Compiler Design Programs

1. Lexical Analyzer for Identifiers and Constants

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#include <string.h>

void lexicalAnalyzer(char str[]) {

int i = 0;

printf("Tokens:\n");

while (str[i] != '\0') {

if (isalpha(str[i])) {

printf("Identifier: ");

while (isalnum(str[i])) {

printf("%c", str[i++]);

printf("\n");

} else if (isdigit(str[i])) {

printf("Constant: ");

while (isdigit(str[i])) {

printf("%c", str[i++]);

printf("\n");

} else {

i++; // Skip other characters

}
 }

int main() {

char input[] = "x1 = 100 + y2;";

lexicalAnalyzer(input);

return 0;

2. Symbol Table with Basic Operations

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#define MAX 100

typedef struct {

char name[50];

int value;

} Symbol;

Symbol table[MAX];

int count = 0;

void insert(char name[], int value) {

strcpy(table[count].name, name);

table[count].value = value;
 count++;

printf("Inserted: %s = %d\n", name, value);

void delete (char name[]) {

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

if (strcmp(table[i].name, name) == 0) {

for (int j = i; j < count - 1; j++) {

table[j] = table[j + 1];

count--;

printf("Deleted: %s\n", name);

return;

printf("Not Found: %s\n", name);

void search(char name[]) {

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

if (strcmp(table[i].name, name) == 0) {

printf("Found: %s = %d\n", name, table[i].value);

return;

printf("Not Found: %s\n", name);

}
void modify(char name[], int value) {

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

if (strcmp(table[i].name, name) == 0) {

table[i].value = value;

printf("Modified: %s = %d\n", name, value);

return;

printf("Not Found: %s\n", name);

int main() {

insert("x", 10);

search("x");

modify("x", 20);

delete("x");

search("x");

return 0;

3. Lexical Analyzer Using LEX Tool

LEX File (lexer.l):

%{
#include <stdio.h>

%}

%%

[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { printf("Identifier: %s\n", yytext); }

[0-9]+ { printf("Constant: %s\n", yytext); }

. ;

%%

int main() {

yylex();

return 0;

4. Arithmetic Expression Parsing Using YACC

YACC File (parser.y):

%{

#include <stdio.h>

%}

%token NUMBER

%left '+' '-'

%left '*' '/'

expr: expr '+' expr { printf("Add\n"); }

| expr '-' expr { printf("Subtract\n"); }

| expr '*' expr { printf("Multiply\n"); }

| expr '/' expr { printf("Divide\n"); }

| NUMBER { printf("Number: %d\n", $1); }

%%

int main() {

yyparse();

return 0;

5. Valid Variable Recognition Using YACC

YACC File (var_parser.y):

%{

#include <stdio.h>

%}

%token VARIABLE

%%

stmt: VARIABLE { printf("Valid Variable: %s\n", yytext); }

%%

int main() {

yyparse();

return 0;

int yyerror(char *s) {

fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s);

return 0;

6. Native Calculator Using LEX and YACC

LEX File (calc_lexer.l):

%{

#include "y.tab.h"

%}

%%

[0-9]+ { yylval = atoi(yytext); return NUMBER; }

[+\-*/] { return yytext[0]; }

\n { return 0; }
. ;

%%

YACC File (calc_parser.y):

%{

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

%}

%token NUMBER

%left '+' '-'

%left '*' '/'

%%

stmt: expr { printf("Result = %d\n", $1); }

expr: expr '+' expr { $$ = $1 + $3; }

| expr '-' expr { $$ = $1 - $3; }

| expr '*' expr { $$ = $1 * $3; }

| expr '/' expr { $$ = $1 / $3; }

| NUMBER { $$ = $1; }

%%

int main() {
 yyparse();

return 0;

int yyerror(char *s) {

fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s);

return 0;

7. Three-Address Code Generation

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void generateTAC(char *expr) {

char op;

char t[10], temp[10];

int i = 0, k = 1;

while (expr[i]) {

if (expr[i] == '+' || expr[i] == '-' || expr[i] == '*' || expr[i] == '/') {

op = expr[i];

sprintf(t, "t%d", k++);

sprintf(temp, "%c = %c %c %c", t[0], expr[i - 1], op, expr[i + 1]);

printf("%s\n", temp);

expr[i - 1] = t[0];
 memmove(expr + i, expr + i + 2, strlen(expr) - i - 1);

i -= 2;

i++;

int main() {

char expr[100] = "a+b*c";

printf("Three-Address Code:\n");

generateTAC(expr);

return 0;

8. Simple Type Checker

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void checkTypes(char *stmt) {

char var[10], type[10], value[10];

sscanf(stmt, "%s %s = %s;", type, var, value);

if (strcmp(type, "int") == 0 && !isdigit(value[0])) {

printf("Error: Expected integer for variable '%s'\n", var);

} else if (strcmp(type, "float") == 0 && !strchr(value, '.')) {

} else {

printf("Type-check passed for '%s'\n", var);

int main() {

checkTypes("int x = 42;");

checkTypes("float y = 3.14;");

checkTypes("int z = 'a';");

return 0;

9. Code Optimization Example

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void optimizeCode(char *code) {

if (strstr(code, "x = x + 0;")) {

printf("Optimization: Remove '%s'\n", code);

return;

printf("No optimization needed.\n");

}
int main() {

optimizeCode("x = x + 0;");

return 0;

10. Machine Code Generation

#include <stdio.h>

void generateMachineCode(char *expr) {

printf("Input Expression: %s\n", expr);

printf("Machine Code:\n");

printf("LOAD %c\n", expr[0]);

printf("ADD %c\n", expr[2]);

printf("STORE %c\n", expr[4]);

int main() {

generateMachineCode("a+b=c");

return 0;

11. Pattern Recognition with YACC

YACC File (pattern_parser.y):

#include <stdio.h>

%}

%token PATTERN

%%

stmt: PATTERN { printf("Valid Statement: %s\n", yytext); }

| error { printf("Invalid Pattern\n"); }

%%

int main() {

yyparse();

return 0;

LEX File (pattern_lexer.l):

%{

#include "y.tab.h"

%}

%%

[A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]{5} { return PATTERN; }

. { return yytext[0]; }

%%