VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

( H.R Mahajani Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019 )

TOPIC – HYBRIDIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

PROJECT REPORT
SUBMISSION YEAR:- 2023-2024
UNDER GUIDANCE :- Dr. Sudhir.K.Bhill

 Group no. 01:-

1) Yash Mahesh Mhatre (214120036)
2) Akshay Basveshwar Bhujbal (214120009)
3) Rishikesh Subhash Kashyap (214120029)
4) Vedant Uday Gosavi (214120021)
5) Yash Shirendra MAHESHKAR (214120035)
6) Vyankatesh Santoshkumar Raut (214120051)
7) Vivek Daulat Gavali (214120017)
8) Ayush Sirhari Dubey (214120015)

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that following students,

Mr. Yash Mahesh Mhatre 214120036

Mr. Vedant Uday Gosavi 214120021
Mr. Rishikesh Subhash Kashyap 214120029
Mr. Yash Shirendra Maheshkar 214120035
Mr. Akshay Basveshwar Bhujbal 214120009
Mr. Vyankatesh Santoshkumar Raut 214120051
Mr Vivek Daulat Gavali 214120017
Mr. Ayush Srihari Dubey 214120015

Have successfully completed and submitted the project entitled,

HYBRIDISATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

For the complete fulfillment of the diploma in electrical engineering (Semester VI)

During the academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed by VJTI, Matunga, Mumbai.

Prof. Sucheta R. Yadwad Dr. Sudhir K. Bhill

Head of Department ( Electrical)

External Examiner. Internal Examiner

Date:-

Place:- STAMP

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We seem it a pleasure to acknowledge our sense of gratitude to our

project guide Prof. Sudhir K. Bhil under whom we have carried out the
Project work. Their incisive and objective guidance and timely advice
encouraged us with a constant flow of energy to continue the work. We
wish to reciprocate in full measure the guidance given by Dr. Sudhir K.
Bhil (Project Guide) who assisted with their valuable suggestions in
successfully completing the Minor Project.

Finally, we say that no height is achieved without sacrifices made at the

end and here we also owe our special debt and apologies to our parents
for showing generous support, love, care, and motivation throughout the
entire period of time.

Mr. Yash Mahesh Mhatre 214120036

Mr. Vedant Uday Gosavi 214120021
Mr. Rishikesh Subhash Kashyap 214120029
Mr. Yash Shirendra Maheshkar 214120035
Mr. Akshay Basveshwar Bhujbal 214120009
Mr. Vyankatesh Santoshkumar Raut 214120051
Mr Vivek Daulat Gavali 214120017
Mr. Ayush Srihari Dubey 214120015

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 DECLARATION

We certify that.

The work contained in this report is original and has been done by me
under the guidance of our Project Guide.

The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for the Award of
any Diploma or Certificate

We have followed the guidelines of the Institute in preparing the thesis

Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures

texts, etc.) from other sources, we have given due credit to them by
siting them in the text of the thesis and giving their details in the
references necessary.

SR.NO NAME SIGNATURE

1) Yash Mahesh Mhtare
2) Vedant Uday Gosavi
3) Rishikesh Subhash
Kahyap
4) Yash Shirendra
Maheshkar
5) Akahsy Basweshwar
Bhujbal
6) Vyankatesh
Santoshkumar Raut
7) Vivek Daulat Gavali
8) Ayush Srihari Dubey
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 ABSTRACT

The integration of renewable energy sources is crucial for achieving sustainable energy
solutions. This project explores the hybridization of three distinct renewable energy
technologies: solar panels, wind turbines, and tidal power plants. The objective is to design
and analyze a hybrid renewable energy system that maximizes energy output and reliability
by leveraging the complementary nature of these resources.

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, providing a predictable and consistent energy
source during daylight hours. Wind turbines harness wind energy, which can vary
throughout the day but often complements solar energy by producing power during cloudy
or nighttime conditions. Tidal power plants generate electricity from the gravitational pull of
the moon and sun on Earth's oceans, offering a highly predictable energy source that can
further stabilize the energy supply.

This project involves a detailed study of each technology's working principles, efficiency,
and site-specific factors influencing their performance. A comprehensive system design is
developed, incorporating energy storage solutions to balance the intermittent nature of solar
and wind power. The hybrid system aims to achieve higher reliability and efficiency by
utilizing real-time data to optimize energy production and distribution.

Simulation models are employed to evaluate the performance of the hybrid system under
various scenarios, including different geographic locations and weather conditions. The
results demonstrate the potential for increased energy security and reduced reliance on fossil
fuels through the strategic integration of solar, wind, and tidal energy.

