, 3. i-3 5 sin 24 = cos 24 = Sp 2 pee 2519125) 4 Raa = 22h A 24 I-tan? A 7 ( sin2A _24 25 _ 24) (or dividing, eas a 24 7 _ 336 sin 44 = 2 sin 24 c0s 24 = 2.x Soxso= oe DRI Prove ene @ tan x, x €1 or III quad. (ii) tan A— cot. cot 2A.a a oa ISC Mathenais Ch 514 RE Help Line Sole Lcos2x _1=(1=2ssin’x) _ 2sin?x _ 42, a formu wen Tessar Oar eS 08 2 which cay i ad. A= e062 Jean xe |tan |= tnx, since tanx is +vein I and II qu 1+ cos2x that a2 0. Maths Alert! Vx = |.x].We cannot write Ya? = a unless we already know (@) eae in?A — cos*A Help Line as G Soin sin = comrA cosA sin A. 1. Take minus common from the numerator render it in the proper 2. Multiply numerator ang denominator by 2 to hag ae 2 cos A sin A in the denor A z [Dividing throughout byeos Ay 1 tan tands°-+ tan ® A 5 = tan 45° 4) Right side [Note this step} ~ tands-tan® Prove that tan(®+8) +ean( ai ; 1-tan= a £48) tn 2 Solution: Left side = tan{ 7+ wae 2 a 2 2 6 (1+n8) +(1-un$) 2{ t+? 2) ; 2, SE Ne 2) ep 728600 = Right side [By formula 29 cos6 1-tan? — 2x Ch 5-15 [Using, si x = sin@ = Right si 7 SinO = Right side Method II. Using formula (9), we get, Let side = sin Prove i 2+2cos 86 x sin @ immediately. ene ——= + 2+ /2+2 cos 89 =2c0s0, where oe 2+ [2+ 2 @ cos? 40) 201+ cos 40) Solution:L.H.S. V2+2c0s28 = \2(1 + cos 28) 2-(2cos* @) = V4cos? 0 = 2 Icos 8 | = 2cos 0as @ <|—=, =| cos @ > 0 = |cos0| = cos0. 88 UTA, show that cos 4 cos 24 cos 34 = 1. Solution: We have cos 34 = cos (n — 44) cos 44 [x = 74, given => 34 LHS. = cos A cos 24 cos 34 =~ cos A cos 24 cos 44 2 sin A cos A cos 2A cos 4A, —— ness, (Multiplying num. and den. by 2 sin A (Note this step)] 2sinA sin2A cos 2A cos4A __ sin4Acos4A 2sin A asin A sin 8A, sin(t +A) =sinA 1 sin(n+A) = RHS. ode ms Mon 8sinA 8sinA 8sinA 8 a es ae an On Ae PEEETINERY Prove that cos 5 cos cos 5 cos oma . x Solution: Suppose a = 5. Let © = cos a cos 2a cos 3a cos 4a. and Ss CS = (sin a cos a) (sin 2a cos 2a) (sin 3a cos 32) (sin 4a. cos 4a) sin o. sin 2a sin 3a sin 4a, Then,MISC Mathomaicg Ch 5-16 Bic 1 sin 8a = | in aa, 4 sin da zane: 2 B 3a and 6a.=* Bt oa = ©, ie, a= meee abe $ 6a sin (8-30) sin 8a = sin (x a) = sin a and sin cs = © sin2a sin 4a sin 3a. sin 2 = cs- 1 sac-4 (2840) Example 2 TLSEZY Prove that 3 a (0 cos? A + cos? (4 +1209) + cos" (A= 120°) = 2 ng Oe (cost © + cont cost E reat 5-9 ity, change them into sines [Help Line. If squares or powers of squares of sine and cosine apPEaTD 7 een and cong of multiples of angles by using the formulas 2 sin? @= 1 — ¢0s 20 and 2 cos” 120°)] Solution: (i) L.H.S. [2 cos? A + 2 cos? (A + 120°) + 2 cos? (A ~ 1 [1 + cos 24 + {1+ cos 2 (A + 120°)} + {1+ 608 24 — 120°)}] [1+ cos 24 + 1 + c0s (24 + 240") + 1 + c0s (24 ~ 240°)] [3 + cos 24 + cos (24 + 240°) + cos (24 - 240°)] [3 + cos 24 +2 cos 24 cos 240°} (Using cos (A + B) + cos (A - B) = 2 c0s A cas B+ 008 24 +2008 24 (-5)] [cos 240° = cos (180° + 60°) = ~ cos 60° at 2 1 2 1 2 i 2 1 2 2 2 1 7 [3+ cos 24 — cos 24] Gi) LHS. 3)? 