CAT-Guideline

TERMINOLOGY
1. Virus: A type of malicious software designed to replicate itself and spread to other
computers, often causing harm to the system or data.

2. Icon: A small graphic symbol that represents a program, file, or function on a computer
screen.

3. Wikipedia: A free, web-based encyclopedia created and edited by volunteers

worldwide.

4. Safari: A web browser developed by Apple, used on Mac and iOS devices.

5. Compression Software: A tool used to reduce the size of files, making them easier to
store and transfer.

6. Convergence: The merging of multiple technologies into a single device, such as a

smartphone combining phone, internet, and camera functions.

7. PAN (Personal Area Network): A network covering a small area, typically used for
connecting devices within an individual's reach, like a computer and smartphone.

HAN (Home Area Network): A network within a home that connects digital devices,
such as computers, printers, and TVs.

8. Search Engine: A software tool that searches the internet for information based on
keywords, like Google or Bing.

9. Website: A collection of web pages under a single domain, accessible through the
internet.

10. Plagiarism: The act of copying someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper
credit.

11. Data Theft: The unauthorized copying or stealing of data from a computer system.

12. Identity Theft: The fraudulent acquisition and use of a person's private identifying
information, often for financial gain.

13. Green Computing: Practices that reduce the environmental impact of computing, like
energy-efficient devices and recycling e-waste.

14. Formula used to calculate total, highest & lowest: Mathematical expressions used in
spreadsheets to calculate totals, maximums, and minimums within a range.

15. SmartArt: A feature in Microsoft Office that allows users to create visual
representations of information, like flowcharts and diagrams.

16. Software License: A legal agreement that specifies the terms of use for software.
17. Types of Software Piracy: Unauthorized copying or distribution of software. Examples
include counterfeiting, softlifting, and hard disk loading.

18. Digital Footprint: The trail of data left by people’s online activities. To avoid a negative
digital footprint, one should be mindful of privacy settings and avoid sharing sensitive
information.

19. Personal Information: Examples include a person's name, address, phone number,
and Social Security number.

20. Ransomware: Malicious software that locks or encrypts a user’s data and demands
payment to restore access.

21. Spam: Unwanted or junk email messages, often sent in bulk for advertising.

22. Hardware and Software:

• Hardware: The physical components of a computer (e.g., CPU, RAM, hard drive).

• Software: Programs and applications that instruct the hardware on what to do.

23. Operating System: Software that manages computer hardware and provides services
for other software (e.g., Windows, macOS).

24. Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks, like Microsoft Word or
Adobe Photoshop.

25. RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage used by a computer to store data
for active processes.

26. SSD (Solid-State Drive): A type of storage device with no moving parts, offering faster
data access than traditional hard drives.

27. Boot: The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system.

DETAILED ANSWERS FOR ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:

1. Advantages of Software Package:

o Integrated Features: Provides multiple tools (like word processors,

spreadsheets) that work seamlessly together.

o Cost-Effective: Typically, cheaper than buying each tool separately.

o Compatibility: Tools within the package are often designed to work well
together, improving user productivity.

2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Flash Drive:

o Advantages: Portable, high-speed data transfer, compatible with many devices,

reliable.

o Disadvantages: Prone to loss or damage, limited storage capacity compared to

external hard drives, susceptible to malware.
3. Disadvantages of HAN:

o Limited Range: Often limited to a single home, with weaker signal strength in
certain rooms.

o Security Risks: If not secured, can be vulnerable to external access or hacking.

o Maintenance: Can require troubleshooting for network stability.

4. Disadvantages of Router with Built-in Switch:

o Expensive: Combined units can be more costly than separate devices.

o Limitations on Ports: May not offer enough Ethernet ports for larger networks.

5. Advantages of Google Forms for Questionnaires:

o Ease of Use: Simple to create forms and distribute them online.

o Automatic Data Collection: Responses are saved automatically, allowing for

easy data analysis.

o Accessibility: Respondents can access the form from any device with an
internet connection.

6. Advantages of Using the Internet:

o Information Access: Provides access to vast amounts of information for

research or learning.

o Communication: Enables communication through email, messaging, and video

calls.

o Online Learning: Supports e-learning platforms, allowing access to courses

and educational resources.

7. Disadvantages of Cordless Mouse:

o Battery Dependence: Requires batteries, which need replacement or

recharging.

o Signal Interference: Wireless signals may interfere with other devices or

experience delays.

o Cost: Wireless options can be more expensive than wired mice.