In conclusion, this project underscores the viability of hybrid renewable energy systems as a
sustainable solution for meeting global energy demands. By combining solar, wind, and tidal
power, the proposed system enhances energy resilience and supports the transition to a low-
carbon future.

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 INDEX

SR.NO TOPICS PAGES

1. VILLAGE LAYOUT
2. NETWORK
CONNECTIONS
3. BASE OF THE PROJECT
4. BUYING OF
COMPONENTS
5. BOARD WITH
CONNECTIONS
6. CARPENTRY WORK
7. UPLIFT OF SUN MICA
8. DRILLING WORK
9. CIRCUIT DESIGNING
AND MAKING
10. CRAFTWORK
11.
PAINTING WORK
12. SOLAR
13 WIND
14 CONCLUSION

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  VILLAGE LAYOUT :-

So our entire project based on our one of the teammates actual

layout of village on which, we will be making our project named
as “hybridization of renewable energy”. So firstly we analyzed our
teammates village with the help of google maps and we also
analyzed the size of the board on which will be making project.

So as per that, by taking measurements of homes, farms, river,

mountain, hospital, shops, street roads etc.and thus we drawn
above layout of village on which will be executing solar power,
wind power plant & tidal power plant. In layout all dimensions are
in milimeters. With the help of layout of village things obviously
get easier to imagine how exactly happening,etc.

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 NETWORK CONNECTIONS:-

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  Solar panel circuit connection:-
As our project consists of a solar power plant we have used 10 solar
panels and have connected them in series in order to increase (add up)
the current which we get from each solar panel.
Then we supply the current of solar panels to the solar charging circuit
Which charges the battery which is to be meant to supply the load
distributed on solar.
 Wind dc dynamo motor circuit connection:-
Then for the wind power plant, we used a two12v DC dynamo motor.
This motor is also connected in parallel to increase the current. And then
it is supplied to the wind charging circuits which charges the battery
which is meant to supply the load distributed on solar.

There are three types of load in our project model :-

Residential load:- Houses, temple
Commercial load:- School, hospital
Street light loads:- Street lights of inner road, Street lights of highway.

In street lights load we have used LDR circuit. The function of LDR is
that when it is covered with darkness the permits the current to flow and
when its exposed to brightness it opposes current to flow.
This process symbolises that street lights are turned ON when its night
hours and turned OFF when its day time.

So basically this was the electrical network connection of our project.

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  BASE OF THE PROJECT :-

So this was our main wooden board, on which further we had done
network connections for everything as per village requirements.
For example,
Solar power plant to wind power plant connections
Solar to street lights etc.

 Solar panel circuit connection:-

As our project consists of a solar power plant we have used 10 solar
panels and have connected them in series in order to increase (add up)
the current which we get from each solar panel.
Then we supply the current of solar panels to the solar charging circuit
Which charges the battery which is to be meant to supply the load
distributed on solar.
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  Wind dc dynamo motor circuit connection:-
Then for the wind power plant, we used a two12v DC dynamo motor.
This motor is also connected in parallel to increase the current. And then
it is supplied to the wind charging circuits which charges the battery
which is meant to supply the load distributed on solar.

There are three types of load in our project model :-

Residential load:- Houses, temple
Commercial load:- School, hospital
Street light loads:- Street lights of inner road, Street lights of highway.

In street lights load we have used LDR circuit. The function of LDR is
that when it is covered with darkness the permits the current to flow and
when its exposed to brightness it opposes current to flow.
This process symbolises that street lights are turned ON when its night
hours and turned OFF when its day time.

So basically this was the electrical network connection of our project.

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  BUYING OF COMPONENTS:-
In Mumbai there's one place where
these components were available at
wholesale rate. So our group
visited Lamington road which is
located in grant road , mumbai -
400004 the photo shows that there
exists a very famous electronic
market too. We got to know about
this market from one of our
teammates' father so they addressed
us. From here we can get any
project related electronic
components that will be definitely
available here .

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Further we had conversation with 2
to 3 shopkeepers regarding our
project nd the components some of
them of shopkeepers doesn't had
that components which was
necessary to us so they suggested
one shop on which we can get
anything we want so we visited to
that shop named “GALA
ELECTRONICS” these
shop itself locates in 1st floor
opposite to local police station.
Shop details are along besides
pictures. Have a look.

So we prepared with our components list we entered and purchased them at

a very cheap rate because we doesn't buying them in bulk quantity we were
just buying them as per our need for project.

