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PART B - SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS

Unit-1: Revisiting AI Project Cycle &
Ethical Frameworks for AI
Question-Answer

Q1. What is the purpose of data exploration in the AI project cycle?

Ans.: Data exploration is the process of analysing data to discover patterns and
gain insights using data visualization methods like graphs. It simplifies complex
data, helps in selecting AI models and makes it easy to communicate insights to
others
Q2. What role does Natural Language Processing (NLP) play in AI?
Ans.: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of AI that focuses on enabling
computers to understand and process human language (spoken or written). NLP
allows AI systems to interact with humans in a natural way, making them more
user-friendly and versatile
Q3. How does rights-based ethics differ from utility-based ethics?
Ans.: Rights-based ethics prioritize individual rights and freedoms, while utility-
based ethics focus on maximizing overall well-being and happiness for the greatest
number of people, often leading to different ethical conclusions
Q4. What is the significance of non-maleficence in healthcare?
Ans.: In healthcare, non-maleficence, meaning "do no harm," is a fundamental
ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of avoiding actions that could
cause harm or suffering to patients, ensuring their safety and well-being.
Q5. What is bioethics in the context of AI?
Ans.: Bioethics is a field of applied ethics that examines ethical, social, and legal
issues arising from advances in biology, medicine, and healthcare.
In the context of AI, bioethics focuses on the ethical implications of AI
technologies, particularly in areas like healthcare, ensuring responsible
development and deployment that respects human values and well-being.
Q6. How do bioethical principles apply when AI is used in fields like healthcare
and life sciences?
Ans. When AI is used in healthcare and life sciences, bioethical principles like
beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice must be considered to
ensure responsible and ethical AI development and deployment.
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The Core Bioethical Principles are as follows:

Beneficence (Maximum Benefits):

AI systems should be designed and used to benefit patients and society, aiming to
improve health outcomes and well-being.
Non-maleficence (Do not harm):
AI applications should prioritize avoiding harm to patients and not cause
unnecessary risks or complications.
Autonomy:
Patients should have the right to make informed decisions about their care,
including the use of AI technologies, and should be able to consent or refuse
treatment based on their preferences.

Justice:

AI systems should be designed and used equitably, ensuring that all individuals
have access to the benefits of AI in healthcare and that no group is unfairly
disadvantaged or discriminated against.

Q7. What is the AI Project Cycle?

Ans.: The AI project cycle is the cyclical process followed to complete an AI project.

The AI Project Cycle mainly has 6 stages:

Problem Data
Evaluation
Scoping Exploration

Data Deployment
Modelling
Acquisition

1. Problem Scoping: In this stage problem is clearly identified, and a vision

for addressing the same is developed.

2. Data Acquisition: This stage involves gathering raw data, which is essential

for referencing or performing alaysis that will guide the project.

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3. Data Exploration: This stage involves analysig large volumes of data to

uncover meaningful patterns trends and relationship using various data
visualization and statistical techniques.
4. Modelling: It involves identifying and defining the relationships between
different data entities, ensuring that the AI model can understand the
connections and dependencies within the data.
5. Evaluation: This is the testing stage of AI project cycle where the model’s
performance is evaluated to ensure it meets the predefined goals and
requirements.
6. Deployment: In this phase, the best-performing model is seamlessly
integrated into t production environment.
Q8. Explain Domains of AI with example.

Ans.: Artificial Intelligence comprises three key domains:

Domains of AI

Natural Language
Statical Data Computer Vision
Processing

1. Statical Data: It focuses on the collection, management analysis, and

interpretation of data systems and processes. Example: Recommendation
system and Price comparison website.
2. Computer Vision: It empowers computers to interpret, analyse and
understand an image or a video by collecting information from pixels.
Example: Self Driven Car, Face Lock system.
3. Natural Language Processing: It focuses on enabling machines to
understand, analyse, and interact with humans through natural language.
Example: Chatbot, Email Filter, Virtual Assistance.
Q9. What do you understand by Ethical Framework? Describe its types.

Ans.: Ethical frameworks are frameworks which help us ensure that the choices

we make do not cause unintended harm.

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Types of Ethical Framework:

Ethical Framework for AI

Sector Based Value Based

Bioethics Rights Utility Virtue

1. Sector Based: These are frameworks tailored to specific sectors or

industries.

(i) Bioethics: It deals with ethical issues related to health, medicine,

and biological sciences.

2. Value Based: Value-based frameworks focus on fundamental ethical

principles and values.

(i) Rights: Prioritizes the protection of human rights and dignity,

valuing human life over other considerations.

(ii) Utility: These frameworks evaluate actions focusing on

maximizing overall good or minimizing harm.

(iii) Virtue: This framework focuses on the character and intentions

of the individuals involved in decision-making.

Q10. Explain any two applications of Statical Data.

Ans.
1. Recommendation system: Recommendation systems use statistical data
to suggest personalized content to users.
2. Price Comparison Websites: Price comparison websites are platforms that
allow user to compare prices of products or services offered by multiple
sellers.
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Q11. What is the use of problem statement template with respect to 4Ws of

problem scoping?

Ans.: Problem statement template is a structured format to articulate the problem

clearly. It ensures that the problem is well-defined and understood by all

stakeholders.

Problem Statement Template with respect to 4Ws canvas:

1. Who:
(i) Who are the stakeholders?
(ii) What do we know about them?
2. What:
(i) What is the problem?
(ii) How do you that it is a problem? (is there an evidence?)
3. Where:
(i) What is the context/situation the stakeholders experience this problem?
(ii) Where is the problem located?
4. Why:
(i) What would hold value for the stakeholders?
(ii) How will the solution improve their situation?

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