2 of (s0e-3)' +c 38) «(co $8) (cot 78)Compound and Mullple Angles oy STE enetamee = et? psin@ae) (Remember this result) [BODIE Prove that cos 6 cos 20 cos 49... cos 2-49 = 2"(sind)” Solution: [Note. Here, each angle is double of the preceding angle.] L LHS. = sino: (7 sin © cos 6) cos 20 . cos 40 ... cos 27! 0 9. (7 sin 20 cos 20) . [cos 40 ... cos 2"! 6] - (2 sin 48 cos 48) . [cos 80 cos 160 ... cos 2"! 6] a (2 sin 80 cos 86) . [cos 160 ... cos 2”! 9] See eer ee(ai0) peop a neato cna len Remark, You can use the above result o prove the following identities: an (@ cos A cos 24 cos 44 cos 84 = ue nA (i cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80° = x 1 {[Hint, Putting cos 60° = — aD Lis. = 1 [email protected]%)] __sint60° _ sin(180°-20%) __sin20° ay ‘ 2| 2°sin20° | 16sin 20: 16sin20°—16sin20° 16 ae , 4t , 8H Ide 1 = cos = cos = cos SE = + ur (ii cos Ecos TE cos 5 cos TE = 7) sin 16 16 sin a in(Sa+a) __sin(x+a) _ 16sina 16sina Sn (iv) sin © sin © sin 5 Mo eats haenra)cei14) 2oh Be 5.8, TRIPLE-ANGLE FORMULAE Vo prove that sind XU sin d= sin! A OHM = cos Ad cos A *A tanga = Sandton 1 3tan’A A . cos 2A sin Solution: sin 34 = sin (24 + 4) = sin 24 cos A + cos 24 sit 2 sin A cos A cos A+ (1-28 ays’ 2 sin A (1 ~ sin? A) + sin A ~2 sin =O 808 34 = cos (2A + A) = £08 24 cos A - sin 24 SHE (2 cos! A ~ 1) cos A ~ @ sin A cos 4) si0 1) cos A ~ 2 608-4 (I~ cos" A) = tan 34 = tan (24 + A) sin A 4 sin? A 4 cos? A -3 008.4 tana ‘5.6, ONE-THIRD ANGLE FORMULAE Replacing 4 by 4 inthe formulas for 34, we obtain the following relations (O sin d= 3 sin (4) = 4 sin? (4) (i) cos A= 4 cos? (4) ae (3) pa Tl ae 4 1~3tan’| Stan’ §) 1. Mlustrations. @ cos 81° = 4 cos* 27° — 3 cos 27° Stan 15° ~ tan 15° tan qge = SS tant . 1 Stan 15° (i>) 8 cos? 20° ~ 6 cos 20° = 2 (4 cos? 20° — 3 cos 20°) (i sin 64 = 3 sin 24 ~ 4 sin’ 24 = 205 3 20") =2 cos 60°= 2 4 ci RSE Prove that 16 cos* 6-20 cos? 0+ 5 cos 6 = cos 50, Solution: R.H.S. = cos 50 = cos (38 +20) = cos 30 . cos 20 sin 30 . sin 20 (4 cos'0 ~ 3 c0s 0) (2 cos'0 ~ 1) ~ G sin 8 ~ 4 sin'0) 2 sin @ cos 6) @ cos'0 — 4 cos'® — 6 c0s°0 + 3 cos 8 )— (6 sin? 0 — 8 sin*@) cos 6 (® cos"0 — 10 cox?0 + 3 cos 0) ~ [6 (1 ~cos6)- 8 (1 — cox} cos © 8 cos* — 10 cos? 8 +3 cos 8~(-2 + 10 cos? 0 ~ 8 cos*9) cos 0 8 cos" 0 — 10 cos? 0 + 3.con 8 +2 cos 0-10 cos%8-+ 8 cos'9 16 cos* © ~ 20 cos’ 8 +5 cos 0= LHS, PEEIIERA Prove that pened (sin 34 = 4 sin A sin (60° — 4) sin tn ain © ak 2® sin 5 sin sin (0" +4), Hence deduce