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So on the first day we bought:
1. IC’s
2. 0.5mm LED’s
3. 0.1 Microfarad capacitor
4.1k Preset
5. 1k Resistor
6.220-ohm
resistor
7. 10 Meters wire black and red
8. Potentiometer
9. Battery
10. LDR
11. Mountboard
12. Gluegun

 BOARD WITH CONNECTIONS :

After purchasing
components from the
market on that same day we
began for our project firstly
started with network
connections. It took one and
half days to complete the
entire connection only due
to the consistency of our
group.
After facing two times
failure on our third attempt

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our LED’s glown as shown
in fig.

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  CARPENTRY WORK :
Our project’s base was a wooden board on which we made connections now to
build the actual structure of a mountain village. We had decided to lift the base of
the village from the connections board. So our teammate cutted pieces of wood
in equal sizes to use as a stand.

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  UPLIFT OF SUNMICA :

Thus, we managed to find sunmica as per our requirement and further drilling
work was done at college.

 DRILLING WORK :
To pop out wires from main board, our team
firstly those 2 of sunmica overlaid at each
other and sticked them with glue kept them
dry for a while then for popping out wiring
operation has to be only done by drilling the
high grade sunmica. Thus within half n hour
drilling operation has been finally executed
with proper holes wherever required.
After drilling now again our teammates
redrawn the layout of village for further craft
work.

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  CIRCUIT DESIGNING AND MAKING:-
 Now while making these we found new ICs that we hadn't use or purchased
before so one of our teammates went to the shop again and bought new
ones. Now we also don't have that much knowledge to make circuits easily
so preferred to watch videos of it on YouTube and with the help of that we
made the very first charging circuit for our project.

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  Microfarad capacitor

A 0.1 microfarad capacitor, often denoted as 0.1 µF or 100nF, has a

capacitance of 0.1 microfarads. Capacitance is a measure of a
capacitor's ability to store electrical charge. This specific capacitor is
commonly used in electronic circuits for various applications, such as
filtering, coupling, or timing. It's important to note that the capacitance
value is marked on the capacitor using the unit microfarads (µF) or
nanofarads (nF). In the case of 0.1 µF, it is equivalent to 100
nanofarads.

 1N4007
The 1N4007 is a rectifier diode commonly used in electronic circuits. It
belongs to the 1N400x series, designed for general-purpose
rectification of power supplies. Here are some key details:
 Type:- Silicon Rectifier Diode
 Maximum Reverse Voltage:- 1000 volts
 Average Forward Current:- 1.0 ampere
 Peak Forward Surge Current:- 30 amperes
 Forward Voltage Drop (V_F):- Typically around 1.1 volts at 1A
 Reverse Leakage Current (I_R):- 5μA at 1000V
 Package:- Axial leaded through-hole package

The 1N4007 is widely used in power supply circuits for converting

alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by allowing current to
flow in one direction only. It's important to choose a diode with
appropriate specifications for your application to ensure reliable
performance.

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  LM317

The LM317 is a widely used adjustable positive voltage regulator

integrated circuit. It's designed to provide a stable and adjustable output
voltage, typically ranging from 1.25 to 37 volts. Key features include a
reference voltage source, current limiting, and thermal shutdown
protection.
Pin Configuration:-
 Pin 1: Adjust - Connects to an external resistor divider to set
the output voltage.
 Pin 2: Output - Provides the regulated output voltage.
 Pin 3: Input - Connects to the unregulated input voltage.

 Working Principle:-
The LM317 adjusts its output voltage based on the resistor network
connected to the "Adjust" pin. The internal reference voltage is 1.25
volts.

 Current Limiting:-
The LM317 incorporates current limiting to protect itself and the
connected circuit from excessive current.

 Thermal Shutdown:-
It has built-in thermal shutdown protection to prevent damage due
to excessive temperature.

 Applications:-
Commonly used in power supply circuits for electronic devices.
Voltage regulation in various electronic projects.

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  Typical Usage:-
Connect Pin 1 to a resistor divider network for setting the desired output
voltage.
Connect Pin 2 to the load, and Pin 3 to the unregulated input voltage.
It's important to review the LM317 datasheet for precise details and
specifications, as variations may exist between different manufacturers.

 1 PRESET

The term "1k preset" is a bit ambiguous without additional context. It

could refer to a variety of things, such as:

1k Preset in Electronics:- In electronics, a 1k preset could be a 1 kilohm

(1kΩ) preset resistor or potentiometer used for adjusting resistance in a
circuit.

1k Preset in Audio Equipment:- In audio equipment, a 1k preset might

be a preset equalizer setting where the frequency is set to 1 kilohertz.

