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Indigenous Social Sciences focuses on understanding the cultural traditions of indigenous peoples, addressing the inadequacies of Western methods in interpreting their experiences. In the Philippines, movements like Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pilipinolohiya, and Pantayong Pananaw aim to indigenize social science knowledge by centering Filipino perspectives and values. These approaches emphasize the importance of cultural context in psychology, societal studies, and historical discourse, while also facing criticism for their methodologies and potential exclusivity.

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6 views10 pages

module-4

Indigenous Social Sciences focuses on understanding the cultural traditions of indigenous peoples, addressing the inadequacies of Western methods in interpreting their experiences. In the Philippines, movements like Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pilipinolohiya, and Pantayong Pananaw aim to indigenize social science knowledge by centering Filipino perspectives and values. These approaches emphasize the importance of cultural context in psychology, societal studies, and historical discourse, while also facing criticism for their methodologies and potential exclusivity.

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FILIPINO’ S

SO CIA L
INDIGENOUS IDE AS
Indigenous Social Sciences is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the scholarly
and cultural traditions of indigenous peoples. It seeks to develop a respectful and
accurate understanding of their history, language, health, economy, activism, society,
spirituality, and environmental knowledge.
A crisis of indigenization in the social sciences arises from the failure of social
scientists to interpret social phenomena from the perspective of indigenous people.
Many existing methods and explanations are rooted in Western civilization, making
them inadequate for studying non-Western cultural experiences.
To address this, social scientists have begun the process of indigenizing Social Science
knowledge by contextualizing theories and methods based on native cultural
experiences. In the Philippines, this movement is reflected in Sikolohiyang Pilipino,
Pilipinolohiya, and Pantayong Pananaw—approaches that center Filipino culture
and perspectives in academic studies.
SIKOLOHIYANG
PILIPINO
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
Sikolohiyang Pilipino emerged in the 1960s as a response to the
inadequacy of Western psychology in understanding Filipino culture.
Virgilio Enriquez, its founder, defined it as the study of diwa (psyche),
focusing on Filipino emotions (kalooban), awareness (ulirat),
understanding (isip), behavior (diwa), and soul (kaluluwa).
It led to the development of indigenous research methods,
psychological testing, and educational reforms. Zeus Salazar
identified four filiations of Philippine Psychology:
1. Academic-Scientific Psychology – Western psychology in
universities.
2. Academic-Philosophical Psychology – Rooted in Thomistic
philosophy.
3. Ethnic Psychology – Integrates indigenous Filipino psychology.
4. Psycho-Medical System – Merges psychology with religion.
The movement opposes colonial influences and promotes Sikolohiyang
Malaya, which fights against the exploitation of Filipino identity.
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
Virgilio Enriquez (1985, 1992) identified the key foundations
of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, which include empirical,
rational, and progressive philosophies influenced by
Filipino heroes and ethnic psychology. It emphasizes
Filipino identity, national consciousness, social
awareness, and the role of psychology in various fields
like health, art, and media. Enriquez sought to free Filipino
psychology from Western dominance, making it more
relevant to Filipino needs. He criticized the
misrepresentation of Filipino values by foreign scholars
who lacked cultural immersion, leading to distorted
portrayals in education. To counter this, Filipino
researchers redefined values like utang na loob, hiya,
pakikisama, and bahala na using a Filipino perspective.
However, critics argue that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is too
reactive to Western psychology and lacks clear
methodological foundations for developing applicable
theories.
PILIPINOLOHIYA
PILIPINOLOHIYA
Pilipinolohiya, introduced by Prospero R. Covar, is
the systematic study of Filipino values, culture, and
society from a Filipino perspective. It is an
interdisciplinary field that analyzes language, arts,
films, philosophy, religion, and native practices to
strengthen Filipino identity. The study promotes the
use of the Filipino language in education and aims to
understand the Philippines through history,
contemporary issues, and humanities like music,
art, and literature. It also examines the experiences of
Overseas Filipinos and their cultural adaptation.
Although the course title was changed to Araling
Pilipino/Filipino, proponents believe that the
indigenization and transformation of knowledge
will persist in universities despite the lack of formal
institutional support.
PA NT AY ONG
PA NA NA W
PANTAYONG PANANAW
Pantayong Pananaw, developed by Zeus Salazar at the
University of the Philippines-Diliman, is a historiographical
approach that promotes a culturally sensitive perspective
in studying Philippine history. It emphasizes talastasang
bayan (public discourse) and fosters a closed circuit of
interaction between academic discussions and indigenous
knowledge. The term "pantayo" differentiates from "kami,"
signifying a shared linguistic and cultural identity among
Filipinos. It integrates ethnic communities into a national
identity without erasing their unique cultural perspectives.
However, critics argue that its strict use of Filipino as the
language of discourse leads to linguistic essentialism,
limiting inclusivity and neglecting the substance of historical
narratives. Despite this, Pantayong Pananaw remains
influential in Philippine historiography and identity formation.
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