UNIT-6

TEST , MEASUREMENT,
EVALUATION
.
 DEFINITION

TEST:- Test refers to the tools, methods or set of questions to measure a

dimension , quality or condition of a any person , object, event.
OR
A test is a tool to evaluate the skill, knowledge, capacities of an individual or a
group.
MEASUREMENT:- Measurement refers to the quantitative assessment and refers to the
scores obtained through test.

OR
Measurement is the use of test and techniques to collect information or data about specific
skills or fitness level of an individual.
EVALUATION:- Evaluation is a systematic assessment of the programme or test which
helps in decision making.

OR

It is the process of education that involves collection of data from the product which can
be used for comparison with

criteria to make judgement.

IMPORTANCE
1) FOR GETTING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PROCESS
2) FOR PREPARATION OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING
3) FOR KNOWING THE ABILITIES AND CAPABILITIES
4) FOR DISCOVERING THE NEEDS OF PARTICIPATION
5) FOR MOTIVATION
6) FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTSPERSON
7) FOR KNOWING THE ACHIEVEMENT IN FUTURE
8) FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION
9) FOR SELECTION OF A SPORTSPERSON
10) FOR COMPARING AND EVALUATING TRAINING METHOD
CALCULATION OF BMI
1)BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

Purpose: Body Composition refers primarily to the distribution of muscle and fat in the body. Body size
such as height, lengths and girths are also grouped under this component.

Equipment Required: Flat and Clean surface, Weighing Machine, Stadiometer/Measuring Tape
pasted on a wall.
PROCEDURE:- TO MEASURE THE HEIGHT ACCURATELY:
1) Remove the participant’s shoes, bulky clothing, and hair ornaments.
2) Have the participant stand with feet flat, together, and back against the wall.
3) Make sure legs are straight, arms are at sides, and shoulders are level.
4) Make sure the participant is looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel with the floor.

MEASURE WEIGHT ACCURATELY:-

1) Use a digital scale.
2) Place the scale on firm flooring (such as tile or wood) rather than carpet.
3) Have the participant remove shoes and heavy clothing, such as sweaters.
4) Have the participant stand with both feet in the center of the scale.
5) Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction (for example, 25.1 kilograms).
FORMULA:-
CALCULATION OF WAIST-HIP RATIO
WAIST HIP RATIO IS THE MEASUREMENT OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
DIVIDED BY HIP CIRCUMFERENCE.

The waist to hip ratio is an important tool that helps to determine the overall health
risk like diabetes-II, hypertension etc.

ADMINISTRATION:- To determine, if you have a healthy waist-hip ratio or

not,use measuring tape to measure the circumference of your hips at the widest
part of your buttock. After that measure your waist just above the belly button.
MEASUREMENT OF SKINFOLD( 3-SITE)
SKINFOLD TESTING ALSO KNOWN AS CALLIPER TESTING AND FATFOLD
THICKNESS IS A COMMONLY USED METHOD TO DETERMINE A CLIENT'S
BODY FAT PERCENTAGE.

–THE EQUIPMENT WE USE FOR THE MEASUREMENT IS SKINFOLD CALLIPER.

❖ ALWAYS TAKE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY
❖ AFTER LOCATING THE SITE, MARK WITH A PEN.
❖ FIRMLY GRASP A FOLD OF SKIN BETWEEN THUMB AND INDEX FINGER
AND LIFT IT UP.
❖ THEN PLACE THE CONTACT SURFACE OF THE CALLIPER AT 90
DEGREE ANGLE TO THE SKINFOLD APPROXIMATELY 1CM BELOW THE
FINGERS.
❖ SLIGHTLY RELEASE THE PRESSURE BETWEEN THE FINGERS BUT
REMAIN HOLDING THE SKINFOLD SO THAT A GREATER PRESSURE IS
APPLIED BY THE CALLIPERS.
❖ RELEASE THE HANDLE OF THE CALLIPER AND READ THE NEEDLE TO
THE NEAREST OF 0.1MM.
CHEST TRICEPS ABDOMEN THIGH
SOMATOTYPES OF BODY
NO TWO PERSONS ARE ALIKE. EVEN TWINS ARE ALSO NOT ALIKE. THEY ARE
DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER IN VARIOUS WAYS. THEREFORE THE
CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS ARE VERY IMPORTANT FOR TEACHER IN THE
FIELD OF SPORTS.THE SUCCESS OF AN ATHLETE OR SPORTS PERSON COMES
FROM COMBINATION OF ATHLETIC ABILITY AND PHYSIQUE OR BODY BUILD.
1) ACCORDING TO W H SHELDON:-
(I) ENDOMORPH
(II)MESOMORPH
(III)ECTOMORPH
 CLASSIFICATION
2) ACCORDING TO ERNEST KRESTSCHMER:-
(I) PYKNIC
(II) ASTHENIC
(III)ATHLETIC
3) ACCORDING TO HIPPOCRATES:-
(I) PHLEGMATIC
(II)SANGUINE
(III) CHOLERIC
(IV)MELANCHOLIC
1) ACCORDING TO W H SHELDON:-
(I) ENDOMORPH
❖ PEAR SHAPED BODY
❖ SHORT ARMS AND LEGS
❖ LOW COMPETITIVENESS POTENTIAL
❖ UNDERDEVELOPED MUSCLE
❖ MORE BODY FAT
❖ SPORTS AND SPORTS REQUIRE MORE STRENGTH

