Bio Systems Technology 1 R.

Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 gapur
; ; nra;iff;fhf fl;Lg;gLj;jpa
#oy; njhopyE ; l;gk;
Nju;r;rp - 11
Nju;r;rp 11.10 : ghJfhf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPo; gapu;r;nra;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Nju;r;rp 11.20 : ghJfhg;G mikg;Gf;fis epu;khzpf;Fk; topfs;.
Nju;r;rp 11.30 : ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy;> Rw;whlw; fhuzpfisf; fz;fhzpf;Fk;
kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; El;gKiwfs;.
Nju;r;rp 11.30 : ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy; kz;zpd;wpa gapu; tsu;g;G El;g Kiwfs;.

Nju;r;rp 11.10 - ghJfhf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPo; gapu;r;nra;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;.

fl;Lg;ghl;L epge;jifspd; fPo; gapu; nra;jy; (Controlled Enivirioment Agiriculture - CFA)

gapnuhd;iwr; nra;ifgz;Zk; NghJ> mg;gapupd; Mjhug;gilfshff; fhzg;gLk; kz;
Clfk;> kw;Wk; fhw;Wf;Fupa #oypy; nraw;ifahd rpwg;ghd epfe;jidfis toq;fp> gapu;
tsu;rr; p> tpisnghUs; msT> tpisnghUspd; juk; Mfpatw;iw Nkk;gLj;j Mtd nra;jNy
fl;Lg;gLj;jpa epge;jidfspd; fPo; gapu;r; nra;jy; vdg;gLfpd;wJ.

my;yJ

 gapu; tpisr;riy msTuPjpahfTk; juuPjpahfTk; mjpfupf;f kz;> fhw;Wf;Fupa #oy;fis

Msif nra;J gapu;r; nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;sy; fl;Lg;gLj;j epge;jidfspd; fPohd
gapu;r; nra;if vdg;gLk;.
 ,jd; NghJ fhw;Wf;Fupa #oNyhL kz; #oiyAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ntt;NtW
Kiwfs; ifahsg;gLk;.

fl;Lg;gLj;jpa #oy; epge;jidfspd; fPo; gapu; tsu;g;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;.

 ghjfkhd thdpiy epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf gapu;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Nrjq;fisj; jtpuj ; j
; y;.
c- k; : mjpf kiotPo;r;rp> mjpf fhw;W> mjpf #upaxsp
 Nghf fhyj;jpy; kl;Lkd;wp Nghf ky;yhj fhyq;fspYk; gapu; tpisnghUs;fs; ngwyhk;.
 Neha; gPilj; jhf;fq;fspypUe;j gapu;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Neha;fSf;F
MdhfpdhYk; $l fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ ,yFthdJ.
 Neha; gPilf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;fhd ,urhadg; nghUs;fs; ga;dgLj;Jtijj; jtpu;j;jy;
my;yJ ,opthf;fy; fhuzkhf czT eQ;rhjy;> kz; ePu; tsp Nghd;wit khriljy;
Mfpad jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy; mjpf njhifj; jhtuq;fisg; guhkupg;gjd; %yk; caupa
tpisr;ry; kl;lj;ij vl;lyhk;.
 grisfisAk; ePiuAk; xNu njhFjpapd; %yk; gapUf;F toq;fKbAkhjyhy;> tpisr;ry;
mjpfupg;gNjhL> ciog;G> ePu; Mfpatw;iwAk; kPjg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;.
 kz;zupg;G epfohjthW my;yJ mupg;G ,opthFkhW gapu; epyj;ijg; guhkupf;fyhk;.
 cs;sL P fspd; gad;ghL ,opthfpd;wikahy; gapupd; tpidj;jpwd; caupa ngWkhdj;ijg;
ngWk;.
 re;ijf; Nfs;tpAk; tpiyAk; cau;thFkhW caupajuKs;s tpisnghUisg; ngwyhk;.
 Gwr;#oy; fhuzpfs; fhuzkhf g; gapu; cw;gj;jp kPJ Vw;gLk; ghjpg;G ,opthFtjhy;
jpll
; tl;lkhd re;ij ,yf;fpd; topNa tzpf uPjpahf re;ij ,yf;Ffspd; ghy; jpll
; kplL ; f;
ftdQ; nrYj;jyhk;.

Bio Systems Technology 2 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 gad;gLj;Jk; ehw;WNkilj; njhopy;El;g Kiwfs; tpidj;jpwd; kpffitahf ,Uj;jy;.
(kuGuPjpahd Kiwfis tpgupf;f.)
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy; gapu; nra;tjhy;> tpidj;jpwdhf gapu;epyj;ij Kfhik
nra;j caupa tpisjpwidg; ngwj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 nghUj;jkhd njhopDl;g cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gapu;r; nra;ifapy; <LgLtjw;fhf
,isQupd; ciog;igg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. mj;NjhL Copag;gilia NkYk; ftu;r;rpahd
Ra njhopy;fspd; ghy; topg;gLj;jyhk;.

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kid mikg;Gf;fspd; ghFghL

01. ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy>; ghJfhg;ig toq;Fk; mikg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghFgLj;jy;
 KOikahfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfs; (Full Protected House)
,t;tif kidfs; KOikahd kiwf;fg;gLtNjhL> mjw;fhf fopA+jhf; fjpu;
CLGfhjj nghypj;jPd; my;yJ fz;zhb my;yJ nghypfhgNdw;W Nta;jfL
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
01. nghypj;jd
P ; kidfs;
02. fz;zhb kidfs;
03. nghypf;fhgNdw;W kidfs;
 kidapd; $iuAld; njhlu;GWk; Rtu;fis KOikahf kiwg;gjw;fhf
fopA+jhf;fjpu;> fjpu;gG
; j; jd;ikAs;s G+r;rp tiyfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
 kidapd; Rtu;fspd; mbg;ghfj;ijAk; kidiar; Rw;wpa Nkil Nghd;w
gFjpfisAk; mikj;jy;.