that 9: Soy- ‘compound and Multiple Anges - . cn 519 Solution: (i) Right side = 4 sin A {sin® 60° — sin? A) = 4 sin A ( 3~4sin? 4) 4 = 3sin A~4 sin’ A = sin 3A = Left side (ii) We have proved above that ame Pe an (50.4) sin (2-4) 4sinA ( sin3A, 4 Putting A ~ inthe above relation, we et mn) (x x & om) 2) sin()sin(=+2)sin(®—*) - 1 ia(? (3) G ) n( 2 3 a" (g 2n) (1) ig ® 9) ~ a} (3)~(3)-()3 an _ 3 PREITY Prove that cos 6 + cos (120° + 6) + cos @— 120°) Hence deduce that cos? @ + cos’ (120° + 6 ) + cos? (8 ~ 120°) = 3 cos 38. Solution:L.H1.5.= cos 0 + cos (120° + 8) + cos (8 ~ 120°) cos 0 + cos 120° cos 6 — sin 120° sin @ + cos @ cos 120° + sin 0 sin 120° = cos + 2 cos 120° cos 0 = cos 0 + 2 cos (180° 60°) cos @ = cos 8 — 2 cos 60° cos 0 RHS. = cos 0-2 () cos 0 = cos 0 ~ cos 0 = Now let a = cos 0, b = cos (120° + 0), c = cos (0 ~ 120°) » a+b+c=0 a+b +c) =3abe. [From algebra] => cos? @ + cos’ (120° + 8) + cos? (8 ~ 120°) = 3 cos @ . cos (120° + 0) cos (@ ~ 120°) 3 cos 6 (cos* @ — sin® 120°) [ «> cos (A + B) cos (A ~ B) = cos? A — sin? B] ! 3 Ee sjcos 0) (cos? o-3) {re sin 120° = sin (180° — 60°) = sin 60° = 3 = 3 (4.cos* @— 3 cos 8) = cos 30. 4 4 5.7. TRIGONOMETRICAL RATIOS OF SUB-MULTIPLE ANGLES Half angle formulae By formula (22), G0)7 | | Ch 5-20 G1) Similarly, cos 4 + 2 By the quotient relation tan A =+ Similarly, ear mst eres 2 T+ 008A The sign on the right hand sides of the formulas (30), (31) and (32) will be determined by the quadrant in which the angle 1—cos2A. a eae ) A Flies Aid to Memory! 4 [Eesos(double angle) 2 Pony eer oe) Find cos 7. cos (any angle) Solution: cos 3. cos ( (2-3) ) =-cos 2 nee mee Eee the value of cos 315°, find the values of sin 157 + © and cos 157 ie Solution: As 1572" ies in the second quadrant, 0 its snes postive and cosine negative 1Is7=2 2. A = 315°. a (E22)Conc AS 5.8. RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES (BSD Fina the vatues of 1 in 2240 1 @sin22 5 i costs (i) tan 22 > af te 1 (oy sin 75 ©) cos 75° @) tan 4 2 i- Solution: (i) sin? seek Taking A cnt, we have, 1 122! pa = treosas? V2 _V2-1_ 2-12 _ 2-2 2 2 2 Wr wWaxd2 4 Ny Bi sin225° = 2N@-WP), since sin 22-° is ve, L+cos2A (i Similarly, find out the value of cos nie by using cos? 4 You will obtain 2 cos 225 Herd, 2tan® (i) tan 0 = 2 2x1 As nie is an angle in the first quadrant, so tan aie is positive. a L F, ie, tan 22° = J - 1. tan 5, ie, tan 225° = V3 1 as You can also find out tan 22° by putting ‘ sin224° tan 22—° = 2 [See solved Ex. 1 on page 4]Ch 5-22 2 iE i ince sin 7° is + ve 1, _ leeosts?