = 25 - 17 = 8
Number of people who read exactly one newspapers
=a+e+g
= 8 + 12 + 10 = 30
54. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Find A′.
Ans. : We note that 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 are the only elements of U which do not belong to
A.
Therefore, A′ = { 2, 4, 6, 8,10 }
55. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}. Find A′, B′ , A′ ∩ B′, A ∪ B and
hence show that (A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′
Ans. : Clearly A′ = {1, 4, 5, 6}, B′ = { 1, 2, 6 }. Therefore, A′ ∩ B′ = { 1, 6 }
Also A ∪ B = { 2, 3, 4, 5 }, so that (A ∪ B )′ = { 1, 6 }
(A ∪ B)′ = {1, 6} = A′ ∩ B′
It can be shown that the above result is true in general. If A and B are any two
subsets of the universal set U, then ,we have
(A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′. Similarly, (A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′.
56. If X and Y are two sets such that X ∪ Y has 50 elements, X has 28 elements, and
Y has 32 elements, how many elements does X ∩ Y have?
Ans. : Here,
n (X ∪ Y) = 50, n (X) = 28, n (Y) = 32,
n (X ∩ Y) = ?
By using the formula,we have
n (X ∪ Y) = n (X) + n (Y) – n (X ∩ Y),

Page 14
 we find that
n (X ∩ Y) = n (X) + n (Y) – n (X ∪ Y)
= 28 + 32 – 50 = 10
57. In a school, there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics or physics. Of these,
12 teach mathematics and 4 teach physics and mathematics. How many teach
physics?
Ans. : Let n(P) denote the number of teachers who teach Physics and n(M) denote
the number of teachers who teach mathematics.
We have,
n(P∪ M) = 20, n(M) = 12 and n(P∩ M) = 4
To find : n(P)
We know that
n(P∪ M) = n(P) + n(M) - n(P∩ M)
⇒ 20 = n(P) + 12 - 4

⇒ 20 = n(P) + 8

⇒ n(P) = 20 - 8

= 12
∴ 12 teachers teach Physics.

58. For any two sets A and B, prove that.

A ⊂ B ⇒ A ∩ B = A.

Ans. : Let x ∈ A ⊂ B. Then

⇒ x ∈ B

Let and x ∈ A∩ B

⇔ x ∈ A and x ∈ B

⇔ x ∈ A and x ∈ A (∵ A ⊂ B)

∴ (A ∩ B) = A.

SECTION C

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [30]

59. In a survey it was found that 21 people liked product A, 26 liked product B and
29 liked product C. If 14 people liked products A and B, 12 people liked products
C and A, 14 people liked products B and C and 8 liked all the three products. Find
how many liked product C only?
Ans. : Here
n (A) = a + b + c + d = 21 ....(i)
n(B) = b + c + f + g = 26 ....(ii)
n(C) = c + d + e + f = 29 ....(iii)
n(A ∩ B) = b + c = 14 ....(iv)

n(C ∩ A) = c + d = 12 ....(v)

Page 15
 n(B ∩ C) = c + f = 14 ....(vi)
n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = c = 8 ....(vii)

Putting value of c in (iv), (v) and (vi)

b + 8 = 14 ⇒ b = 6
8 + d = 12 ⇒ d = 4
8 + f = 14 ⇒ f = 6
Putting value of c, d, f in (iii),
8 + 4 + e + 6 = 29 ⇒ e = 29 - 18 = 11
Number of people who like product C only = 11
60. In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as taking apple juice, 150
as taking orange juice and 75 were listed as taking both apple as well as orange
juice. Find how many students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice.
Ans. : Let A denote the set of students taking apple juice and B denote the set of
students taking orange juice
n(U) = 400, n(A) = 100, n (B) = 150 n(A ∩ ) =75
′ ′ ′
n (A ∩ B ) = n (A ∪ B)

= n (∪) − n (A ∪ B)

= n (∪) − [n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)]

=400-100-150+75=225
61. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned Maruti car and 200 owned
Hyundai car, 50 owned both cars. Is this data correct?
Ans. : Let U be the set of the total number of car owners investigated, M be the set
of persons who owned Maruti cars and H be the set of persons who owned
Hyundai cars.
According to Question,
n (U) = 500, n(M) = 400, n (H) = 200 and n(M ∩ H) = 50.
Now, We know that
n(M ∪ H) = n(M ) + n(H) − n(M ∩ H)

= 400 + 200 - 50
= 550
But,
M ∪ H ⊆ U

∴ n(M ∪ H) ≤ n(U )