 Fiw ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfs; (Semi Protected House)

,t;tif kidfspd; $iu fopA+jhf; fjpu; vjpu;g;Gj; jd;ikAs;s nghypj;jPd;
jhspdhy; kiwf;fg;gLk;.
 Rtupd; ghjpasT khj;jpuk; kiwf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ NghJkhdJ. mjw;fhf
nghUj;jkhd epoy; rjtPjj;jpidf; nfhz;l epoy; tiy gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
c-k; - kiiof;fhg;G kidfs; (Rain Shelters)> epoy; kidfs; (Shade Houses)

02. ,e;j mikg;Gf;fspd; ePbj;Jisf;Fk; jdpikf;F mika ghFgLj;jy;.

epue;jukhd mikg;G
 epue;jukhf mikf;fg;gl;l mikg;Gf;fshFk;.
c-k; - gr;ir tPLfs;
Fiw epue;ju mikg;Gf;fs;
 epue;jukhd kidfSf;Fr; rhu;ghf> Fiwthd msT fhyk; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;
mikg;Gf;fs;.
c-k; - nghypj;jd
P ; kidfs;
Bio Systems Technology 3 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna
 jw;fhy mikg;Gf;fs;
 Fwpj;j Fwpf;Nfhs; epiwNtwpa gpd;du;> kidia / kiag;ig mg;Gwg;gLj;jp
gapu;g; guhkupg;Gf; fUkq;fisj; njhlu;e;Jk; elj;jpr; nry;yyhk;.
c- k; - ,dk;ngUf;fy; mikg;Gf;fs; (Propagater)> ehw;WNkil kiwg;G> tupir
kiwg;G> Fspu;r; rl;lfk;.

03. mt;tikg;Gf;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

ghFgLj;jy;.
 fz;zhb kiwg;G kidfs; (Glass Houses)
 nefpo;jd;ikahd gpshj;jpf;Fj; jhs; kidfs; (Polythene Houses, Poly Tunnels / Plastic
Houses)
 tiy kiwg;G kidfs; (Net Houses, shade Houses)
 nefpo;tw;w gpshj;jpf;F kidfs; (PVC - Rigid Panels, Fiber Glass, Plastic, Acrylic, Poly
Carbonate)

 ,e;j ntt;NtW kiwg;G nghUs;fshy; mikf;fg;gLk; ghJfhg;G mikg;Gf;fs; tbtj;jpYk;

mstpYk; NtWgLk;.
01. tpy;tisT tbtKilait (Arch Shape)

02. miutl;l tbthd Ruq;fk; (Semi Tunnel Shape)

Bio Systems Technology 4 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 03. rupthd $iuAilait (Slanted Roof)

04. thl;gy; tbtf; $iu (Saw tooth type)

05. Kfl;by; fhw;nwhl;lj; Jthuq;fs; nfhz;l kidfs; (Top vent)

Bio Systems Technology 5 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

Nju;r;rp 11.20 - ghJfhg;G mikg;Gf;fis epu;khzpf;Fk; topfs;
 kuG uPjpahd tptrhaj;Jf;Fr; rhu;ghf ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspDs; gapu; tsu;
tau;tjw;Fupa kz; mikg;Gf;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd nryT cau;thdJ. vdNt
cr;r gpujpgyd; ngWtjw;fhf> kiwikahd xU jpl;lj;ij Muk;gj;jpNyNa jahupj;Jf;
nfhz;tJ mtrpakhFk;.
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kid mikg;gjw;fhf Kjypy; nghUj;jkhd Xu; ,lj;ijj; njupT
nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; NghJ ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; tUkhW.
01. fhyepiy tyak; (Climate Zone )
kj;jpa ehl;L my;yJ kiyehl;L <utyaj;Jf;fhf KOikahf kiwf;fg;gl;l
kidfs; mikf;fg;gLk;. jho;ehl;L <utyaj;Jf;f my;yJ ,il tyaq;fSf;fhf
gFjp kiwf;fg;gl;l kidfs;> my;yJ mk;kidfspd; $iu thl;gy; Nghd;W
my;yJ $iu Kfl;Lg; gFjpapy; fhw;nwhl;lj; Jthuq;fSk; mikf;fg;gLk;.

02. epyj;jpd; jpir Kfk; (Land Orientation)

jpirKfg;gLj;jp mik;jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

03. mikg;Gf;F fpilf;Fk; xsp epiyik:

#upa xsp gLtij jLf;Fk;> caukhd jhtu ,dq;fs; kw;Wk; fl;lq;fs; mw;w
Xu; ,lj;ijj; njupt nra;J kidia mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

04. epyj;jpd; jd;ik (Land Geography)

mjpf rha;T mw;w> rkjskhd epyk; nghUj;jkhdJ. ,y;iyNay; epyj;ijr;
rkjskhf;fpa gpd>; ,ay;ghd epykl;lk; tiu nfhq;fw
P W
; j; J}z;fs; ,l;L kidia
mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

05. fhw;wpd; jpirAk; fhw;wpd; NtfKk; (Wind Direction and Velocity)

mjpf fhw;W tPRk; ,lq;fisAk; fhw;WtPRk; jpiriaAk; jtpu;j;J> mikg;ig
epuk
; hzpgg
; J kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. mtrpankdpd; fhw;Wj; jilfis (WindBarriers)
,l;Lk; mikg;igj; jhgpf;fyhk;.

06. kz;zpd; epiyik (Soil Condition)

rpwe;j tbfhyikg;Gs;s epykhf ,Ug;gJ mtrpakhFk;. gapu;r; nra;if Clfkhf
kidapDs; cs;s kz;izg; gad;gLj;Jtjhapd;> kzpzpd; ngsjpf> ,urhad>
capupay; epge;jidfs; nghUj;jkhd tPr;rpDs; fhzg;gLtJ mtrpakhfk;.
kidapDs; gapu; tsu;g;gjw;fhfr; nraw;if Clfq;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjhapd;.
kzpzpd; epiyik Fwpj;Jf; ftdk; nrYj;JtJ mtrpakd;W.

07. ngwj;jf;f ePupd; msTk; juKk; (Water availablity and Water quality)
tUlk; KOtjpYk; jukhd ePiug; NghJkhd mstpy; ngwf;$ba Xu; ,lkhf
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ePupd; PH ngWkhdk; 5.0 - 7.0 ,w;F ,ilNaAk; EC
ngWkhdk; 2ds/m ,Yk; FiwthfTk; ,Ug;gJ nghUj;jkhdJ.

08. guhkupg;Gf; fUkq;fisr; nra;Ak; trjp

%yg; nghUl;fisg; ngWtjw;Fk; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk;>
epjKk; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk; trjpahd Xu; ,lkhd ,Uj;jy;.