EG:- WEIGHTLIFTING, WRESTLING, POWER LIFTING

(II) MESOMORPH
➔ V-SHAPED BODY.
➔ STRONG/ATHLETIC BODY
➔ ARMS AND LEGS ARE OF BALANCED MEASURE
➔ HIGH LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS
➔ WELL DEVELOPED/ STRONGER MUSCLE.
➔ NORMAL BODY FAT
ECTOMORPH
★ RECTANGULAR SHAPED BODY
★ SLIM BODY
★ ARMS AND LEGS ARE THIN AND LONG.
★ MODERATE COMPETITIVENESS
★ LESS DEVELOPED MUSCLE.
★ VERY LITTLE OD BODY FAT
★ SPORTS LIKE:- VOLLEYBALL, BASKETBALL ETC
MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
THERE ARE FIVE COMPONENTS IN HEALTH RELATED FITNESS:-

1) CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE
2) MUSCULAR STRENGTH
3) MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
4) BODY COMPOSITION
5) FLEXIBILITY
1) CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE

Cardiovascular endurance is the ability to exercise the entire body for long period
of time. It requires a strong heart, healthy lungs and clear blood vessels to supply
the body with oxygen. Activities like swimming, running and aerobics. There are
various test to measure cardiovascular endurance such as:-
Harvard step test
Vo2 max test
Rockport fitness walking test
Tuttle pulse running test
Queens college step test
Harvard step test
Harvard step test was developed by Brouha in 1943 for the purpose of measuring
physical fitness for work and the ability to recover from work. The test was
originally designed for young men of college age.

Purpose: To determine aerobic fitness.

Objective: To perform step test continuously without break for 5 minutes or until

Equipment: Bench or wooden block 20 inches for men and 16 inches for women in
height; stopwatch; metronome
Procedure: Student will start test at the command “Go” and will step up and
down, on and off the wooden block or bench at the rate of 30 steps per minutes
for 5 minutes. Participant is given instructions that on the command ‘up’ or the
first sound of the metronome, he/she should place one foot on the bench; on the
second command ‘up’ or the second sound of the metronome, he/she should place
both feet fully on the bench with the body erect straightening the legs and
back.Exactly five minutes of steps, on the signal ‘stop’, the participant
immediately sits down on the bench. If the student is unable to maintain the pace,
then she/he is considered to be exhausted and the test is brought to an end before
completion of 5 min.
Pulse Count After completion of the test, the student sits down and the tester
takes the hearts beats between 1 to 1½ minutes.

Scoring: Fitness Index score will be determined by applying following equation:

2) MUSCULAR ENDURANCE

Muscular endurance is the ability of the muscles to exert themselves repeatedly. A

fit person can repeat movements for a longer period without undue fatigue. The
definition of muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle group to execute
repeated contractions over a period of time sufficient to cause muscular fatigue, or
to maintain a specific percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction for a
prolonged period of time.
Some test are :-
Sit-ups
Chin-ups
YMCA BENCH PRESS TES
MUSCULAR STRENGTH

The definition of muscular strength is the maximal force that can be generated by a
specific muscle or muscle group. Muscular endurance is defined as the ability of a
muscle or group of muscles to repeatedly exert force against resistance. Muscular
strength is defined as the maximum amount of force that a muscle can exert against
some form of resistance in a single effort.
Some test are:-
Kraus weber test
Phillips JCR TEST:-
J MEANS JUMP( VERTICAL JUMP) C MEANS CHINUPS TEST
R MEANS SHUTTLE RUN
FLEXIBILITY

Flexibility is the ability of a joint to move effectively through its full range of motion
without incurring pain. Movement happens due to muscle length, joint structure,
and other factors.

SOME TEST ARE:-

SIT AND REACH TEST
BACK STRETCH TEST FOR UPPER BODY FLEXIBILITY
BRIDGE UP TEST
SIT AND REACH TEST

Purpose: Common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles.
This test is important because tightness in this area is implicated in lumbar lordosis, forward pelvic tilt and lower back pain.

Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Sit and Reach box with the following dimensions: 12” x 12” (sides) 12” x 10” (front
and back) 12” x 21” (top).

PROCEDURE:-Procedure: This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead. Shoes should be
removed. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the Sit and Reach box. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat
to the floor - the tester may assist by holding them down. With the palms facing downwards, and hands on top of each
other, the subject reaches forward along the measuring line as far as possible. Ensure that the hands remain at the same
level, not one reaching further forward than the other. After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that
position for at one-two seconds while the distance is recorded. Make sure there are no jerky movements.
SCORING:- The score is recorded to the nearest centimeter or half inch as the
distance reached by the fingertips of both hands.
BACK SCRATCH TEST
Purpose: To determine upper body flexibility
Objective: To touch or overlap the finger of the both hands behind the back.
Equipment: 18 inches ruler’
Procedure: In standing position participant will
place one hand over the shoulder and one
hand middle of the back and try to touch or
overlap each other.
BRIDGE UP TEST