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DISS-Report-Group-1

The document discusses institutionalism and its significance in society, highlighting the distinction between formal and informal institutions. It also explores feminist theory, detailing its evolution through three waves and various types of feminist movements aimed at achieving gender equality and addressing oppression. Additionally, it defines gender ideology and gender inequality, emphasizing the systemic biases that favor men over women.

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14 views11 pages

DISS-Report-Group-1

The document discusses institutionalism and its significance in society, highlighting the distinction between formal and informal institutions. It also explores feminist theory, detailing its evolution through three waves and various types of feminist movements aimed at achieving gender equality and addressing oppression. Additionally, it defines gender ideology and gender inequality, emphasizing the systemic biases that favor men over women.

Uploaded by

glop glop
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A REPO RT B Y G RO UP 1

Institutionalized
and Gender
Sensitive Society
towards Equality
Institutionalism Institutionalism is an approach aligned to methods
and approaches in political science that has
significance in society. This implied as to the
regulations, orders, and systems. The aforesaid
approaches vary mostly in the interpretation of
institutions, in their subject, the logic of motive, and in
the ideas, they accord with development. Through
this, institutions can be explained as any formal
management set up and design to emulate behavior,
function, and regulation.
North(1990) Hall(1986)

An institution is any kind of constraint that He explained that, institutions as the formal
manmade to form action. This may relate to regulation, conformity, operation, and
formal constraints like regulation, or standard operating practices that constitution
informal constraints like practice, standard, the relation of persons in different areas in
or label of behavior the civil order and economy
March & Olsen

Stressed that the primary effect of institutions in political affairs


based on the reality that they are an accumulation of interconnected
regulation and procedures that determine the right actions in
dealings of functions and situations.
Formal and Informal Institution
F OR MA L I NSTI TU TI O N I NFO RM AL INST IT UT I ON

a structured system of rules that are • An informal institution is a socially


created and enforced by an authority, shared rule or norm that is not
such as the government officially sanctioned. Informal
institutions are often based on
tradition and customs,
Feminist Theory

• Feminism is primarily a Western concept that challenges the perception of


women as inferior to men, who have historically been confined to traditional
roles like housewives and denied education and legal rights. According to
Deborah Madsen, feminism advocates for women's status in society and
addresses issues of gender oppression. Feminist theory focuses on
understanding the constraints that dominate women and seeks to promote
their freedom. Ultimately, feminism fights against societal prejudice and aims
to achieve justice and eliminate all forms of sexism.
Three Waves of feminism
• First-Wave Feminism: This wave is primarily focused securing women's right to vote, also known
as suffrage, and gaining basic legal rights like property ownership
• Second-Wave Feminism:started in the 1960s, It expanded beyond suffrage to address a broader
range of issues, including reproductive rights, workplace discrimination, and sexual liberation. It
challenged traditional gender roles and societal norms that limited women's opportunities.
• Third-Wave Feminism: Emerging in the 1960s and flourishing in the 21st century, third-wave (or
post-) feminism examined the connections between language and gender, challenged women's
discrimination in publishing, and highlighted multiculturalism and competition. It directly confronted
the dominance of white feminism, advocating for broader societal awareness of issues impacting
women of diverse backgrounds. A key 1980s protest underscored the importance of class, race,
culture, and sexuality in shaping women's identities.
The Types of Feminist Movement
I. Liberal Feminism- Gender equality, equal rights regarding legal matters, education and work
opportunities.
II. Socialist Feminist- Private and public aspects of women were given focus.
III. Anarchy Feminism- Resist patriarchy, state power, and class divisions
IV. Radical Feminism – Aims to end patriarchy and create a society that is free of gender inequality
V. Equality Feminism- Equal treatment of male and female sexes
VI. Amazon Feminism- Female physical power as a means to achieve the goal of gender equality.
VII. Postcolonial Feminism- Deals with the topics like racism, colonialism and its cultural, economic
and political effects on the society that explore some particular gender realities of nonwhite and
non-western women
Types of Feminist Movement
VIII. Marxist Feminism- Women should be given freedom to work, and should get equal wages for
their work at the workplace.

IX. Cyber Feminism- Sets of practices that deal with feminist interactions and acts in cyberspace.
X. Individualist Feminism- - Emphasizes on the transformation of the legal system in order to
eliminate the inequality

XI. Lesbian Feminism- Deals with the issues related to lesbian and women in the society
XII. Separatist Feminism- to create women-centered communities that are separate from male-
dominated institutions, relationships, and roles
XIII. Eco-Feminism- to achieve gender equality and environmental sustainability by challenging
patriarchal and capitalist systems
Types of Feminist Movement
XIV. Difference Feminism- to achieve equality between men and women by recognizing and
valuing the inherent differences between genders

XV. Black Feminism- - Liberation of black women from all oppressions


Gender Ideology and Gender inequality
Feminists see "gender ideology" as a system where society, dominated by men,
views women as inferior. This ideology shapes masculine and feminine
behaviors and roles, distinct from biological sex and individual gender identity.
On the Other han Feminists define "gender inequality" as the denial of rights and
freedoms to women and girls, arguing that traditional biases favor men. These
rights include marital, parental, and religious rights, as well as legal, economic,
and political equality.

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