Bio Systems Technology 6 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 ghJfhg;G mikg;Gf;fs; epu;khdpg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba fl;Lkhkdg;
nghUl;fSk;> mtw;wpd; ,ay;GfSk;
01. rl;lfj;ij mikg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; nghUl;fs; (Materials for Structure)
 fy;tidRf; Foha;fs; (G.I Foha;fs;)
2mm my; y J mjpYk; $Ljyhd jbg; G s; s cs; N sAk; > ntspNaAk;
fy;tidRg;gLj;jpa nkd;Uf;fpyhd ,f;Foha;fsis 8mm njhlf;’fk; 100mm
tiuapyhd ntt;NtW tpl;lq;fspy; ngwyhk;. ,it cau; ntg;g epiyf;F
cl;gLj;j;pa fk;gpfshy; Mf;fg;gl;lit. gpshj;jpf;f kw;Wk; mupkuj;Jf;Fr; rhu;ghf
ntl;Ljy;> tisj;jy; cUg;gLj;jy; vd;gd ,yFthdJ. $iuf;Ff; fz;zhb
gad;gLj;Jtnjdpd; kidapy; mikg;ig cUthf;Ftjw;fhf Box Iron my;yJ
Flast Iron gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. cWjp> ePbj;Jiof;Fk; jd;ik> cau; mKf;fj;ijj;
jhq;Fk; jd;ik> re;ijapy; fpilg;gdTj; jd;ik Mfpad fhuzkhf ,it
gad;ghl;Lf;F cfe;jitahf cs;sd.
 mupkuk; - (Timber)
cNyhfq; f isg; Nghd; W ntg; g NkWtjpy; i y. vdpDk; ghJfhf; f g; g l; l
kidapy;<ug;gjd; cau;thd jhifahy;> cf;fpg;Nghf ,lKz;L. vdNt gupfupg;Gr;
nra; j mupkuj; i jg; gad; g Lj; j KbAnkdpDk; mupkug; gupfupg; G f; f hfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,urhadg; nghUl;fs; gapu;fSf;Fj; jPq;F tpistpg;gitahf
,Uj;jyhfhJ. ntz;%l;ilg; G+r;rp> fiwahd; Nghd;w gPilfs; mupkuj;jpy;
,yFthfg; gy;fpg; ngUf ,lKz;L.
 ,it jtpu> cUf;fpapizf;fg;gl;l L tbt ,Uk;G> H tbt ,Uk;G> Nghd;wtw;iwAk;>
gjg;gLj;jpa %q;fpy; jz;L Nghd;wtw;iwAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
02. Nta; nghUl;fs; (Cladding Materials)
 nghypj;jPd; glyk; (Poly Film)
 mlu;jj ; pf;F mika> nghypj;jPd; glyq;fs; gytifg;gLk;.
 ghJfhg;G kid mikg;gjw;fhf me;je;j Njitf;Nfw;g> ntt;NtW msT
jbg;Gs;s (100 - 300tiu nghypj;jPd; gly tiffs; kiwg;Gf; nghUahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 xspff ; jpu; guTk; jd;ikAs;s (Diffuesd Poly film) kw;Wk; njspthd / Neubahf
xspiag; ngwf;$ba nghypj;jPd; glyq;fs; (Clear Poly film) ghJfhf;fg;gl;l
kidfspy; ngupJk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

 mg;nghypj;jPd; glyq;fs; gpd;tUk; ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 fopA+jhf; fjpu; vjpu;g;Gj; jd;ikAilajhf ,Uj;jy; (Ultra Violet Treated)
 mikg;gpd; kPJ Nta;e;j gpd;du;> ,utpy; Fspu;r;rpailAk; NghJ ePu;j;Jspfs;
nghypj;jd P ; Nkw;gug;gpy; jq;fpapUf;fhj epiyik (Antidrip Character)
 mikg;ig Nta;e;j gpd;du; cs;Ns tsu;f;fg;gLk; gapupy; gpuNahfpfFk;
,urhadg; nghUl;fs; (ry;gu;) fhuzkhf nghypj;jd P ; NrjKwhjjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 nkd; %Lgdp Njq;fpapuhj jd;ik (Antidust) ,Uj;jy;.
 epu;khzpf;Fk; mik;ggjw;Nfw;g nghypj;jPd; ePs mfyq;fisj; jPu;khdpj;Jf;
nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
 /iggu; fpsh]; (Fiber Glass)
J}R Njq;fp epw;Fk; jd;ikAilajhifahy;> kQ;rs; epwkhf khw ,lKz;L>
cilAk; jd;ikAilaJ $iu Nta;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd xU nghUsd;W.
Bio Systems Technology 7 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna
  nghypfhgNdw;W
cWjpahdJ> ePbj;Jiof;ff; $baJ tpiy cau;thdJ> epwkw;wJ my;yJ
Fiwepwj; jfLfshf my;yJ tisnewp (Zigzag) my;yJ “jl;il - Grecc”
tbtj;jpy; ngwyhk;. ed;F xsp CLGftpLk; jd;ikAilaJ. tisAk; jd;ik
nfhz;lJ. ftu;r;rpahd Njhw;wKilaJ.
 myk; new; (Alum Net)
mYkpdpa cNyhfk; rhu;e;j Xu; cw;gj;jpg; nghUshFk;. ,J ntg;gtb (Thermal
Screen) Nghd;W njhopwg
; Lk;. ,t;tif tiyiag; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l
kidapDs; ntg;gepiyiaf; fzprkhd msTf;Ff; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,e;j
tpiyia ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs; cauj;Nj $iuf;F mUfpy; my;yJ mjpYk;
jho;thff; fpilahf ,lNtz;Lk;.

 fz;zhb
$iuf;fhf fz;zhb gad;gLj;Jtjhapd; fz;zhbapd; juk;> mjd; jbg;Gg;
Nghd;wit Fwpj;Jk; ftdQ; nrYj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;. nryT $LjyhdjhfTk;
gad;gLj;JtJ fbdkhdjhAk; ,Ug;gjhy; ,yq;ifapNy gad;gLj;JtJ FiwT.

 kiwg;G tiy tiffs;

gpdt
; Uk; NjitfSf;fika nghUj;jkhd tiy tifiaj; njupT nraJ nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
01. epoy; toq;Ftjw;fhf - epoy; tiy (Shade net)
 ,J nghypj;jPd; ,iofshy; (Knitted Polythene) my;yJ ,ioj;j
nghypRj;jupdhy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sikahy; ePu; CLGftpLk; jd;ikaw;wJ.
 gapu; tiff;F Vw;g> Njitahd epoiyAk; xspiaAk; toq;Ftjw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhdthW ntt;NtW msT tiyf;fz;fSs;s tiy tiffs;
cs;sd.
c - k; : 30-805 msT epoy; toq;Ftjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiytiffs;
re;ijapy; cs;sd.
 NkYk; ntt; N tW epwq; f spy; ,t; t if tiyfs; cw; g j; j p
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. fWg;G epw epoy; tiyNa tptrhag; gapu;tiffSf;F
ngupJk; nghUj;jkhdJ.
 kiofhg;G kidfspy; gf;fr; Rtu;fSf;fhf> epoy; tiy gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
,it> fopA+jhf;fjpu; vjpu;gG
; j; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

