Scribd
Upload
3 views

dsDNA-ASF

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus affecting domestic swine and some wild boar species, with high mortality rates and no effective treatment. The virus is highly resistant to environmental conditions and is transmitted through a sylvatic cycle involving warthogs and soft ticks. Diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation due to similarities with other diseases, and while vaccines are being trialed, control measures focus on biosecurity and monitoring protocols.

Uploaded by

Jessa Mae Dacayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

dsDNA-ASF

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus affecting domestic swine and some wild boar species, with high mortality rates and no effective treatment. The virus is highly resistant to environmental conditions and is transmitted through a sylvatic cycle involving warthogs and soft ticks. Diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation due to similarities with other diseases, and while vaccines are being trialed, control measures focus on biosecurity and monitoring protocols.

Uploaded by

Jessa Mae Dacayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Ds DNA : Asfaviridae

Dr Criselda Battad
Jan 29, 2025
• African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the sole member of the genus Asfivirus
in the family Asfarviridae.
• Virions are 175 to 215 nm in diameter and consist of a membrane-bound
nucleoprotein core inside an icosahedral capsid,
• ASF virus is stable in the environment at 4 to 20◦C and pH values.
• The virus may persist for months in meat
African Swine Fever (ASF): Introduction
• Animal affected: ASFV infects domestic swine ; other Suidae, including
warthogs (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), bushpigs (Potamochoerus porcus),
and wild boars (Sus scrofa ferus). does not infect humans
• African swine fever (ASF) affects all breeds and types of domestic pigs and
European wild boars, and animals of all ages are equally susceptible to the virus.
• In Africa, ASFV produces inapparent infection in warthogs, bushpigs, and the soft
tick Ornithodoros moubata.
• https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/african-swine-fever/african-swine-fever
Etiology & pathogenesis of ASF
• African swine fever virus is a large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is
the sole member of the genus Asfivirus
• ASFV is distantly related to virus families of lower eukaryotes, including the
family Faustoviridae and genus Kaumoebavirus.
• The primary route of infection by ASFV is the upper respiratory tract,
• ASFV is excreted mainly from the upper respiratory tract and is present in all
secretions and excretions that contain blood.

• https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/african-swine-fever/african-swine-fever
Epidemiology & transmission of ASF
• ASFV is highly resistant to a wide pH range and to a freeze-thaw cycle, and it can
remain infectious for many months at room temperature or when stored at 4°C.
• ASFV has distinct patterns of transmission: a sylvatic cycle in warthogs and ticks
in Africa, and epidemic and endemic cycles in domestic swine and wild
boars. Ornithodoros ticks are biological vectors for the virus.
• The virus is maintained in Africa by a sylvatic cycle of transmission between
warthogs and the soft tick vector O moubata, which inhabits warthog burrows
and from which it is unlikely ever to be eliminated.
• The virus can be transmitted from wildlife reservoirs to domestic pigs via the bite
of an infected soft tick or via the ingestion of warthog tissues.
Clinical Signs and Lesions of ASF
• African swine fever occurs in peracute, acute, subacute, and chronic forms, and
mortality rates vary from 0% to 100%,
• The acute and peracute forms of ASF are characterized by a severe hemorrhagic disease
that has an almost 100% mortality rate.
• The severity and distribution of the lesions due to ASFV vary according to the virulence of the
virus.
• Hemorrhages occur predominantly in lymph nodes, which may resemble blood clots and in the
kidneys (usually as petechiae) and heart.
• The spleen is often large and friable.
• There may be straw-colored or blood-stained fluid in pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities, as
well as congestion of the lungs.

• https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/african-swine-fever/african-swine-fever#Clinical-Signs-and-Lesions_v
3274855
Diagnosis of ASF
• Laboratory testing
• The clinical signs can be similar to those of several other diseases, including
bacterial septicemia (eg, erysipelas and acute salmonellosis); however, the major
diagnostic problem is to distinguish ASF from classical swine fever (hog
cholera).
• Diagnosis of chronic ASF infections is problematic because the clinical signs and
lesions in chronically infected pigs are highly variable. Laboratory
confirmation is essential, and samples of blood, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes, and
tonsils, in particular, should be collected for virus isolation, detection of antigen,
or PCR testing for viral DNA.
Diagnosis of ASF
• Virus isolation is carried out in swine bone marrow or peripheral blood leukocyte
cultures, in which hemadsorption of red blood cells on the surface of the infected cells
can be demonstrated (see hemadsorption image). (There are nonhemadsorbing viral
strains that still produce a cytopathic effect in pig leukocytes.)
• Antigen detection can also be achieved by immunofluorescence staining of tissue smears,
immunodiffusion using tissue suspensions as the source of antigen, or antigen-detection
ELISA.
• Antibodies can be detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence; in acute cases of
ASF, however, the pigs may die before antibodies are produced.
• https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/african-swine-fever/african-swine-fever#Diagnosis_v3274869
Treatment, Control & Prevention of ASF

• No effective treatment
• Vaccines being trialed and licensed in some countries
• ANDALI RAPID TEST KIT FOR ASF
• Babay ASF https://www.adm.com/en-us/news/adm-stories/adm-and-babay-asf-volunteers-train-for-biosecurity-surveillance--monitoring-protocols/

• Hog repop, “Bantay ASF sa Barangay” bring swine industry


https://www.da.gov.ph/hog-repop-bantay-asf-sa-barangay-bring-swine-industry-towards-recovery/

You might also like