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Chapter 10

The C++ I/O system provides a unified interface for handling various devices through streams, which are sequences of bytes used for input and output operations. The system includes stream classes defined in the iostream header file, with istream for input and ostream for output, utilizing overloaded operators for data handling. Additionally, functions like get() and getline() facilitate character and line-oriented input/output operations.

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2 views

Chapter 10

The C++ I/O system provides a unified interface for handling various devices through streams, which are sequences of bytes used for input and output operations. The system includes stream classes defined in the iostream header file, with istream for input and ostream for output, utilizing overloaded operators for data handling. Additionally, functions like get() and getline() facilitate character and line-oriented input/output operations.

Uploaded by

Pandu Ranga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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10.

Managing Console I/O


Operations
The I/O system in C++ is designed to work with a wide
variety of devices including terminals, disks, and tape drives.
Although each device is very different, the I/O system
supplies an interface to the programmer that is independent
of the actual device being accessed. This interface is known
as stream.

A stream is a sequence of bytes. It acts either as a source


from which the input data can be obtained or as a destination
to which the output data can be sent. The source stream that
provides data to the program is called the input stream and
the destination stream that receives output from the program
is called the output stream. In other words, a program
extracts the bytes from an input stream and
Inserts bytes into an output stream.

The C++ I/O system contains a hierarchy of classes that are


used to define various streams to deal with both the console
and disk files. These classes are called stream classes. These
classes are declared in the header file iostream. This file
should be included in all the programs that communicate with
the console unit.

The class istream provides the facilities for formatted and


unformatted input while the class ostream provides the
facilities for formatted output. The class iostream provides
the facilities for handling both input and output streams.

The >> operator is overloaded in the istream class and <<


is overloaded in the ostream class.
The classes istream and ostream define two member
functions get() and put() respectively to handle the single
character input/output operations . There are two types of
get() functions. We can use both get(char *) and get(void)
prototypes to fetch a character including the blank space, tab
and the newline character. The get(char *) version assigns
the input character to its argument and the get(void)
version returns the input character.

We can read and display a line of text more efficiently using


the lineoriented input/output functions getline() and
write(). The getline() function reads a whole line of text
that ends with a newline character.

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