⇒ n(M∪H) ≤ 500
 but 550 > 500
Therefore, it is a contradiction. Hence, the given data is incorrect.
62. A college awarded 38 medals in Football, 15 in Basketball and 20 in Cricket. If
these medals went to a total of 58 men and only three men got medals in all
three sports, then how many received medals in exactly two of the three sports.
Ans. : Suppose n(F ), n(B) and n(C) denote the number of men who received medals
in Football, Basketball and Cricket, respectively. Then,
n(F) = 38, n(B) = 15, n(C) = 20, n(F ∪ B ∪ C ) = 58 and n(F ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3
∵ n(F ∪ B ∪ C) = n(F) + n(B) + n(C) + n(F ∩ B ∩ C) −n(F ∩ B) − n(F ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C)

58 = 38 + 15 + 20 + 3−n(F ∩ B) − n(F ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C)

⇒ n(F ∩ B) + n(F ∩ C) + n(B ∩ C) = 76 - 58 = 18

Here, 'a' = the number of men who got medals in Football and Basketball only.
‘b' = the number of men who got medals in Football and Cricket only.
'c' = the number of men who got medals in Basketball and Cricket only.
'd ’= the number of men who got medals in all the three games.
Thus, d = n(F ∩ B ∩ C) =3
and n(F ∩ B) + n(F ∩ C) + n(B ∩ C) = 18
⇒ (a + d) + (b + d) + (c + d) = 18

⇒ a + b + c + 3d = 18

⇒ a + b + c+ 3(3) = 18 [Put d = 3, given]

∴ a + b + c = 9

Hence, people who got medals in exactly two of the three sports is 9.
63. In a survey of 100 students, the number of students studying the various
languages were found to be: English only 18, English but not Hindi 23, English
and Sanskrit 8, English 26, Sanskrit 48, Sanskrit and Hindi 8, no language 24.
Find:
i. How many students were studying Hindi?
ii. How many students were studying English and Hindi?
Ans. :
i. Let,
n(P) denote total number of students
n(E) denote total number of students studying English language
n(H) denote total number of students studying Hindi language and
n(S) denote total number of students studying Sanskrit language.
 Then,
n(P) = 100, n(E - H) = 23, n(E ∩ S) = 8, n(E) = 26,

′
n(S) = 48, n(S ∩ H) = 8, n((E ∪ H ∪ S) ) = 24

Number of students studying English only = 18

We have,
′
n((E ∪ H ∪ S) ) = 24

⇒ n(P) − n(E ∪ H ∪ S) = 24

⇒ 100 − 24 = n(E ∪ H ∪ S)

⇒ n(E ∪ H ∪ S) = 76

We have n(E ∪ H ∪ S) = n(E) + n(H) + n(S) - n(E ∩ H) −

n(H ∩ S) − n(E ∩ S) + n(E ∩ H ∩ S)

⇒ 76 = 26 + n(H) + 48 − 3 − 8 − 8 + 3

⇒ 76 = 26 + n(H) + 48 − 16

⇒ 76 = 26 + 32 + n(H)

⇒ n(H) = 76 − 58

= 18

∴ 18 students were studying Hindi.

ii. From (i) we have n(E ∩ H) = 3
∴ 3 students were studying both English and Hindi.
64. If U = {2, 3, 5, 7, 9} is the universal set and A = {3, 7}, B = {2, 5, 7, 9}, then prove
that:
′ ′ ′
(A ∩ B) = A ∪ B .

Ans. : U = {2, 3, 5, 7, 9} is the universal set

A = {3, 7},

B = {2, 5, 7, 9}

A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

= {2, 3, 5, 7, 9}

′
LHS = (A ∩ B)

Now,
A ∩ B = {x | x ∈ A and x ∈ B}

= {7}

′ ′
∴ (A ∩ B) = {7}

= {x ∈ U : x ∉ 7}

= {2, 3, 5, 9}

′ ′
RHS = A ∪ B

Now,
′
A = {2, 5, 9} [from (i)]

′
B = 3 [from (i)]
 ′ ′
∴ A ∪ B = {2, 3, 5, 9}

LHS = RHS proved.

65. Let A = {3, 6, 12, 15, 18, 21}, B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}, C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}, D =
{5 , 10, 15, 20}. Find:
i. A-B
ii. A-C
iii. A-D
iv. B-A
v. C-A
vi. D-A
vii. B-C
viii. B - D.
Ans. : We have,
A = {3, 6, 12, 15, 18, 21}
B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}
D = {5, 10, 15, 20}
If A and B are two sets, then the set A - B is defined as
A - B {x ∈ A : x ∉ B}
i. A - B {x ∈ A : x ∉ B} = {3, 6, 15, 18, 21}
ii. A-C {x ∈ A ∈ C} = {3, 15, 18, 21}
iii. A-D {x ∈ A : x ∉ D} = {3, 6, 12, 18, 21}
iv. B - A {x ∈ B : x ∉ A} = {4, 8, 16, 20}
v. C - A {x ∈ C : x ∉ A} = {2, 4, 8, 10, 14, 16}
vi. D - A {x ∈ D : x ∉ A} = {5, 10, 20}
vii. B-C {x ∈ B : x ∉ C} = {20}
viii. B-D {x ∈ B : x ∉ D} = {4, 8, 12, 16}.
66. For any two sets A and B, show that the following statements are equevalent:
A − B = ϕ.

