Notes Copy (4)
Notes Copy (4)
The chemical reactions in cells that Metabolism: all types of chemical reactions that take
Respiration break down nutrient molecules and place in an organism which include building up and
release energy for metabolism breaking down reactions such as respiration
The ability to detect or sense stimuli in ๏ Stimulus: (plural stimuli) any change that can be
Sensitivity the internal or external environment
detected in the environment like light, sound or heat…
and to make appropriate responses
The processes that make more of the ๏ Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics
Reproduction
same kind of organism of life; it applies to all living organisms and even to viruses
The removal from organisms of the ๏ Excretion takes place all the time while we are breathing
waste products of metabolism, toxic
Excretion out carbon dioxide. Excretion also applies to plants when
materials and substances in excess of
they get rid of excess oxygen and water (page: 22)
requirements
The taking in of materials for energy, ๏ Photosynthesis is not a characteristic of life, this type of
Nutrition
growth and development nutrition only applies to plants
Mrs. Gren
Movement Nutriton
Respiration Excretion
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2.1 The Concept Of Classification
Organisms are classified using features that they have in common
A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
The binomial system of naming species gives a scientific name to every organism
There are three rules to be followed when writing the name of an organism using the binomial system:
1. It is made of two parts; the genus name comes first, and then comes the species name
2. Genus name must start with a capital letter, while species name starts with a small letter
3. The binomial name is written in Latin so that it can be recognised internationally
Written in Latin
Pa n t h e r a l e o
Genus name starts
with a capital letter Species name second
Organism 1
Organism 1
Organism 2
Common
ancestor Organism 2
Organism 3 Organism 3
Organism 4
Organism 4
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Classi cation of Animals & Plants 3
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3.1 Classification Of Animals
The animal kingdom is divided into two main groups: animals with backbones or vertebrates and invertebrates
Insects Fish
Arachnids Amphibians
Reptiles
Crustaceans
Birds
Myriapods
Mammals
3.2 Classification Of Vertebrates
The table below summarises the main features of vertebrates:
Vertebrate Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Example
Feathers
Body covering Moist scales Moist skin Dry scales Hair and whiskers
(legs with scales)
Types of eggs Jelly-covered Jelly-covered Rubbery shell Hard shell Give Birth
Body temperature Cold blooded Cold blooded Cold blooded Warm Blooded Warm Blooded
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3.4 Invertebrates
Arthropods are a large group of invertebrates that share these common features:
❶Segmented body ❷Jointed legs ❸Hard external skeleton or exoskeleton ❹Bilateral body symmetry
Bilateral symmetry means that arthropods’ body can be divided into left and right halves if it is cut in the middle
Compound eyes are found in many arthropods (see below); they are made of many separate visual units
The table below summarises the main features to distinguish between arthropods:
Example
Three body parts: Two body parts only: cephalothorax and abdomen Cylindrical body, not divided into
Body parts
Head, thorax and abdomen The cephalothorax is fused head and thorax distinct parts
Antennae Present (one pair) Absent Present (two pairs) Present (one pair)
Eyes One pair of compound eyes Several simple eyes One pair of compound eyes One pair of simple eyes
Scattered randomly
Vascular bundles Organised in rings
throughout the stem