_1 | V3+1 4y2 You will obtain [See Solved Ex 1 on oi = ~ (240+ (W2+ 4-22 = 2+) + (C2 Vea = - 2+ 43422. Va-22 = 3 +1)+ (Ose) = - W2+n+Vi2-62 482-8 = i++ lara = toe ~(2+1)+V442N2. PEETINEEY Prove that Oun7 V2-V3—V4+ V6 = (3-2) (2-1), Wet 8+ BENE = (8 A+), 1° _ sin (A) tan 7 SS Solution: (i) 2” cos 2sin? Fens = W2-V3-1_ 2-5-3 +) ie eee‘Compound and Multiple Angles — 2N6+2V2 BA _b-2Vis 2-4 2 2=V2-V3- 446 0 V3(/2 ~1)- V2(V2-1) = (V3) (V2) Gi) cot 7 = S872 __ eos? 74° 1 cosise 2 2sin7F cos7e sinis® ‘Now proceed as in (i) above, 5.9. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF 18°, 36°, 54° AND 72° (0 Fratios of 18° Let A = 18° => 54=90° = 24 = 90°34 = sin24 = sin(90°-34)= cos 34 => 2sinAcosd = 4¢08) 4-3 cos = 2sind = 4cos'4-3 = 2sind = 4(1—sin’ A)-3=> 4 sin? A +2 sind — > sina Now, cos 18° = + i—sin?18° (Only + sign is taken before the square root as cos 18° is positive.) cos 18° = (=) BS cos ge «0S sini8? V5 tan 18° = ee alice as vio+2N5 4 4 cot ge = WANS sccige=—_4 cose 19°= —4 V5-1 vio+ 25 “5 (ii) Tratios of 36° Let A = 36° => SA=180° => 24=180°-34 sin2d = sin(180°-34)=sin 34 > 2sin A cos A 3 sin A—4 sin? A = 2eosd = 3-4sin°A > 200s A 3-4 (1 cos? A) = 4 cos’ A-2 cos A 24V4+16 _V5+1. -V541 = cosA = eS 8g 4 4 But cos A, ie. cos 36° cannot be negative, therefore rejecting we have [As 4 = 18°, so cos. 4 #0) Ce sind #0)Ch 5.24 Now «| unser) CVOE2VS epee st pel TS go 1o-2v5 ‘Now sin 36°, tan 36°, etc. can be found as above. (iii) T-ratios of 54° and 72° 54° and 72° are complements of 36° and 18° respectively. sin 54° = sin (90°-36*) = cos 36°= vio+2V5 Similarly, sin 72° = cos 18°= 7"; cos 1, Evaluate: (@ 2sin 15° cos 15° (if) 1-2 sin? 22.5° (ii) 2 cos? 157.5°-1 loot olcgaatn a Suawala es nook @) cost Doin) am i) con ain 2tan22— 2 x Cot) soars IS) tan’ a 2, Find the values of sin 20, cos 20, and tan 26, given : © sin @= 2, @ in Quadrant @ sine 3.6 in Quadrant. 1 (iii) sin © = +, 0 in Quadrant IV. @) tan @=— 4, @ in Quadrant I.Compound and Miliph/ASgi§ EEA cn 525 4, ABCis an acute-angled triangle inscribed ina circle of radius Sem and centre O. The sine of angle A is equal to > 3 Calculate without using tables: (H the length of BC (ii) sin OBC (iii) sin BOC (iv) cos BOC. (so Soe functions of 120° from functions of 60° and check by using relations between functions of supplementary angles. 5. Ifsin @ =a and sin 26 = 6, find an expression for cos 0 in terms of « and 6. Hence find a relation between a and b not involving 8. (so 1 6 (@ Given that tan = —. find the values of tan 24, tan 44 and tan (45° ~ 44). (so (i IfAis an obtuse angle whose sine is 3 and B is an acute angle whose tangent is >, without using tables find the values of ‘ (@) sin 2B (6) tan (48). (o 7. Express ()_ cos 6a in terms of cos 3a (i) sin 100 in terms of functions of 5 @ (ii) tan 8a in terms of tan 4a (iv) cos 20 in terms of cos 48 () tan 49 in terms of cos 8 79 sin © in