1. Nimal : Can I have half a loaf of bread ?

So the bakery owner cut the loaf of bread into two and gave one part to Nimal.
This part is one out of 2 and can write as .......................

2. Kamal : Can I have quarter of a loaf of bread ?

So the bakery owner cut the remaining half of bread into two again and gave one part to Kamal.

1 1 1 1 1 The part given

2 2 2 2 2 to Nimal

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The part given

=
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 to Kamal

This part is one out of 4 and can write as ......................

3. Write these in words.

1 1
→ one half → one quarter
2 4
1 1
→ .................................................................. → ..................................................................
5 10

5 3
→ .................................................................. → ..................................................................
9 7
1 1 1 5 2 3
Generally , , , , , are called fractions.
2 5 6 9 7 15

1
4. Shade a part of the following figures.
2

1 Numerator The number above the line is called the numerator and the number below
3 Denominator the line is called the denominator.

1
5. Shade a part of the following figures.
4

i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)

Page 1
 Unit Fractions

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , , ,
2 3 4 5 11 9 23

• When numerator is one in any fraction is called unit fractions.

Proper Fractions

2 5 9 7 3 7
, , , , , ,
3 7 11 8 16 15

• When the numerator is smaller than the denominator, it is a proper fractions.

1 1
6. i) How many parts for 1 ? ............................... ii) How many parts for 1 ? ...............................
2 4
1 1
iii) How many parts for 1 ? ............................... iv) How many parts for 1 ? ...............................
3 5
1 1 1 1
v) How many parts for ? ............................... vi) How many parts for ? ...............................
4 2 8 4

1 3 1 5 4 1
7. , , , , , Write down unit fractions and proper fractions out of the following fractions.
2 7 8 12 9 6

Unit fractions → ............................................ Proper fractions → ............................................

Equivalent Fractions

8. Write down the fraction of shaded part in the following figure.

i) ii)

iii) iv)

In all figures shaded part is the same, therefore all these fractions are equal.

1 2 3 4
= = = These are called equivalent fractions.
2 4 6 8

9. Fill in the blanks.

1 ⬚ 6 1
i) = iv) =
4 8 12 ⬚

5 10 15 ⬚
ii) = v) =
6 ⬚ 25 5

2 ⬚ 12 4
iii) = vi) =
6 3 18 ⬚

10. Write equivalent fractions.

1 1×2 3 3×2
i) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iv) = = '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3 3×2 7 7×2

1 1×3 3 3×3
ii) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' v) = = '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3 3×3 7 7×3

1 1×5 3 3 × 10
iii) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' vi) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3 3×5 7 7 × 10

Page 2
11. Write equivalent fractions.
12 12÷3 15 15÷5
i) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ii) = = '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
15 15÷3 25 25÷5

30 30÷10 22 22÷11
iii) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' v) = = '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
40 40÷10 66 66÷11

16 16÷8 75 75÷25
iv) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' vi) = = ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
24 24÷8 100 100÷25

• Multiplying or dividing by the same number in the numerator and the denominator, can get equivalent
fractions.

12. Simplify the following fractions and write in its simplest form.
5 15
i) = ii) =
10 21

30 27
iii) = iv) =
50 81

28 16
v) = vi) =
35 40

Comparison of Fractions

13. i) Shaded part as a fraction

ii) Unshaded part as a fraction

iii) which the part is larger, the shaded or unshaded?

When the denominator is the same, can find the larger fraction by looking at
the numerator.

14. Fill in the blanks using > or <.

5 3 3 7 8 3
i) ………………… ii) ……………….. iii) ……………….
6 6 9 9 10 10
2 8 7 9 11 15
iv) ……………….. v) ………………. vi) ……………….
9 9 11 11 19 19

15. When the denominator is larger the value becomes smaller.

1 1
Therefore >
2 3
1 1
2 3

Page 3
 Fill in the blanks with > or <.
1 1 1 1 1 1
i) ………………… ii) ………………… iii) ……………….
7 4 2 3 11 8
1 1 1 1 1 1
iv) ……………… v) ………………… vi) ………………
11 13 10 6 21 25

3 5
16. Which fraction is larger or ?
4 6

3 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
= = = Write equivalent fractions.
4 8 12 16

5 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
= = = Write equivalent fractions.
6 12 18 24

17. Fill in the blanks using > or <.

5 3 7 3 11 7
i) …………………. ii) ……………….. iii) ………………..
8 8 10 10 12 12

13 11 11 17 9 11
iv) ………………. v) ………………. vi) ……………….
16 16 19 19 17 17

18. Using >, < or =.

3 5 7 3
i) and ii) and
8 6 10 4

3 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ 7 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
= = = = = = = =
8 16 24 32 10 20 30 40

5 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ 3 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
= = = = = = = = =
6 12 18 24 4 8 12 16 20

19. Write the following fractions in ascending order.

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
i) , , , = iii) , , , =
3 5 4 7 7 5 3 8

1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3
ii) , , , = iv) , , , =
10 11 7 4 10 9 5 11

20. Write the following fractions in ascending order.

2 3 4 5 3 4 1 7
i) , , , ii) , , ,
3 4 5 6 4 5 2 10

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚
60 60 60 60 ⬚ ⬚ ⬚ ⬚

Page 4
 Addition and subtraction of fractions

21. Add the different shaded parts.

1 1
i) + = ……………………………………
2 4

ii) iii)

22. Add the fractions.

2 1 4 4
i) + ii) +
5 5 9 9

2 3 3 4
iii) + iv) +
6 6 10 10

5 3 1 4
v) + vi) +
11 11 8 8

23. Subtract the fractions.

2 1 8 1
i) − ii) −
5 5 9 9

5 2 5 3
iii) − iv) −
8 5 9 9

7 6 8 5
v) − vi) −
12 12 13 13

24. Add the fractions using equivalent fractions.

1 2 3 2
i) + ii) +
6 3 10 5

Page 5
 7 4 4 3
iii) + iv) +
22 11 15 5

1 3 1 5
v) + vi) +
3 12 9 18

25. Subtract the fractions.

5 1 10 1
i) − ii) −
8 4 12 4

2 1 1 2
iii) − iv) −
3 9 5 15

19 3 7 3
v) − vi) −
24 6 9 18

26. Simplify the fractions.

7 5 2 2 1 1
i) + − ii) + +
9 6 3 5 10 2

7 3 5 3 1 1
iii) + − iv) + +
12 4 8 25 10 5

27. Find the value.

3 2 5 2
i) + = ii) + =
7 7 10 10

7 2 7 4
iii) + = iv) + =
11 11 15 15

Page 6
 3 4 7 4
v) + = vi) + =
19 19 12 12

1 1 1
28. A man gaves of his land to his son, of it to his daughter and of it to his wife. What fraction of the land is given to all
3 4 6
of them ?

1
29. Kasun has of money to buy a mobile phone worth Rs. 32 000. To buy the mobile phone, how much money he needs ?
2

Page 7