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Chapter 4 discusses basic nodal and mesh analysis techniques for analyzing electrical circuits using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). It explains how to assign voltages to nodes and currents to meshes, and provides examples of applying these methods to solve circuit problems. The chapter emphasizes the importance of organized methods for handling complex circuits and includes practical applications of the analysis techniques.

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Ch4LectureSlides

Chapter 4 discusses basic nodal and mesh analysis techniques for analyzing electrical circuits using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). It explains how to assign voltages to nodes and currents to meshes, and provides examples of applying these methods to solve circuit problems. The chapter emphasizes the importance of organized methods for handling complex circuits and includes practical applications of the analysis techniques.

Uploaded by

mashnabsafdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Basic Nodal and


Mesh Analysis

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1 reproduction or display.
 as circuits get more complicated, we need an
organized method of applying KVL, KCL, and
Ohm’s
 nodal analysis assigns voltages to each node,
and then we apply KCL
 mesh analysis assigns currents to each mesh,
and then we apply KVL

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reproduction or display. 2
 assign voltages to every node relative to a
reference node

 in this example, there are three nodes

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 as the bottom node, or
 as the ground connection, if there is one, or
 a node with many connections

 assign voltages relative to reference


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reproduction or display. 4
Apply KCL to node 1 ( Σ out = Σ in) and
Ohm’s law to each resistor:
v1 v1 − v 2
+ = 3.1
2 5

Note: the current flowing out of


node 1 through the 5 Ω resistor is

v1-v2= i5
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reproduction or display. 5
Apply KCL to node 2 ( Σ out = Σ in) and
Ohm’s law to each resistor:
v 2 v 2 − v1
+ = −(−1.4)
1 5
We now have two equations for
the two unknowns v1 and v2 and
 can solve.

[ v1 = 5 V and v2= 2V]

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reproduction or display. 6
Find the current i in the circuit.

Answer: i = 0 (since v1=v2=20 V)


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Determine the power
supplied by the
dependent source.

Key step: eliminate i1


from the equations
using v1=2i1

Answer: 4.5 kW
Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
reproduction or display. 8
What is the current through a voltage source
connected between nodes?
We can eliminate the need for
introducing a current variable by
applying KCL to the supernode.

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•Apply KCL at Node 1.
•Apply KCL at the supernode.
•Add the equation for the voltage
source inside the supernode.

v1 − v 3 v1 − v 2
+ = −3 − 8
4 3
v 2 v 2 − v1 v 3 v 3 − v1
+ + + = −(−25) − (−3)
1 3 5 4
v 3 − v 2 = 22

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Find i1

Answer: i1 = - 250 mA.

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 a mesh is a loop which does not contain any
other loops within it
 in mesh analysis, we assign currents and solve
using KVL
 assigning mesh currents automatically ensures
KCL is followed
 this circuit has four meshes:

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reproduction or display. 12
Mesh currents

Branch currents
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Apply KVL to mesh 1 Apply KVL to mesh 2
( Σ drops=0 ): ( Σ drops=0 ):

-42 + 6i1 +3(i1-i2) = 0 3(i2-i1) + 4i2 -10 = 0

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Determine the power supplied by the 2 V
source.
Applying KVL to the meshes:

−5 + 4i1 + 2(i1 − i2) − 2 = 0

+2 + 2(i2 − i1) + 5i2 + 1 = 0

Solve: i1=1.132 A, i2 = −0.1053 A.

Answer: 2.474 W Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
reproduction or display. 15
Follow each mesh
clockwise

Simplify

Solve the equations:


i1 = 3 A, i2 = 2 A, and i3 = 3 A.

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What is the voltage across a current source in
between two meshes?
We can eliminate the need for
introducing a voltage variable
by applying KVL to the
supermesh formed by joining
mesh 1 and mesh 3.

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reproduction or display. 17
Apply KVL to mesh 2:
1(i2 − i1) + 2i2 + 3(i2 − i3) = 0

Apply KVL supermesh 1/3:


-7 +1(i1 − i2) + 3(i3 − i2) +1i3 = 0

Add the current source:


7 =i1 − i3

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Find the currents.

Key step:
vx
= i3 − i1
9

Answer: i1 = 15 A , i2 = 11 A, and i3 = 17 A
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 use the one with fewer equations, or
 use the method you like best, or
 use both (as a check), or
 use circuit simplifying methods from the
next chapter

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reproduction or display. 20

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