terms of cos 50 (vit) cos 208 in terms of sin 58. {[Hint. 209 is double of 10 @ and 10 @ is double of $8. Hence apply double angle formulas}. ib 8 Using the half angle formulas, find the exact value of (i) sin 15° (ii) sin 292 > 9. In the triangle ABC, in which C is the right angle, prove that a H Pie atta sin 24 22, cos + sin ee b a-B 4, fexb aN ae 10. Ifcosa= FS cap 4 find the value of cos “=P. assuming a and B to be acute angles. ul. usc, 2 12, Given thattan x = 42, 0083 tables the value of (i) sin (x + ») aso) 13. Given that sin” B = sin a cos a, show that cos 2B 5 (USC 1991) 14. Derive formulas for the following in terms of functions of 20 and then of 8. @ sin 40 (i) cos 48 (ai) tan 40 18. Ifsina= 3 find the value of (i) sin 3 a (ii) cos 3a. (iii) tan 3a, 16. 1f2cos0=x+ 4, prove that 2 cos 30 =. + = x iCh 5-26 17. Calculate without using tables tan 20° tan 40° tan 80° [Hiint. Given exp, = tan 20°. tan (60° - 20°), tan (60° + 20°) = tan 20° Stan 20° ~tan? 20° 1~3tan? 20" tan 3(20°) = tan6o? = V3. 2 A- tan? B Note Here, we have used An. 5.1, Cor. 3, viz. tan (A + B) wn (A -B) = 2 1 tan? A.tan? 8 ANSWERS: wt wy + m 8 5 (wi) (wi) » 32 wy =f 1-8 wm a 3 £80C=2 Ladc~2u > 2800=4~ co0C wD. 3 ‘Op 782 BOD = sin A= * (Given) 0 200 onsma-s(3)-3 ( conc= =A a4 => sin OBC: (90° - A) = cos A= Vi~sin? A (il) sin BOC = sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A © (iv) cos BOC = cos 24. PA 180"-24 2 conee 120° = 23, sec 120°=-2, ct 120° = eb adds be. S cos Om 5, dat +5? = da S 120 a ey 56 6) 12’ 119" 330° i) O55 (o) 3B 7. 2eoP3a-1 (W) 2sin50c0s50. (ii —— + fecesd (oi) 185i? 508 sint so ro, 2 : 10 TORT HC Mathematics — OSC 199,cos = eta A= 56 es i eod= 2 d= B no $ oF 44 (9 2sin20 c05 28, 4 sin © cos 8 (cos* 8 ~ sin*@) (ii) 2.c0s* 28-1, 8 cos*@- 8 cos B+1 2tn20 4tan@{I—tan’@)? (@) tan?20" 1—6tan?0+ un? 6 uz i) 4 tai “4 60 as w Ds ‘aris in Quadrant ; > if ais in Quadrant I 17 u7 (a) =p ifvis im Quadrant |; “> fis in Quadrant I se EXERCISE 5(D) Prove that (0 (sin 6 cos 4)? = 1 —sin 26. (i (cos +sin Eane! sind xtan® 2 ae . cost @~ sin® 8 2 ‘4 cod cota tan 2a 1-cos2A sin2A A C 1+cos2A f. sin® cos a? cos’ A-sin’ A ~cos20 & cosA=sin A 2 os ain oes eo: ) 10, cot a ~tan a = 2 cot 2a. 11. cosec A ~ 2 cot 24 cos. eet Coser ss SC) Tse ea oO cos r+sin.x sin 2x + €08.x Fragen 8028 ane cot 1+ cos0+ cos 20 cos A. cosA+sinA 7. sin2A_1-cosA _ | A 18, eee tan I=cos2A” cosA B 19. 20s A= y[2+/20+cos44)], 4 € Jor lV Quad. 20. tan 24 = (sec 24 +1) y(sec? A=), 4 in| or IV Quad. fectAS1 tanh 22. tan 24sec A sin A= tan A sec 24. sec4A-1 tan2A 21. 