02. G+r;rpj; jilf;fhf - G+r;rpj;jil tiy (Insect Proof net)

ghJfhf; f g; g l; l kidapd; gf; f r; Rtu; f isAk; gf; f f; fhw; n whl; l j;
Jthuq;fisAk; kiwg;gjw;fhf ,it gad;gLjj;jg;gLk;. fopA+jhf; fjpuf ; Sf;F
vjpu;g;Gj; jd;ikiaAilajhAk; ,Ugf;fk; gpd;dpajhAk; (Double side knitted)
,Uj; j y; kpfTk; nghUj; j khdJ. gapu; r ; n ra; i f mikg; G f; f spy;
gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ntz;zpw G+r;rpj;jil tiy nghUj;jkhdJ. ,tw;iw
24x40, 32x32, 40x40 tiyf;fz; msTfspy; (Mesh Size) ngwyhk;.

epyj;ijj; jahu;gLj;jy;
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs;Ns kz;zpy; gapu; nra;tjhapd; mk;kidapDs; ghj;jp
mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
kidapd; cl;Gwg; gug;gsTf;nfw;g mikthfg; ghj;jpfspd; ePsk; NtWglyhk;.
c - k; : 75cm mfykhd jho;ghj;jp/ cau;ghj;jp mikj;J mjpy; Nrjdg; nghUl;fs;>
Jk;Gr; Nrhw;wp (Jk;Gj;J}sp)> kzy; / fw;W}s; ,l;Lj; jahu;gLj;jy;.

Bio Systems Technology 8 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 ,yFthfj; jpl;lkpl;L mikf;fj;jf;f tif ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidnahd;W (nghypj;jPd;
kid) (17’ x 30’) mz;zsthf 50 rJumb epyg;gug;GilaJ)
 kidapDs; ,Uf;Fk; kz;zp[y; Nehahf;fpfs; fhzg;gLtjhf mDkhdpf;fg;gLkhapd;
kw; W k; ,ilntsp trjp Fiwthf cs; s NghJ> epiyf; F j; J ntspiag;
gad;gLj;Jtjhapd;> gapu;r; nra;if ciwfspy; gapuplyhk;.
 kz; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; Neha;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhfTk;> fisfs; ntFthff;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; kidapDs; ntg;gepiyepiyiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ntz;zpw
nkOFj;J}s; my;yJ xU gf;fk; fWg;G epwkhd kWgf;fk; nts;is epwkhf %Lgilg;
P ; (Poly mesh) %yk; epyj;Jf;F kiwg;gplyhk;.
nghypj;jd

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy; fhzg;gLk; Jizf;$Wfs;

 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspDs;Ns gpd;tUk; Jizf$Wfisj; jhgpf;fyhk;.
01. mupkuk; / fy;tidRf; Foha;> ,Uk;G / nfhq;fpwPw;W / fUq;fy; Kjypatw;whyhd
jhq;fpfs;
02. Nghridr; Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjpfSf;fhf
 ePu;g;gk;gp (Water Pump)
 kzy;tb (Water Filter)
 ePu;Nghriz toq;Fk; cgfuzk; (Fertigatio n equipment)
 Foha;j; njhFjp (Piping Network)
 tiyr;rhbfs; (Net Pots)
 Nghridf; fsQ;rpaj; njhl;b(Ferfifation storage tank)
03. Ntukpo;jj ; pa gapu;r; nra;iff;fhf ];iuNuhNghk; ngl;b> tiyr;rhb (Net Pot)>
gpshj;jpf;Ff; fpz;zq;fs;.
04. xspA+l;lk; nra;tjw;F - Gnshnuhspu;T tpsf;F> LED tpsf;f Nghd;wit.
05. ntg;gepiyiar; rPuhf;Ftjw;F (cau;jJ ; tjw;F) (Thermo regulation System)
(ntg;gRUs; mlq;fpa njhFjp)
06. #oy; epge;jidfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F (Soil and air thermomenters, Sensors)
07. fhw;Nwhl;lj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F - (Ventilation fans, Exhaust fors)
08. Nghriz Kfhikf;f - pH khdp> EC khdp

Bio Systems Technology 9 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 09. <ug;gjd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;fhf - Misterers, Foggers, Far pad System
10. ePu;g;ghrdj;Jf;fhf
 Jsp> J}ty; njhFjpfs; (Drip and Sprinkler njhFjpfs;)
 Foha; thapy;fs;> LLDPE (gf;ff; Foha;fs;)

11. ehw;W cw;gj;jpf;F

 ehw;WNkilj; jl;Lf;fs; (gpshj;jpf;F / ];iuNuhNghkp)
 gpshj;jpf;Fj; jl;Lf;fs;> Jk;Gr; rf;iff; Fspiffs; (Coco Pea Pellets)
12. nfhbfisg; gof;Ftjw;f
 fk;gp tisaq;fs;> Jzp ehlhf;fs;> jz;L jhq;fpg; gpshj;jpf;Ff; $Wfs;
 $iuapy; nghUj;Jk; fk;gpfs;
13. ehw;Wf;fs; eLtjw;F
 gapu;r; nra;if ciwfs;
 jpz;k Jk;Gr; Nrhw;wpg; gapu;r; nra;if mikg;Gf;fs;
 gpshj;jpf;Fg; ghj;jpfs;
14. kfue;jr; Nru;f;if elj;Jtjw;F - Pollinators
15. ghje;Njha;j;jy; mikg;G
16. G+r;rpj;jil mikg;G> ifr;rptpwpfs;> gwpf;Fk; fha;fis ,Ltjw;F $ilfs;.

gpuNjrj;jpd; gad;ghl;Lf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kid mikj;jy;.

 mikg;gpd; jpl;lj;ij jahupj;jy;> gUkl;lhd jpl;lg;glj;ij tiujy;> msTg;gl;bay;
jahupj;jy; nghd;wit nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Bio Systems Technology 10 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 epuk
; hzpff
; Ts;s mikg;Gf;fhf (kidf;fhf) msitg; gl;bay;fs; jahupff ; g;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mt;tikg;ig (kidia) epu;khzpg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd nghUl;fisAk; mtw;wpd;
msTfisAk; jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
c-k; : kidapd; jd;ik : Kfl;by; fhw;nwhl;lj; Jthuq;fs; nfhz;l KOjhfg;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kid.
gug;gsT : 15 kPw;wu; ePsk;> 4 kPw;wu; mfyk;> (60 rJu kPw;wu;)
msTs;s ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidf;Fupa msitg;
gl;bay; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

 Nkw;Fwpgg
; pll
; thW jpll
; j
; jpy; mq;fpAs;s jfty;fspd; gb kw;Wk; Mf;fTs;s mikg;Gf;Fj;
Njitahd rfy nghUl;fisAk; cs;slf;fp> kidfSf;Fj; Njitahd gzj; njhif
fzpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

 vkJ ehl;by; ngwf;$ba nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidnahd;W

mikf;f jahupf;fg;gl;l msTg;gl;bay; tUkhW.