8. Disadvantages of Using Pirated Software:

o Legal Risks: Using pirated software is illegal and punishable by law.

o Security Threats: Pirated software may contain malware or spyware.

o Lacks Support: Users may not receive updates or customer support, leading to
bugs and compatibility issues.
 ADDITIONAL TOPICS:
1. Specification for the CPU:

o The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer, responsible for
performing calculations and executing instructions.

o Key specifications include:

▪ Clock Speed: Measured in GHz, this indicates the number of cycles the
CPU can complete per second. A higher clock speed generally means
better performance.

▪ Cores: Modern CPUs have multiple cores (dual-core, quad-core, etc.),

allowing them to handle more tasks simultaneously.

▪ Threads: Many CPUs support hyper-threading or multi-threading, which

allows each core to handle two tasks at once.

▪ Cache Memory: The cache (L1, L2, and L3) is a small, fast memory
storage area within the CPU that stores frequently accessed data to
speed up processing.

▪ Architecture: Refers to whether the CPU is 32-bit or 64-bit, which

affects performance and compatibility with software.

2. Functions of Application Software:

o Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks and is

different from system software (like the operating system).

o Examples and functions include:

▪ Microsoft Word (word processing): Used to create, edit, and format text
documents.

▪ Excel (spreadsheet software): Used for data organization, calculations,

and data analysis.

▪ Photoshop (image editing software): Used for photo editing, graphic

design, and digital art.

▪ Web Browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox): Allow users to access and

navigate the internet.

▪ Email Clients (e.g., Outlook): Enable users to send, receive, and

organize emails.

o Application software is essential for specific work or personal tasks, as it

provides the tools needed to complete various activities.
3. Which Program is Used for Backup:

o A backup program allows users to create copies of important files or the entire
system to prevent data loss in case of system failure or accidental deletion.

o Common backup programs include:

▪ Windows Backup: A built-in feature in Windows OS that allows users to

create backups of files or the whole system.

▪ Time Machine (for macOS): A built-in application for Mac that regularly
backs up files and the system.

▪ Acronis True Image: Third-party software that provides cloud storage

and backup options.

▪ Google Drive, Dropbox: Cloud storage services that offer file backup
and access from multiple devices.

4. Importance of Using Compression Software:

o Compression software reduces the size of files, making them easier to store
and transfer. It works by removing redundancies in data.

o Benefits of Compression Software:

▪ Space Saving: Compressed files use less storage space.

▪ Faster Transfers: Smaller files transfer more quickly over the internet.

▪ Organization: Files can be grouped into a single compressed file (e.g.,

.zip or .rar format).

o Popular compression software includes WinZip, 7-Zip, and WinRAR.

5. Ways to Transfer Files from Digital Camera to a Computer Without Switching on the
Digital Camera:

o Transferring files from a camera without turning it on can be done in several

ways:

▪ SD Card Reader: Remove the SD card from the camera and insert it into
an SD card reader connected to the computer.

▪ Wireless Transfer: If the camera supports Wi-Fi, files can be transferred

directly to the computer wirelessly.

▪ USB Connection via Auto Power-Off: Some cameras can transfer files
over USB even if they have an auto power-off feature while connected.
6. Software Needed to Access Internet:

o To access the internet, you need specific types of software:

▪ Web Browser: Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,

Safari, and Microsoft Edge. Browsers allow users to navigate websites,
search for information, and view online content.

▪ Network Driver: A driver for the network adapter is necessary for

connecting to a wired or wireless network.

▪ VPN Software (optional): Provides a secure connection to the internet

by encrypting data, commonly used for privacy protection.

7. Why Task Definition is Important in PAT:

o Task definition is crucial in a Practical Assessment Task (PAT) because it helps

clarify what needs to be done.

o Importance:

▪ Clarity: Defines the goals, purpose, and scope of the task, helping
students understand what they need to achieve.

▪ Guidance: Serves as a roadmap, breaking down complex tasks into

manageable parts.

▪ Focus: Helps students avoid distractions and stay on topic, improving

the quality of their work.

▪ Assessment: Provides criteria against which performance can be

evaluated.

8. When to Use a Line Graph:

o A line graph is used when showing changes over time or the relationship
between two variables.

o Appropriate scenarios for a line graph include:

▪ Tracking Progress: Displaying a trend over time, like monthly sales or

temperature changes.

▪ Comparing Data Sets: Showing differences in growth rates or other

changes between multiple data sets.

▪ Continuous Data: Suitable for continuous data that doesn’t have

distinct categories.