2. @ (60s A+ 68 + (in A+ sin Bj = co" ( ii) (cos. =cos Bj (6in sin BY =i? (Ch 5-28 24. (6) cos? E+ cos? = +-c08" ¥ + cos’ + cs (i) sint ® + sint 3 + sint 58 + gint 2 = 3 8 8 8 25, cosa cos (60° ~a) cos (60° +a) = 1 cos 3a 2 cos’ a—cos3a , sin?a +sin3a 26. cosa, sina 27. cos* 28 — sin® 8 = cos 8 . cos 38. ae, 140082040560 _ sin30_ cos a8 sin® soe ; ; 3cos3x 4 sinl0°cosi0' 31. tan 70° ~ tan 20° ~2 tan 40° = 4 tan 10° 32. tan @ +2 tan 26 +4 tan 40+ 8 cot 80 = cot 6 33. (0) 4 (cos? 20° + cos? 40°) = 3 (cos 20° + cos 40°) (ii) 4 (cos? 10° + sin? 20°) = 3 (cos 10° + sin 20°). 34. cos’ x sin? x = 7 (2 cosx— cos 3e— cos sx). 35. cot A + cot (60° + A) + cot (120° + A) = 3 cot 34. z (ii) cos* 360+ sin? 18°= 3 36. (i) cos 36° ~ sin 18° (iii) 3 cos 72° —4 sin’ 18° = cos 36°. (i) cos? 48° — sin? 12° = 1 () sin a cost (vi) sec 72° - sec 36° Cen (oil) sin? 24° — sin? 6° = ao (viii) sin’ Saint =. 37. (sin 12° sin 48° sin 54? = © (UIT) Gi) 400% 6°08 42° cos 66° cos 78° 1. m.. 21 ax. Sn OS Qn 4x 8x 161 i (ii) sin® sin sin“ sin—= = =, () cos 2% cos 4® cos 8 cos tt =. 51-5). -/ Sisal Soaishaitsieansht 15; 16 21 3 9 o cos? scan? +cost Ecos! = 2 (vd) tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78° = 1 38. cos o cos 2a. cos 4a cos 8a. = + ifa=24° 39, cos 12° cos 24° cos 36° cos 48° cos 72° cos 84° = + cos 2"'0= 1 40. 1f0 = —"— prove that 2" cos 0 cos 20 cos 2? 0 eel i) ey a1, tfun **, tun z, tan “5% aro in G.P, then show tha os.x = cos y, cos 2‘Compound and Multiple Angles 42. Ifsin 8 is G.M. of sin 6 and cos @, then prove that cos 20 = 2 cos? (g + 4) 43. fm tan (030°) = n tan (@ + 120°), show that cos 20 = mas 5 un) 44, Ifsin a =A sin (@~a) then prove that tan (2-2) any 2) een y 45. Iftan & i } an B Prove that cosp = £28 2=€ (hanbad) 2 V[lire)f #2 =e cosa 46. If'sin =n sin (0 + 2a) , show that (n — 1) tan (0 +a) + (n+ 1) tana=0 3.cos 2p - nah pr then prove that tan a= V2 tan B {cor( 452) ee 47. Icos 2 48, Proven (SOSA COREY (sin vsing : (sind in cos A—cosB lo. itm is odd 49. Prove that Aa 24 2+J2+2cos4x 2 s(x + $A. Iftanz, tany, tan z are in GP, show that cos 2y = £O8(=*2) cos(x—2) a 2 Et ttn Stn © =1 V3, show that cos p= 22°84—1 Bien? 2-cosa HINTS / SOLUTIONS TO SELECTED QUESTIONS 24, () LHS ~ H{1+¢0s3] +4(t+cos3t) +4{1+c0s58) +4(1+.c0528) @ sint = . 4) etc. 30, LHS. =. pa Pat sin 30°for + and cos 30° for 2sin10°cos10° 2 31. LHS. = (cot 20°— tan 20°) ~2 tan 40° =2 cot 40°~ 2 tan 40° =2 (cot 40° — tan 40*) = 2 2cot 80°) = 4 tan 10°. ‘32, Itis easy to prove that cot 0 — tan ® = 2 cot 26. Then, LHS. = cot 6 —(cot 6 tan 6) +2 tan 26 +4 tan 48 + 8 cot 88 = cot 8-2 cot 20 +2 tan 28+ 4 tan 40 + 8 cot 80 = cot @~ 2 (cot 20 — tan 20) + 4 tan 48 + 8 cot 80 etc, ch 5-29SC Mathematics © Consider cos 60° =cos3 (200) 4 cos? 20° — 3 cos 29° 08 3 (40°) = - 1 7 = 4.c0s! 40° 3 cos 40% Substinutc in LHS. the values of 4 (cos? 20° + cos* 40°) from (1) and (2). 