njh.,y nghUs; tpguk; myF myFfspd; myF myFfSf;Fupa NtW

vz;zpf;if tpiy nkhj;j tplaq;fs;
&gha; gzj;njhif
&gha;
1. gpujhd rl;lfj;Jf;fhf 6m 16 1850.00
J}z;fs; 2.3 cm tpll
; ePskhd
fy;tidf; Foha; Foha;

2. eLJ}z;fs; 02. 2.5cm 6m 02 1850.00

tpl;l fy;tidf; Foha; ePskhd
Foha;

3. eLr; rl;lKk; mbthur; 6m 13 950.00

rl;lKk; 0.15cm tpl;l ePskhd
Ks;s fy;tidRf; Foha; Foha;

Bio Systems Technology 11 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 4. FWf;Ff; ifkuk; 0.125cm 6m 07 950.00
tpll
; Ks;s fy;tidRf; ePskhd
Foha; Foha;

5. $iu> Kfl;L fhw;Nwhl;lj; rJu 95 210.00

Jthuq;fSf;fhd UV kPw;wu;
gupfupg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;l
xsp frpAk; jz;ikAs;s
nghypjj ; d
P ;

6. gf;f Rtu;fs;> Kfl;Lf; rJu kPw;wu; 150 200.00

fhw;Nwhl;lj; Jthuq;fs;
fjTfSf;fhf 25 x 40
mesh size nts;is epw
UV vjpug ; G
; g; G+r;rpj;jil
tiy.

7. /2 ,yf;f fha;r;rp
1
fpNyh 05 150.00
,izj;jy; Nfhy;fs; fpuhk;

8. G+r;rpj; jil tiy kw;Wk; Clips 600 40.00

nghypjj P ; ft;tpfs; PVC
; d (ft;tpfs;)
Clips my;yJ Plastic Clips

9. rPke;J 50 kg 04 950.00

10. kzy; fpA+g; 1 (50 1

/2 4500.00
fd mb)

11. fUq;fy; fpA+g; 1 (50 1

/2 4000.0012
fd mb

12. 0.5 guptY ePu;g;gk;gp fk;gp 01 14500.00

myF

13. 6 gf;ff; Foha;fisf; myF 01 22500.00

nfhz;l> xU kidf;F
xU Jspgg ; hd (Dripper)
cs;s JspKiw
ePu;g;ghrdj; njhFjpapy; 30
yPw;wu; gris - ePu; gha;r;ry;
cgfuzq;fs;

14. NknyO ePu; rPtpwy; 01 4500.00

njhFjp

15. gapww
; g;gl;l njhopyhsp myF 10 2250.00
(cgfuzq;fSld;)

16. gapww
; g;gl;l njhopyhsp myF 15 1250.00

17. gpw 3500

Bio Systems Technology 12 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

Nju;r;rp 11.30 - ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspy;> Rw;whly; fhuzpfis fz;fhzpfF
; k;
kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; El;g Kiwfs;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs; gpd;tUk; #oy; fhuzpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidfspDs; gpd;tUk; #oy; fhuzpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
 tsp
 xsp
 ntg;gepiy
 <ug;gjd;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidnahd;wpy; tspA+l;lj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
cj;jpfs;
 fhw;Nwhl;l kpdt ; prpwpfs;> ntspg;gLj;jy; kpd;tprpwpfs; (Ventilation Fans, Exhaust Fans)
nghUj;Jjy;.
 me;je;jf; fhyepiy tyaj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mikg;igj; njupT nra;J
jPu;khzpj;jy;.
c + k; (Top Vent/ Saw tooth vent structure) Kfl;L fhw;Nwhl;l / thl;gy; tbt
fhw;Nwhl;l mikg;G
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs;> fhw;Nwhl;lk; ed;F epfoj;jf;fthW gyfzpfisj;
jpwe;J tpLjy;.
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs;> nraw;ifahf fhgdPnuhl;irl;L (CO2) thAitg;
GFj;Jtjd; %yk;> kidapDs; fhgdPnuhl;irl;L kl;lj;ij rpwg;G kl;lj;jpw;F
cau;j;Jjy;.
 fhw;Wj;jil jhtu Ntyp mikj;jy;.
 ntg;gkhd fhw;W ntspNaWtjw;fhff; $iuapy; my;yJ mjw;Ff; fpl;ba gFjpapy;
fhw;Nwhl;lj; Jthuq;fs; mikj;jy;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs;> xspiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd> njhopDl;g cj;jpfs;

 xspr;nrwpT rpwg;G kl;lj;jpYk; mjpfupf;Fkhapd; mjidr; rPuhf;Ftjw;fhff;
ifahsjf;f topfs; tUkhW
 mYkpdpa tiy (Alum Net) gad;gLj;jy;
 epoy; tiy / fWg;Gepw tiy gad;gLj;jy;
 eiuepw / nre;epw %Lgil ,ly;
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidiar; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; epoy; kuq;fs; tsu;j;jy;
c + k; : fj;jhg;G> Njd;fjyp thio
 gapu;j;jhtu mlu;jj ; pia mjpfupj;jy;.
 xspr; n rwpT rpwg; G kl; l j; jpYk; FiwAkhapd; mjidr; rP u hf; F tjw; f hff;
ifahsj;jf;f toptiffs;
 $iu Nta;nghUshfj; njspthd fz;zhb my;yJ CLflj;Jk; jd;ikAs;s
nghypj;jd P ; gad;gLj;Jjy;
 xspia njwpf;fr; nra;Ak; tif %Lgil ,ly;.
 nraw;if xspKjy;fs; gad;gLj;jy;.
c - k; :
jw;fhyj;jpy; epfOk; fhyepiy khw;wq;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; Fwpg;ghf
[dtup> ngg;utup> khu;r;R khjq;fspy; thdk; mlu;e;j Kfpy;fshy;
kiwf;fg;gLtjd; tpisthf #upa xsp Fiwthff; fpilg;gjhy;>
xspj;njupg;G tPjk; FiwtilAkhapd; nraw;ifahf xsp toq;FtJ
Kf;fpakhdJ. mjw;fhf tlq;ffs; ,izj;J (LED) kpd; Fkpof ; isf;
nfhz;L 25 - 30Wm2 xspia jhtu ,dj;jpd; kPJ toq;Fjy;
Kf;fpakhFk;. ,jw;fhf 40% ePy> 40% rptg;G> 20% nts;is xsp
toq;FtJ ngupJk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
 xspr;nrwpT mjpfupf;Fk; tifapy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidia mikj;jy;.
Bio Systems Technology 13 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs; ntg;gepiyiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd njhopEl;g cj;jpfs;
 ntg;gepiy rpwg;G kl;lj;ij tpl mjpfupf;Fkhapd; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; tUkhW.