9. Ways to Avoid Spreading Fake News:

o Verify Information: Check credible sources and cross-reference information

before sharing.
 o Check Dates: Ensure the news is recent and relevant.

o Look for Author Details: Trust articles from reputable journalists or verified
accounts.

o Avoid Forwarding: If in doubt, refrain from sharing unverified information.

o Report False Information: Many social media platforms have options to report
fake news.

10. Ways to Contribute to Green Computing:

o Use Energy-Efficient Devices: Buy devices with Energy Star ratings to reduce
energy consumption.

o Turn Off Devices: Shut down or put computers and devices to sleep when not in
use.

o Reduce Paper Usage: Use digital documents instead of printing.

o Recycle: Properly dispose of old electronics through recycling programs.

o Use Cloud Storage: Cloud computing can help reduce the energy consumption
of individual devices by utilizing shared resources.

11. Signs to Show that Computer is Infected with Virus:

o Slower Performance: The system may take longer to load programs or files.

o Frequent Crashes: Applications or the entire system may freeze or crash.

o Pop-Up Ads: Unwanted ads and notifications may appear unexpectedly.

o Unknown Programs: Mysterious programs or toolbars may appear.

o Network Activity: Increased or unusual network activity, even when the

computer is idle.

12. Ways to Protect Computer Software:

o Install Anti-Virus Software: Regularly update it to protect against new threats.

o Use a Firewall: Prevents unauthorized access to your computer.

o Regular Updates: Keep software updated to patch vulnerabilities.

o Avoid Suspicious Links: Do not click on unverified links or download

attachments from unknown sources.

o Backup Data: Regularly back up data to avoid data loss in case of an attack.

13. Ways to Protect Computer Against Virus:

o Install and Update Antivirus: Ensure antivirus software is current and performs
regular scans.
 o Avoid Downloads from Untrusted Sources: Only download software from
reputable sites.

o Email Caution: Avoid opening attachments or clicking links in emails from

unknown senders.

o Use Strong Passwords: This reduces the risk of unauthorized access to your
accounts.

o Update Operating System: Regular updates fix security vulnerabilities.

14. 1920 x 1080 Specification:

o 1920 x 1080 is a common screen resolution, often referred to as Full HD or

1080p.

o It indicates:

▪ Width: 1920 pixels.

▪ Height: 1080 pixels.

o This resolution provides clear, high-definition visuals, suitable for watching

movies, gaming, and professional work.

15. Difference Between Operating System & Application Software:

o Operating System (OS): Core software that manages hardware and software
resources on a device. Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux. The OS
provides the environment where other programs run.

o Application Software: Programs that help users perform specific tasks, like
Microsoft Word for document editing or Excel for spreadsheets. Applications run
on top of an OS and rely on it to function.

16. Show Screen is Measured:

o Screen Size Measurement: Measured diagonally from one corner of the display
to the opposite corner, usually in inches.

o Resolution Measurement: Refers to the number of pixels (e.g., 1920x1080),

indicating clarity and detail level. The higher the resolution, the clearer the
image.

o Aspect Ratio: Ratio of width to height, often 16:9 for widescreen monitors.

17. Ergonomically Ways to Save Paper:

o Print Double-Sided: Reduces paper usage by printing on both sides.

o Use Digital Formats: Share documents digitally instead of printing.

o Adjust Margins and Fonts: Use smaller fonts and narrower margins to fit more
text on each page.
• Preview Before Printing: Always use the "Print Preview" option to avoid unnecessary
reprints due to formatting errors or extra pages.

• Use Recycled Paper: If printing is necessary, opt for recycled paper to reduce
environmental impact.

• Set as Default for Digital Copies: Whenever possible, make digital copies the default
for documents, invoices, and forms, and encourage others to adopt paper-saving
habits.

• Print Only Essential Pages: Avoid printing entire documents if only a few pages are
needed. Select specific pages in the print settings.

• Optimize Printer Settings: Use settings like "Draft" quality or "Eco Mode" to use less ink
and reduce the environmental impact of printing.

• Reuse Single-Sided Printed Paper: If one side of a paper is blank, use it for note-taking
or printing non-official documents.

• Opt for Cloud-Based Collaboration: Use tools like Google Drive or Microsoft OneDrive
to share and collaborate on documents online, reducing the need for printed copies.

• Reduce Font Size and Use Compact Formatting: Using smaller font sizes and
compact formatting can reduce the number of pages needed for documents, especially
for internal or draft versions.