Ship Design Lab – 1

Subject Code: NAOE 2104

Lecture –1
Introduction
Prepared By: Md. Rabbi Raihan Imon

Bangladesh Maritime University

Contents
• Lines Plan

• Preliminary General Arrangement Plan

• Scantling of Structural Members

• Midship Section Drawings of Ship

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Evaluation of the Course
• Attendance : 10%

• Class Performance / Observation : 10%

• Assignment / Report : 20%

• Viva/Presentation : 20%

• Quiz : 40%

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References
• Series 60 – Methodical Experiments with Models of Single-Screw Merchant Ships.

• Ship Design and Construction – (Robert Taggart)

• Elements of Ship Design – (R. Munro-Smith)

• Ship Design - Methodologies of Preliminary Design – (Apostolos Papanikolaou)

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Phases of Ship Design
• The ship design process can be divided into 4 phases:

• Concept Design

• Preliminary Design

• Contract Design

• Detailed Design

This course will be conducted for learning the preliminary design of the
ship.

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Design Spiral

Figure: Design Spiral of Ship (Taggart 1980)

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Concept Design
• In this stage, ship’s first technical design parameters are estimated based on owner’s
requirements.
• The owner mainly provides the following information:
• Route of the ship
• Capacity of the ship (in tonnes)
• Ship’s speed

• A Naval Architect will consider several things before estimating the dimensions of the
ship such as: ship type, water depth of the route, speed, dead weight, block coefficient,
propulsion system, etc.

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Preliminary Design
• This stage elaborates the concept design.

• The main characteristics of the ship are determined in this stage such as:
➢ Length (L) ➢ Depth (D)
➢ Beam (B) ➢ Block Coefficient (CB)
➢ Draft (T) ➢ Power (PB)

• This preliminary dimensions are used to check the requirements of the owner and
optimized accordingly.

• The concept design and preliminary design can be called as basic design in combined
form.

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Contract Design
• In this stage, the calculations and the naval architectural drawings are completed.

• Also, the technical specification of the ship is completed in this phase.

• These drawings and technical specifications are used for the contract between the
shipowner and the shipyard.

• This design stage contains:

➢ Ship’s hull form through the faired lines plan.
➢ Exact powering for achieving the specified speed based on model tests.
➢ Behavior of the designed ship in waves (seakeeping).
➢ Manoeuvering properties, etc.

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Detailed Design
• The detailed design of all structural members are done in this stage.

• Ship construction and fitting of equipment information are conducted.

• The propulsion arrangement, electrical installation details, HVAC system, etc. are created
in detail and meticulously.

• According to the data this stage of design requires 60,000 man-days (Taggart 1980).

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Basic Drawings of Ship
• General Arrangement Plan

• Lines Plan

• Midship Section

• Capacity Plan

• Shell Expansion

• Deck Plan

• Frame drawings

• Machinery and Outfitting, etc.

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General Arrangement Plan
• It is also called GA plan which is the most essential drawing of a ship.

• The principal dimensions of ship (L, B, T, D, etc.) are declared in this drawing.

• The major compartments such as machinery spaces, cargo holds, accommodations, tanks,
etc. are drawn.

• The cargo handling zone, stairways, walking areas are defined in this drawing.

• The deck plans and profile view are the two most important part of this drawing.

• Preliminary GA plan discusses all this things primarily, later modified step by step.

• GA plan is used for the approval and planning from the owner and classification societies.

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General Arrangement Plan

Figure: Typical GA Plan of a Cargo Ship.

(Source)

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General Arrangement Plan

Figure: Typical GA Plan of a Tanker.

(Source)

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General Arrangement Plan

Figure: Typical GA Plan of a Cargo Ship.

(Source)

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General Arrangement Plan

Figure: Typical GA Plan of an LCT

(Landing Craft Tank). (Source)

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Lines Plan
• Lines plan is the drawing that describes the shape of the hull form of the ship.

• It is used for understanding the hull form (fuller / finer) which is very important for the
hydrostatic calculation.

• The speed and stability of the ship greatly depends on the form of the hull.

• Lines plan of a ship contains three part:

➢ Profile (Sheer Plan)

➢ Half Breadth Plan

➢ Body Plan

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Lines Plan

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Lines Plan

Profile (Sheer Plan) Half Breadth Plan Body Plan

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Lines Plan
• Profile represents the longitudinal section of the ship’s shape.

• The lines in the profile view is called buttock line.

Profile (Sheer Plan)

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Lines Plan
• Half breadth plan represents the waterline of the ship.

• It represents the horizontal cross sections of ship for different depth of the hull.

• Generally, the waterlines are drawn in half due to the symmetry. That’s why it is called
half breadth.

Half Breadth Plan

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 Lines Plan

• Body plan represents the cross sections

of the ship along its length.

• The cross sections in body plan is called

the stations.

• It is the most important part of the lines

plan for understanding the hull form.

Body Plan

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Lines Plan

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Offset Table
• Offset table represents the ship’s hull form in numerical values.

• This numerical values are used for drawing the lines plan.

• An offset table contains three directions:

• Longitudinal Direction: It is measured along the length of the ship and used
to define stations.

• Transverse Direction: It is measured outward from the centerline to the ship’s

side to define the waterlines.

• Vertical Direction: It is measured upward from the baseline of the ship.

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Offset Table

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Midship
• A typical midship section represents the cross section of the ship in the middle (generally
the widest part of the ship).

• Midship section contains most of the structural elements for the strength of the ship and
their dimensions.

• Midship section represents the structural strength of the ship.

• Scantling calculations are required for draw the midship section of the ship.

• Several elements of midship section are: keel, girders, stringers, longitudinals, shell
plates, decks, frames, brackets, etc.

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Midship

Figure: Typical Midship Section of

Container Ship. (Source)

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Midship

Figure: Typical Midship Section of

Tanker Ship. (Source)

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Basic Ship Terminology
Ship | Definition, Types, Old, Facts | Britannica

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Basic Ship Terminology

BASIC SHIP TERMINOLOGIES | La Ola

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Basic Ship Terminology

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Thank You!

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