 Rtu;fspd; cauj;ij mjpfupj;jy;.

 miraj;jf;f Ytu; nghUj;Jjy; / kidf;$iuapy; jpwf;fj;jf;f rhsuq;fs;
mikj;jy;. (Roof top opening window) - gfypy; jpwe;J itj;jYk; ,utpy;
%b itj;jYk;.
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidiar; #o epoy; tiy ,ly; - Rtu;fspd; Nkyhf
fpilahf ,Lk; epoy; tiy 80% tiu mjpfupj;jy;. ,jid xU jpiur;ri P y
Nghd;W nrg;gQ; nra;aj;jf;fjhf ,Ug;gJ nghUj;jkhdJ.
 fpilahfr; Rtu;fspd; kPJ ,Lk; epoy; tiyf;Fg; gjpyhf 35 - 70%
tiuapyhd ntg;gj; jpiuahf (Thermal Screen) mYkpNdw;W ,ly; - ,jid
xU jpiur;rPiy Nghd;W fpilahfr; nrg;gQ; nra;aj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;
ey;yJ.
 tspia ntspg;gLj;Jk; (Exhaust Fans) nghUj;Jjy;.
 Fspuf; hw;Wg; ngWtjw;fhf> Fspu;jJ
; k; ePuj
; j
; hiufSf;F Clhf tPRk; fhw;iw
kidapDs; nrYj;Jjy; (Fan Pad) Kiw

 kidapDs; nkd;gdp Nghd;W ePiur; nrYj;jpf; Fspur; nra;tjw;fhf> Nke;jiy

ePu; tprpWk; my;yJ nkd;gdp Nghd;W nghopak; njhFjpnahd;wpidg; (Overhead
Spraying mist System) nghUj;Jjy;.

 tsp gjdhf;fp njhFjp (Air Conditioning System) nghUj;Jjy;.

Bio Systems Technology 14 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

  ntg;gepiy FiwtilAk; NghJ mjidr; rPuhf;Ftjw;fhff; ifahsj;jf;f
njhopDl;g cj;jpfs; tUkhW.
 %Lgil ,ly;
 Rtu;fspd; cl;Gw Nkw;gug;gpy; fLikahd epwg;G+r;R G+Rjy;.
 ntg;gr;RUs; gadgLj;jy;.
 Foha;fspd; topahf nte;ePu;> nfhjpePuhtp nrYj;Jjy;.

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l kidapDs; <uypg;igf; (<ug;gd;) fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Nfw;w njhopEl;g cj;jpfs;

 <ug;gjd; cau;thf ,Uf;Fkhapd; mjidr; rPuhf;Ftjw;fhff; ifahsj;jf;f cj;jpfs;
tUkhW.
 eypthd tbfhyikg;igr; rPu;nra;jy;
 gyfzp(Ytw;fisj; jpwe;J itj;jy; / kpd;tprpwpfis ,af;Fjy;.
 ,urhad cwpQ;rpfs; gad;gLj;jy;. (Chemical Absorbents - Silica Gel)

 <ug;gjd; FiwtilAkhapd; mjidr; rPun ; ra;tjw;fhff; ifahdj;jf;f cj;jpfs; tUkhW

 ePu; J}ypfs; (Sprinklers)
 %Lgdpahf;fpfs; (Foggers) gad;gLj;jy;.
 gf;fr; Rtu;fspy; ePupy; Cwtpl;l cwpQ;R gha;fs; njhq;ftply;.
c + k;: <ur; rhf;F> flw;gQ;R (Sponge Sheets)

#ow; fhuzpfisr; rPuhf;Ftjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f cgfuzq;fs;

 xsp  ntg;gepiy  <uypg;G

#ow; fhuzp msg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzk;

xsp xspr; nrwpTkhdp (Illumin Meter)
ntg;gepiy cau; ,opT ntg;gkhdp> #oy; ntg;gkhdp> kz; ntg;gkhdp
<ug;gjd; <ug;gjd; khdp> <uypg;G czupfs;dp (Sensors)

kz; #oiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

 kidapDs; cs; s kz; z py; gapu; nra; t njdpd; > mJ njhlu; g hf tpNrl
ftdQ;nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
c - k; : kz;izf; fpUkpaopj;jy;.
 kz;zpd;wpa gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf gad;gLj;Jk; jpz;k Clfq;fisAk; fpUkpaopj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
 NkYk; mg;gapur ; ra;if Clfq;fspd; pH kw;Wk; EC ngWkhdq;fisr; nrg;gQ;nra;tJk;
; n
mtrpkhFk;.

Nju;r;rp 11.40 - kz;zpd;wpa gapu;r; nra;ifapd; El;g Kiwfs;

 kz; jtpu;e;j Vida jpz;k> jput> thA Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
gapu;r;nra;ifNa kz;zpd;wpa (Soil - less culture) gapu;r;nra;if vd miof;fg;gLk;.
 ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,y;yq;fspDs; kz;zpNyh my;yJ kz; ,d;wpNah Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
gapur; ; nra;ifahFk;. kz;zpd;wpa gapu;rn
; ra;ifapy; kz; my;yhj gpw jpzk
; Clfq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

kz;zpd;wpa gapu;r;nra;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

 ghupa gapu; r ; n ra; i f epyg; g ug; G Njitg; g lhj efu; g ; G w gapu; e pyq; f s; kw; W k;
tPlL; j;Njhl;lg;gapu;r;nra;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjhf mikjy;.
 kz; fhuzkhfg; guTk; Neha;fs; ,opthf;fg;gly;
 gPilfs; Fiwthifahy; ,uhadg; gPil ehrpdpfspd; gad;ghL Fiwtiljy; fhuzkhf
#oy; khriljy; Fiwf;fg;gLjy;.
Bio Systems Technology 15 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna
 ghjfkhd kz; epiyikfs; fhuzkhf> gapu;r;nra;iff;Fg; gad;gLj;j Kbahj
epyq;fspy; ,k;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jf;$bajhapUj;jy;.
 ePu; kw;Wk; Nghriz tsq;fs; kpf tpidj;jpwDld; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhapUg;gjhy;
gapu;r;nra;if tpisnghUl;fspd; msT juKk; Nkk;gLjy;.
 epyk; gz;gLj;jy; fisfl;ly; Nghd;w njhopyhsu; clYiog;G mjpfstpy; Njitg;gLk;.
fUkq;fs; ,y;yhik.

kz;zw;w gapu;r;nra;if Kiwfs;

gapu;rn
; ra;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nfhs;fyd;> gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Clfk; Nghriz toq;fg;gLk;
Kiw vd;gtw;Wf;F Vw;g kz;zw;w tsu;gG ; Kiwfs; gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. kz;zpd;wpa ePu;ka Clfj;jpyhd tsu;g;G
2. kz;zpd;wpa jpz;k Clfj;jpyhd tsu;g;G

kz;zw;w jput Clfj;jpyhd tsu;g;G

Nghrizf; fiurypyhd tsu;g;G gpujhdkhf ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.
1. Nghrizf;fiury; fhw;Nwhl;l Kiw
2. Nghrizf;fiury; fhw;Nwhl;lkw;w Kiw