Ans. : We new show that (2) ⇒ (3)

So assume that A - B = ϕ
To show: A ∪ B = B
∵ Every element of A is an element of B [∵ A − B = ϕ only when ther is some
element in A which is not in B]
So A ⊂ B and therefore A ∪ B = B
So (2) ⇒ (3) is true.
67. Let A = {x : x ∈ N}, B = {x : x = 2n, n ∈ N}, C = {x : x = 2n - 1, n ∈ N} and D = {x : x
is a prime natural number}. Find:
B∩ C
 Ans. : We have,
A = {x : x ∈ N}
= {2, 4, 6, 8,....}, the set of even natural numbers
C = {x : x = 2n - 1, x ∈ N}

= {1, 3, 5,....}, the set of odd natural numbers

∴ B ∩ C = {x : x ∈ B and x ∈ C}

=∮ [∴ B and C are disjoint sets, i.e., have no elements in common]

68. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8}, and C = {3, 4, 5, 6}.
Find:
i. A'
ii. B'
iii. (A ∩ C)
′

iv. (A ∪ B)
′

v. (A')'
vi. (B - C)'.
Ans. : Given:
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},
A = {1, 2, 3, 4},
B = {2, 4, 6, 8},
and C = {3, 4, 5, 6}
i. A' = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
ii. B' = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
iii. (A ∩ C)
′
= {1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
iv. (A ∪ B)
′
= (5, 7, 9)
v. (A')' = {1, 2, 3, 4}
vi. (B - C)' = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}.

SECTION D

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [10]

69. Of the members of three athletic teams in a certain school, 21 are in the
basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in the football team. 14 play hockey
and basketball, 15 play hockey and football, 12 play football and 8 play all the
three game. How many member are there in all?
Ans. : Let,
n(P) denote total number of members,
n(B) denote number of member in the basketball team
n(H) denote number of member in the hockey team and
n(F) denote number of member in the football team
Then, n(B) = 21, n(H) = 26, n(F) = 29
 Also n(H ∩ B) = 14, n(H ∩ F) = 15,

n(F ∩ B) = 12, n(B ∩ H ∩ F) = 8

Now,
P = B∪ H∪ F

∴ n(P) = n(B ∪ H ∪ F)

= n(B) + n(H) + n(F) − n(B ∩ H) − n(H ∩ F) −

n(B ∩ F) + n(B ∩ H ∩ F)

⇒ n(P) = 21 + 26 + 29 − 14 − 15 − 12 + 8

= 76 − 41 + 8

= 43

Hence, there are 43 membersb in all.

70. Let A and B be two stes such that: n(P) = 20, n(A ∪ B)=42 and n(A ∩ B) = 4. Find:
n(B − A).

Ans. : To find: B − A
On a similar lines we have B is the disjoint union of B−A and A∩ B

i.e., B = (B − A) ∪ (A ∩ B)
∴ n(B)=n(B − A) + n(A ∩ B)

⇒ 26 = n(B − A) + 4

⇒ n(B − A) = 26 − 4

= 22

∴ n(B − A) = 22.

SECTION E

* Case study based questions [12]

71. In a library, 25 students read physics, chemistry and mathematics books. It was
found that 15 students read mathematics, 12 students read physics while 11
students read chemistry. 5 students read both mathematics and chemistry, 9
students read physics and mathematics. 4 students read physics and chemistry
and 3 students read all three subject books.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

i. The number of students who reading only chemistry is:
a. 5
b. 4
c. 2
 d. 1
ii. The number of students who reading only mathematics is:
a. 4
b. 3
c. 5
d. 11
iii. The number of students who reading only one of the subjects is:
a. 5
b. 11
c. 8
d. 6
iv. The number of students who reading atleast one of the subject is:
a. 20
b. 22
c. 23
d. 21
v. The number of students who reading none of the subject is:
a. 2
b. 4
c. 3
d. 5
Ans. : Let M denotes set of student who reading mathematics books, P denotes
who reading Physics books and C denotes who reading chemistry books.
we have,
n(U) = 25, n(M) = 15, n(P) = 12, n(C) = 11,