34. RHS 2-c05 dx cos x) T6 2098 (1 —c0s 4x) 0s x (2 sin? 2x) £08 x (2 sin x eos x)? “Ot. A + cot (60° + 4) + cot (180° -60°= 4) 4 $= ct 0" eesti tnd” Beand imtnd 1 tuna 1-3ua2a )_ tnd” 3~tan? A” (Stand= tan?) | ead 38 a= 24 15a= 360° 39. Leta= 12° so that 15a. 180" = 3e0t34 @ Let C= cos «1 cos 2a cos 3a. cos 4a cos 6a. cos Ta. sin a sin 2a sin 3a sin 4a sin 6a sin 7a, 1 sin 2a: sin 4a. sin 6a sin 8a sin 12a sin 14a. = sin 2a sin 4a sin 6a sin (180° 7a) sin (180° ~3a) sin (180° a) 2 {From ()) Now complete, 40. LHS.= 2" sin0 cos 8 c05 20 608220. cos" 8) sin 6 = =] QM sin 20 cos 20 cos 20... cos 2" 9) sin (2"? sin 270 cos 270... cos 2”! 8) sin® 2sin 2"! @cos2"10 _ sin 2"0 ie eas isin Ocale SRA) (= ® ) ae Ne oe 241 41 z + cor’ 2 cog 24), Freese cos? a sin? _cosyasots cos _souecose sty iil atyic> a ead = (6089+.605.x) + (cos y — cos) 2 (0089-46053) ~(c0s y cos) (By componendo and div idendd) = cos x.1=c0s y (cos? z—sin? z)= cos y cos 22.compound and Multiple Angles 42. sin’ Q~ sin coe => 2 sin? 0~ sin 24 => 1 cos 20 cos (+29) 2 ) 0820-1 + cos (4.26) = 60s 20» (l-e) a: Apply componendo and dividendo. (+e). tan’ — sin(@+2a)_ 1 _ sin(9+2a)+sind_1+n sin@ sn ~ sin(@+2a)-sind 1+n (ae = 3oos2B-1_ 1-tan?@ _\ 1+ tan’ _ 1 2tan? g Tran’ 9 8¥:sP2y componendo and dividend 2 ao ee 2+ 2+\2.2c08*2x V2+Vv2+2cos2x 2 ae V2+2cosx sinx sinz Apr ividendo 0, any = = Apply componendo and divide a wt wee Zp 1088 _31-cosae) _ 14008 __1+c0sa 2 1+c0sB ltcosa 1-cosf 3-3cosa Now , apply componendo and dividendo CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. Sum formulae in A cos B + cos A sin B cos A cos B sin A sin B tan A+ tan B Bm 2)" ean Ato cot Acot B~1 4) eo OV GE Sel cot B+ cot A tan A+ tan B + tanC~tan A tan B tan G) tan (A + B+ Cm Toe tan B tan B tan Can C un ACh S32 2. Difference formulae ot (2) sin (4 - B) = sin A cos B - cos 4 sit. fe (2) cos (4 ~ B) = cos A cos B+ sin A sit un @ tn (4-8) = 4-8) = an AtanB cot AcorB +1 4) cot (4 — By = AASB ‘ ‘cot B— cot A 3. sin (A + 8) sin (4 - B) = C+D C-D sin C 5. Product formulae 2 sin 4 cos B= sin (4 + B) +sin (4B) 2 cos A sin B= sin (4 + B) —sin (4 ~ B) 2 cos A cos B= cos (4 + B) + cos (4 -B) 2 sin 4 sin B = cos (A — B) ~ cos (A + B) 6. Double-angle formulae sin 24 =2 sin A cos 4, cos 24 = cos" A ~ sin? A cos 24=1-2sin? 4, cos 24 =2c0s?A-1 1+tan® A een Ee Saar Panta Teta" L+tan? 2ein?A=1—cos24, 2eas'A=1+c0s24, tmnt A= 1 —eS2A 1+ 00s 24 7, Half-angle formulae A aes A coe 008 d= cos? A — sin? 4 2 a 2 2 c08 A =1~2 sin? 4 2 2tan 4 sind = V+ tan? 4 2 cos 4. 