Nghrizf; fiury; fw;Nwhl;l Kiw

,q;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Nghriz Clff; fiury; Rw;wpNahLk;. ,J NkYk; ,uz;L tiffshfg;
gpupf;fg;gLk;.
 Moq;Fiwthd Nghrizf;fiury;> glyj; njhopDl;gk;
(Nutrient film technique - NFT)
 Mo;Nghriz xl;lj;njhopDl;gk; (Deep flow technique- DFT)
Moq;Fiwthd Nghrizf; fiury; glyj; njhopDl;g Kiw (Nutrient film technique- NFT)

 Kf;Nfhz tbtpy; tisj;Jj; jhahup nra;ag;gl;l fl;likg;G ,jw;nfdg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

Nghrizg; gjhu;j;jk; Moq;Fiwe;j nkd;rha;T nfhz;l fhdpD}lhf (Shall gully)
njhlu;r;rpahf ,aq;Fk; epiyapy; fhzg;gLk; njhopDl;g KiwahFk;.
 tisAe;jfTila PVC,Polycartonate, fibre glass film Nghd;wit gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

Mo; Nghrizf; fiurw; El;gKiw (Deep flow technique - DFT)

10cm tl;lKid
PVC Foha;

fiue;j fhw;Wg;
epiyapy; gk;gp gk;gp
gris fhw;W}l;lf;fy;
nfhz;l
ePu;j;njhl;b

Bio Systems Technology 16 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

  gk;gp
 Nghrizf; fiurw; fsQ;rpaj; njhl;b
 ntspNaWk; Nghrizf; fiury; kPz;Lk; njhl;bf;Fr; nry;Yk; Foha;
 100 kpy;ypkPw;wu; (100mm) tpl;lKs;s ntz;zpw gPtr P P (PVC) Foha; Foha;fs;
 Nghrizf;fiury; tpepNahfr; rpW Foha;fs;
 gapu;r;nra;if Fohahf> Mokhf mikf;fg;gl;l rhy; gad;gLj;jg;gly;
 gapUf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ,ilntsp mikAkhW> Fohapd; Nkw;gug;G Foha;
mikf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;
 jpz;k Clfk; epug;gg;gl;l tiyr;rhbfspy; ehl;ba ehw;Wfisg; gapu;r;nra;iff;
Fohapd; Nkw;g; gFjpapy; mikj;j Jisfspd; topNa Nghrizf; fiurypDs;
mkpo;j;jp itj;jy;.
 100 kpy;yp kPw;wu; tpl;lKs;s gapu;r; nra;iff; Fohapd; ghjpasT epuk;gpa epiyapy;
Nghrizf; fiuriyg; gha;e;Njhlr; nra;jy;
 Fohapd; topNa ghAk; Nghrizf; fiury;> mf;Fohapd; me;jj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;L
njhl;bapy; Nru;j;jy;
 mKf;fg; gk;gpapd; %yk; kPzL ; k; Nghrizf; fiuriy kPs;Row;rpg;gLj;Jjy;
 PVC Foha;fisj; jdpg;gilahfNth gy jl;Lf;fisf; nfhz;ljhf tisnesp
(Zig Zag) KiwapNyh mikj;jy;

Rw;Nwhl;l tif kz;zpdw

; pa gapur ; ra;if njhFjpnahd;iw (Nutrient film Technique NFT)
; n
mikg;gjw;fhf gbKiwfs;
 flw;gQ;R ( Sponge) ehw;WNkiliag; gad;gLj;jp ehw;Wf;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.
 ehw;WNkil gapu;r;nra;ifj; njhFjpiaj; jhgpj;jy;.
 gris Nru;e;j ePu; toq;Fjy;. (Fertigation)
 gPilf; fl;Lg;ghL.
 tpisnghUis mWtil nra;jy;.

fw;Nahlhj Clff; fiurypy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tsu;gG; (Non Circulation Solution Culture)

,J gpujhd %d;W tifg;gLk;.
 Ntu; mkpOk; njhopDl;gk; Root Dipping Technique
 kpjit tsu;gG; njhopDl;gk; Floating Culture
 kapu;j;Jis cwpQ;ry; tsu;g;Gj; njhopDl;gk; Capillary Action Culture

Ntu; mkpOk; njhopDl;gk;

 %b nfhz;l ];iuuNghk; ngl;b / gpshj;jpfF

; g;ngl;b kw;Wk; xl;Lg;gyifg;ngl;b
/ %b nfhz; l nfhs; f yd; Mfpad ,jw; F r; rpwe; j tdthFk; .
(cNyhfky;yhjit)
 nfhs;fydpd; Mok; 28 - 30 cm Mf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
Bio Systems Technology 17 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna
  ];iuNghk; ngl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtnjdpd; cl;Gwj;jpy; KOf;f Fiwe;jJ.
0.15 mm jbg;Gf; nfhz;l fWg;G epwg; nghypj;jd P ; tpupf;fg;gl;L mjd;
tpupk;Gfs; Nky; nfhz;L tug;gl;L nrNyhNlg; %yk; xl;Lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
 Nghrizf; fiury; ngl;bapd; 2/3 gFjpf;F epug;gg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
 ehw;Wf;fis eLtjw;F gpshj;jpf;F fpz;zq;fs;> my;yJ tiyf; fpz;zq;fs;
rpwe;jdthFk;. me;j fpz;zq;fspd; gf;fq;fspYk; mbapYk; Jisfis
,l;Lf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
 rpwpa Jisfs; nfhz;l ieNyhd; tiy fpz;zj;jpd; mbg;gFjpf;F ,lg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
 jpz;k Clfj;jpdhy; rhb epug;gg;gl;L ehw;Wf;fs; ehl;lg;glNtz;Lk;.
 njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghj;jpuj;jpd; %bapy; ehw;Wf;fs; nfhz;l rhbfis
itg;gjw;nfd nghUj;jkhd Jisfs; ,lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ghj;jpuj;jpDs;
fhw;Nwhl;lk; Vw;gLtjw;fhfTk; Clf fiuriy kPsTk; epug;gtjw;fhfTk;
ngl;bapd; %bapy; rpwpa Jisnahd;W ,lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 %bapy; ,lg;gl;l Jisfspy; ehw;Wf;fs; nfhz;l rhbfis itf;fTk;.
 mtw;wpd; mbg;gFjp Nghriz Clfj;jpy; 2- 3 cm mkpo;e;j epiyapy;
cs;sthW ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. (Ntu;j;njhFjpapd; 2/3 Nkw;gFjp tspAld;
njhLifAWkhWk; 1/3 gFjp Nghrizf; fiurYld; njhLifAWkhWk;
itj;jy; gpuNahrdkhdJ)
 ,jid MSif #oy; epge;jidfspd; fPo; itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

kpjit tsu;g;G njhopDl;gk;

kapu;j;Jis cwpQ;ry; tsu;g;Gj; njhopDl;gk;