n(M ∩ C) = 5, n(M ∩ P) = 9, n(P ∩ C) = 4, n(M ∩ P ∩ C) = 3

i. (a) 5
Solution:
The number of students who reading only Chemistry is 5.
ii. (a) 4
Solution:
The number of students who reading only Mathematics is 4.
iii. (c) 8
Solution:
 The number of students who reading only one of the subject is 4 + 5 + 2 i.e.
11.
iv. (c) 23
Solution:
The number of students who reading atleast one of the subject is 4 + 6 + 3 +
2 + 5 + 1 + 2 i.e. 23.
v. (a) 2
Solution:
The number of students who reading none of the subject is 25 - 23 i.e. 2.
72. The school organised a farewell party for 100 students and school management
decided three types of drinks will be distributed in farewell party ie. Milk (M),
Coffee (C) and Tea (T). Organiser reported that 10 students had all the three
drinks M, C, T. 20 students had M and C; 30 students had C and T; 25 students
had M and T. 12 students.had M only; 5 students had C only; 8 students had T
only.

Based on the above information, answer the following

questions.
i. The number of students who did not take any drink, is
a. 20
b. 30
c. 10
d. 25
ii. The number of students who prefer Milk is
a. 47
b. 45
c. 53
d. 50
iii. The number of students who prefer Coffee is
a. 47
b. 53
c. 45
d. 50
iv. The number of students who prefer Tea is
a. 51
b. 53
c. 50
d. 47
 v. The number of students who prefer Milk and Coffee but not tea is
a. 12
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
Ans. : Consider the following Venn diagram

where,
a = Number of students who had M only
b = Number of students who had M and C only
c = Number of students who had C only
d = Number of students who had T only
e = Number of students who had M and T only
f = Number of students who had three drinks M, C, T and g = Number of students
who had C and T only
Then, we have
a = 12, b + f = 20, c = 5, d = 8, e + f = 25, f = 10 and g + f = 30
a = 12, b = 10, c = 5, d = 8, e = 15, f = 10 and g = 20
i. (a) 20
Solution:
Number of students who did not take any drink
= 100 - (a + b + c + d + e + f + g)
= 100 - (12 + 10 + 5 + 8 + 15 + 10 + 20)
= 100 - 80 = 20
ii. (a) 47
Solution:
Number of students who prefer Milk
= a + b + f + e = 12 + 10 + 10 + 15 = 47
iii. (c) 45
Solution:
Number of students who prefer Coffee
= b + c + f + g = 10 + 5 + 10 + 20 = 45
iv. (b) 53
Solution:
Number of students who prefer Tea
= d + e + f + g = 8 + 15 + 10 + 20 = 53
 v. (b) 10
Solution:
Number of students who prefer Milk and Coffee but not Tea is 4, i.e. 10.
73. The school organised a cultural event for 100 students. In the event, 15 students
participated in dance, drama and singing. 25 students participated in dance and
drama; 20 students participated in drama and singing; 30 students participated
in dance and singing. 8 students participated in dance only; 5 students in drama
only and 12 students in singing only.

Based on the above information, answer the following

questions.
i. The number of students who participated in dance, is:
a. 18
b. 30
c. 40
d. 48
ii. The number of students who participated in drama, is:
a. 35
b. 30
c. 25
d. 20
iii. The number of students who participated in singing, is:
a. 42
b. 45
c. 47
d. 37
iv. The number of students who participated in dance and drama but not in
singing, is:
a. 20
b. 5
c. 10
d. 15
v. The number of students who did not participate in any of the events, is:
a. 20
b. 30
c. 25
d. 35
Ans. : Consider the following Venn diagram

Where,
a = Number of students who participated in dance only
b = Number of students who participated in dance and drama only
c = Number of students who participated in drama only
d = Number of students who participated in singing only
e = Number of students who participated in dance and singing only
f = Number of students who participated in all three events dance, drama and
singing and
g = Number of students who participated in drama and singing only
Then, we have
a = 8, b + f = 25, c = 5, d = 12, e + f = 30, f = 15 and g + f = 20
⇒ a = 8, b = 10, c = 5, d = 12, e = 15, f = 15 and g = 5
i. (d) 48
Solution:
The number of students who participated in dance
=a+b+e+f
= 8 + 10 + 15 + 15
= 48
ii. (a) 35
Solution:
The number of students who participated indram
a=b+c+f+g
= 10 + 5 + 15 + 5
= 35
iii. (c) 47
Solution:
The number of students who participated in singing
=d+e+f+g
= 12 + 15 + 15 + 5
= 47
iv. (c) 10
Solution:
The number of students who participated in dance and drama but not in
singing = b = 10.
v. (b) 30
Solution:
The number of students who did not participats in any of the events
= 100 - (a + b + c + d + e + f + g)
= 100 - (8 +10 + 5 + 12 + 15 + 15 + 5)
= 100 - (70) = 30
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