1k Preset in Programming/Software:- In programming or software

development, "1k preset" could be an informal way of saying a preset
configuration or setting with a value of 1000, often used in the context
of code or configuration files.
If you have a specific context in mind, please provide more details for a
more accurate explanation.

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  RESISTOR

A resistor is an electronic component that limits the flow of electric

current. It is characterized by its resistance, measured in ohms (Ω).
Resistors are commonly used in circuits to control current, voltage, and
protect components. They come in various types, such as fixed resistors
with a constant resistance value, and variable resistors (potentiometers
or rheostats) whose resistance can be adjusted. Resistors dissipate
energy in the form of heat when current flows through them, following
Ohm's law (V=IR), where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

 CRAFTWORK :-

Firstly we pop out the wires out of the sunmica from board and did soldering
over their , then we took one wooden plank on which our mountain structure we
decided to built with the help of paper balls now here our challenge was to stand
two windmills also as of we have already stated that we gonna do hybridization
so our second power plant which is wind power plant located in mountains so
somehow with the help of glue gun we managed standing two vertical pipes, as
shown in pictures here’s how they are currently looking.

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So here,s the quick view of how its going……

 PAINTING WORK:-

Firstly our members made houses and all the craftwork stufff required for
our project. As our project based on a village so any ordinary village
contains the following things in village or nearby to village:
- Residential Houses
- Commercial shops
- Hospital
- Grampanchayat
- School
- Temple
- Highway
- Street lights

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  SOLAR:-
Our project is named species hybridization so here in Vth sem we will hybridize
solar and wind power plants. so major details for solar and wind power plants
have been neatly done in the survey analysis for the hybridization of renewable
energy. after discussions, the team has planned to purchase solar plates
depending upon our requirement for the village So the basic details and
specifications for solar plates are as follows :

So as per our requirement, we purchased a total of 10 solar plates with a total

cost of 770rs.
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A further update in the project is that, our one solar plate has ratings of 6 volts
and a current of 0.75 milliamp, after connecting 5 solar plates in parallel we are
receiving same voltage, and the current is increased to 0.375 milliampere. We
went for solar testing for 1 hour, firstly our battery had 3.75v, after discharging
battery had 1.95v. several pictures showing how exactly they connected and also
the charging circuit was tested.

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  Wind dc dynamo motor:-

 A DC dynamo motor is a device that converts mechanical energy

into electrical energy. It consists of a coil of wire rotating in a
magnetic field, generating a direct current (DC) as it spins. This
principle is based on electromagnetic induction, where a
changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the
coil. The generated DC can be used to power various electrical
devices.

 Then after this, we will assemble the switchboard and street lights
and we will be lighting the house. For this, we will be using LED
and then we will be connecting the respective load to the
batteries.

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Our project progress which we will be going to submit in 6th sem:-

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  DC DYNAMO MOTOR FOR
HARNESSING TIDAL
ENERGY:-

 A DC dynamo motor is a device that converts mechanical energy

into electrical energy. It consists of a coil of wire rotating in a
magnetic field, generating a direct current (DC) as it spins. This
principle is based on electromagnetic induction, where a
changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the
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coil. The generated DC can be used to power various electrical
devices.

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 Then the electrical energy generated by dynamo motor is
transmitted to charge the battery through the charging circuit. The
battery then charges and when battery fully charged the charging
switch is turned off and then the load dispatch switch is turned on
which supplies the energy to the load.

 On tidal power plant we have dispatched commercial load

like school, hospital, police station etc.

 The tidal power plant of our project looks like this as follows:-

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 OUR PROJECT AFTER
COMPLETEION LOOKS LIKE:-

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  Conclusion:-
 In conclusion, our project on the hybridization of renewable
energy, specifically integrating wind and solar power plants, has
been a journey of innovation and sustainability. Through
meticulous research and hands-on implementation, we have
demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of combining these
two sources.

 The synergy between wind and solar power proved to be a

robust solution, addressing the intermittency challenges
associated with each source individually. Our findings highlight
the potential for enhanced reliability and stability in the power
generation system.

 The successful integration of wind and solar technologies

showcased a balanced approach to harnessing clean energy,
contributing to a more resilient and efficient power infrastructure.
The project underscores the importance of diversifying
renewable sources to maximize energy output and minimize
environmental impact.

 As we move towards a future where sustainable energy is

paramount, the hybridization of wind and solar power stands as a
promising model. This project serves as a stepping stone,
encouraging further exploration and implementation of integrated
renewable energy systems to meet the growing global demand for
clean and reliable power. Through our collective efforts, we
aspire to pave the way for a greener and more sustainable energy
landscape.

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