4 fiteona 2 2 A tan 4.4 fl=cosa 2 Vikcosa ‘Aid to memory! cos (any angle) = [+ €05(doubie angly 2r CABRIO ane meaaanaceealae~ 3 Compound and Muliple Angles pt sin any angle) = + [/=s08(Gouble angle) 2 tan any angle) = 4 [=ces(double angle) 1+ c0s (double angle) 8, Triple-angle formulae sin3A =3 sin —4 sin? 4, 08 34 = 4 cos! A ~3 cos A 3tan4—tan? an 34 = 3t0nd~tan? 4 1-3tan? 4 9, One-third angle formulae 4 4 A=3 =| -4 sin? ae 3 (A saa-2en(4) su (4) a ee suan( 4) Pan ary 1-3tan*( 4 10. sin 18° on cos 36° 1 sin 36° = — V0 ml FOR REVISION AND SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 5(E) VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAs) cos10° + sin10" c0s10 1. Show that tan 55° sinl0 4 2. sin 24.= 5 , find the value of tan 4 ,(0.< A gees 3. A positive angle is divided into two pars whose tangents are and >. show tat the ange is 4. Show that cos10° + cos! 10° + cos 130°= 0 5. Prove that sin (n + 1)x sin (n + 2)x + cos (n+ I)x cos (n+ 2)x= cos x 6. If +B + C= x, and cosd = cosB cosC, show that 2 cotB cotC = 1 sin(o+B) _ 3, given that tana = 2 tanB, sin(a —B) 8, Show that tan 75° pe =2+ V3. Hence deduce that tan 75¢~ cot 75° = 4 7. show that 9, Prove that 5105%+SiN3X — tan ar cos5x-+cos3x 10. Prove that sin? Gx ~ sin? 4x IL. sin(45° + ©) — cos(4s° — 8) = in 2x sinlOx Ch 5-33 (Tripura, WB, A.P) (WBHS) (NCERT) (AB. HB, CBSE) (CERT) (CERT) (CERT Exemplar)12. cat = +0 }oxe (F-0 4 la TS sin'G6 = — sin 14. aint cos 1S. tung ORS ss sinB 16 if sin + cost = 1, then sin20= a 13, sin 43° z> Lo nt 1 mt 15 une 16 0 1~(-2sin® 8/2) cae ———_ - Now, use tan 24 = = 2ainB/2eos B/2 "3? ima EXERCISE 5(F) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 1. What is tanl° equal to? (@) 2-N3 ® 23 © 3 @ 143 ‘2. The value of is @1 ® 3 © - (@2 3. The value of 4 sin 4 cos*4 — 4 cos 4 sin’ is equal to (@) sin 24 (6) sin 34 (©) cos 34 @ sin 44 4. The value of sin 50° — sin 70° + sin 10° is @1 Oo ©} @2 S The value of sia = sin is equal o @0o os 1 ot 6 Ina A4BC, tan d= 5,00 B= 2 Determine the value of angle C. (NDANA 20131 (NCERT Exenpi (Kerala PET 2 (NCERT Exeng (Karnataka CET‘Compound and Multiple Angles AERA : ch 5-35 , 1 IFA lies in third quadrant and 3 tan A +4 =0, then 5 sin 24 +3 sin A +4 cos A is equal to o> 0 0% @* Cup 8. Ifsin 1 @s = (b) UE 3r “ywhen | ¥3c0s20°-sin 20° ; sin20° cos 20° 2sin 20° cos 20° uw 1 sin 60° and >= cos 60° and complete 3 1 1 & 20° sin 20° | iow ‘| pemeea2 sal ainags’ Ow go, 28°32 _cosi30 __(Ssind—tsin?9)' (Acoso 200) 5 76 mS - au = (3-4 sin? @)* — (4 cos® @ -3)*. Now complete. ate tan tan B= x= —— a cot =1=9 cot d cot B= ~ Now, use the formula for cot (4 ~B) corB 8 22, (1+tana) (1+tan §)= 1+ tna + tan + tana tan ro) tan a+tan B tan a+ tan B tang tanB ' 1-tana tanB [sine tan (a + )=tan ~tan or tan B. Subsitute in (i) 25. sno (0+ tan +3 tan 0-3 Vi tan 6 1+V3 tan 8 8 tan 9 tan @-3 tan’ 0 =3tn?6 1+3tané@ un 0+ => tn 8+ => tan 38