Bio Systems Technology 18 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 jpz;k Clf tsu;g;G Kiwfs;
1. nfhs;fyd;fSs; tsu;gG; Nkw;nfhs;sy; (Coir bag or grow bag culture)

 ,k;Kiwapy; epug;gg;gl;L fpilahf J}f;fg;gl;l / FWf;fhf mLf;fg;gl;l

nghypjPd; igfSs; gapu;fs; tsu;f;fg;gLk;.
 100x20cm msT nfhz;l cl;Gwkhff; fWg;Gk; ntspGwkhf nts;is
epwKk; nfhz;l nghypj;jPd; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 ,t;nghypj;jPdpy; Jk;Gr;NrhW epug;gg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,t;nfhs;fyd; 3 - 5
gapu;fsf;fg; NghJkhdJ.
 ,q;F Rw;Nwhl;l Kiwapy;> Nghrizf; fiury; JspKiwapy; Nru;f;fg;gLk;.
Jk;Gr;NrhW topNa xb topAk; Nghrizf; fiury; kPzL ; k; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 ,q;F gy;NtW tsu;gG ; +lfq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mitahtd.
1. ghiwehu; tsu;g;G (Rockwool culture)
2. fz;zhbehu; tsu;g;G (Glasswool culture)
3. NtkpfpAyapl; tsu;gG; (Veimiculite culture)
4. Kw;wh epyj;jpup nfhs;fyd; tsu;g;G Kiw (Peat bag culture)
5. kzy;; tsu;g;G Kiw (Send culture)
6. ruisf;fy; Clf tsu;g;G Kiw (Tuffor Pumic culture)
 jpz;k Clfk; nrq;fy; Fw;wp Nghd;w Njhw;wj;ijf; nfhz;lJ. ,J block
vdg;gLk;.

2. ; fs;(Trench/ Raised bed culture)

cau;ghj;jp tsu;gG

3. tbfhy; nfhz;l Kiw (Drain system)

4. ; Kiw (Aero ponics)
fhw;W tsu;gG

Bio Systems Technology 19 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna

 kz;zpd;wpa gapu;r;nra;ifj; njhFjpapDs; gapu;r;nra;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ
vjpu;Nehf;fg;gLk;. kl;Lg;ghl;L epiyikfs;
 mbg;gil %yjdk; mjpfupj;jy;
 Fwpj;j nghUs;fisAk; njhopDl;gj;ijAk; gpuNahfpj;j gpd;du; mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
rl;lfj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhs;s NeupLjy;
 grisf; fiury; ehw;WfspDs; gputhfpj;jy; kw;Wk; ntspNawy; ePu;g;gk;gpapd; mKf;f
epuy; ePupd; msT vd;gtw;wpw;F mika epfOfpd;wikahy; mJ njhlu;ghf mwpT+l;lk;
ngw;wpUg;gJ mtrpakhjy;.
 Rw;Nwhl;lkhfr; nry;Yk; grisf; fiurypd; pH kw;Wk; EC ngWkhdq;fisr; rup
nra;a NeupLjy;
 ePu;g;gk;gpapd; nfhs;sT tiuaiwia tpl mjpfupj;Jr; nrhy;Ykplj;J gpur;ridfs;
Njhd;Wjy;.
 10 cm Rw;Nwhl;lkilAk; FohapDs; Ntu;j;njhFjp mkpo;e;J fhzg;gLkplj;J fhw;iwg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj; Njitahd epge;jidfisj; Njbg;ghu;j;jy;
 njhopDl;g mwpT mtrpakhjy;
 ngwg;gLk; Clfk; fpUkpaopf;fg;gl;ljhapUj;jYk;> kidapDs; EioAk; NghJ fpUkpfs;
mopf;fg;glj;jf;fthwhd mikg;G ,Ug;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

gpur;ridfisj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fj; Njitahd MNyhridfs;

 mbg;gil %yjdj;ijg; ngw;Wg;nfhs;tjw;fhd toptiffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
 Fwpj;j nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; njhopEl;gj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;j gpd; rl;lj;ij jpff; ftdkhfj;
jahupj;jy;.
 fiury; ehw;Wf;fspDs; gpuNtrpj;jYk; ntspNaWtJk; ePu;gg ; k;gpapd; mKf;f epuy;
 ePupd; msT vd;gtw;wpw;F Vw;g eilngWtjdhy; mJ njhlu;ghf ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;
 fw;Nwhl;lkilAk; njhFjpnahd;wpidj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ePu; ghAk; Foha;fs; gk;gpapd;
gf;fkhfr; rha;thfpapUf;FkhW mikj;jy;.
 ePu;g; gk;gpapd; nfhs;ssT mjd; tiuaiwia tpl mjpfupf;Fkplj;J Rw;Nwhl;lkilAk;
njhFjpf;F fiuriy toq;f Kd;du; gf;f topf; Foha; (By pass) %yk; kPz;Lk;
ePiugrisf; FohapDl; nrYj;Jjy;. ,jid ,J 1/2|| Fohapy; mikj;j Foha;
thapnyhd;wpd; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jp epfo;j;JtJ nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.
 fiury; Rw;Nwhl;lkilAk; FohapDs; Ntu;j; njhFjp mkpo;e;J fhzg;gLtJld;> tsp
ngWtjw;fhf Fohapd; 1/3-1/4 gFjpia ntWikahf itj;jpUf;f eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
 grisf; fiurypd; EC kw;Wk; pH ngWkhdk; cldbahf khw’wkiltjhy; fiuriy
GjpanjhU fiury; %yk; kPsj;jhgpj;jy;.
 NFT njhFjpfspy; Nghrizg; nghUl;fis toq;fk; NghJ Nghrizg; nghUl;fspd;
rupahd msitf; (nrk;ikiaf;) fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jdpahf xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l
GFj;jp (Injector) %yk; ePu; toq;fiyr; rpW FohapDl; nrYj;Jjy;.
 fpUkpaopj;jYf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd topKiwfisf; fifahsy;.
c-k;: cs;EioAk; fjT tOf;fpr; nry;Yk; fjthf (Sliding Door) ,uz;L ghjpfisf;
nfhz;ljhf mikj;y;. kw;Wk; ghjk; Njha;j;njhl;bia (Foot bath) fjtUNf
mikj;jy; vd;gd.
 epjKk; Nkw;ghu;it nra;jy;.

Bio Systems Technology 20 R.Hariharan BBST (UG), Universiity of Jaffna