BACHELOR OF

MEDICINE BACHELOR
OF SURGERY (MBBS)
2024
CLINICAL ROTATIONS
POLICY AND
GUIDELINES
A MESSAGE FROM THE ASSOCIATE DEAN OF CLINICAL SERVICES

Student Doctors Clinical Rotation Kampala International University in Tanzania,

Congratulations on the completion of the classroom portion of your medical education.
As you begin your clinical rotations, I wanted to offer a few words of encouragement and
support. Initially, the transition from the classroom to actual patient encounters may
seem challenging, but I want you to be confident that you have received an excellent
education to prepare for this step in your journey.
Your next lessons will take place in clinics, hospitals, and operating rooms across the
country in the Teaching Hospitals. Your next few months will be filled with patient
encounters, educational lectures that occur while walking quickly down hospital
hallways, and evenings spent reading about patient diagnoses, all while trying to find
time to study for your next exam. You will quickly find that there are endless
opportunities to learn in the clinical environment.
You will find that your attending physicians are not your only teachers during your
clinical years. Your most important lessons will likely come from your patients. Learn
something from each patient that you encounter. You will be successful in your clinical
training when you remember that your patients are people.
They are not simply diagnoses or room numbers. Remember that you are not just
providing treatment for a disease, but you are serving individuals who come to you in
their most vulnerable moments. Make your clinical decisions while remembering that
each patient is someone’s mother, brother, daughter, or friend. Consider how each
decision impacts not only the patient but the loved ones that they value in their lives.
Know that KIUT and everyone in the Office of the Dean Faculty of Medicine and
Pharmaceutical Science are proud of your accomplishments thus far. We believe that
each of you will be an outstanding Physician.
Believe in yourself, trust your instincts, and embrace the challenges that stand before
you. We are here to support you for the remainder of this journey.
Carefully review this manual in its entirety. Refer to it often throughout your clinical
rotations years (Junior and Senior clerkships).
If you should have any questions, reach out to the Office of Associate Dean Clinical
Service.
Best wishes for a safe and healthy years.

Prof Ayoub R. Magimba.

Associate Dean, Clinical Services

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A MESSAGE FROM THE ASSOCIATE DEAN OF CLINICAL SERVICES ............................... ii
THE VISION .............................................................................................................................................. 1
THE MISSION ........................................................................................................................................... 1
PHILOSOPHY ............................................................................................................................................ 1
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE FACULTY ............................................................................................. 1
MISSION STATEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 2
MEDICAL ETHICS................................................................................................................................... 3
OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 4
DIVERSITY STATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 4
OFFICE OF ASSOCIATE DEAN CLINICAL SERVICES ................................................................ 5
OFFICE HOURS AND COMMUNICATIONS .................................................................................... 6
OFFICE OF ASSOCIATE DEAN CONTACT INFORMATION CLINICAL ROTATION ............ 6
ELIGIBILITY FOR CLINICAL ROTATIONS ....................................................................................... 7
CORE ROTATION SITES/HOSPITALS ............................................................................................. 8
STUDENT MISTREATMENT ................................................................................................................ 8
STUDENT HEALTH/NEEDLE STICK AND BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN EXPOSURE ..... 8
STUDENT MEDICAL CARE WHILE ON ROTATION ..................................................................... 9
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, HAZARDOUS WEATHER, AND EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS............................................................................................................................................ 10
STUDENTS PERSONAL SAFETY AND SECURITY ON ROTATION........................................ 10
DRIVING/PARKING SAFETY ............................................................................................................. 11
PATIENT CARE ACTIVITIES AND SUPERVISION....................................................................... 11
MEDICAL RECORDS/CHARTING ................................................................................................... 12
GENERAL ROTATION REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 12
ATTENDANCE ........................................................................................................................................ 12
DUTY HOURS AND FATIGUE MITIGATION: ................................................................................ 13
ROTATION DRESS CODE .................................................................................................................. 14
ROTATION SYLLABI ............................................................................................................................. 14
PROFESSIONALISM ............................................................................................................................. 14
PROCEDURE/CLINICAL SKILLS LOG ........................................................................................... 16
ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY .................................................... 16

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CLASSIFICATION AND AWARD OF THE BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(MBBS) DEGREE ................................................................................................................................... 17
PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING CLINICAL EXAMINTION: ............................................... 18
ELIGIBILITY TO SIT FOR EXAMINATIONS ................................................................................... 18
GUIDELINES TO STUDENTS ............................................................................................................ 20
GUIDELINES TO THE CLINICAL EXAMINERS ........................................................................... 24
APPENDIX A: CORE ROTATIONS SITES ....................................................................................... 27
APPENDIX B: EXAMPLES OF STUDENT MISTREATMENT .................................................... 28
APPENDIX C: KIUT FACULTY OF MEDICINE MARK SHEET ................................................. 29
APPENDIX D: COURSE FILE FOR BMS 3.1................................................................................. 31

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THE VISION

To be an institution of excellence, recognized globally in the areas of teaching

and research in health and related professionals.

THE MISSION

To respond to the societal and educational needs of the nation and continent at
large by developing and delivering excellent, pragmatic, and quality academic
programs in health and related professions that are responsive to the market
place and to enable students and staff to develop their potential and be able to
meet the increasing challenges that are brought about by the revolving needs of
the society.

PHILOSOPHY

To train health professionals who are conversant with the health problems of the
communities they will serve, and who have knowledge, skills and above all
appropriate attitudes that will make them sufficiently capable of running the
health services to achieve health for all in the coming decades.

To achieve our philosophy, Kampala International University Faculty of Medicine

and Pharmaceutical Sciences uses community-oriented programs, which, as
much as possible, are community based in their implementation. It also uses
implementation modalities that encourage active learning to ensure that the
graduates become lifelong self-directed learners. In addition to the curative
aspects of health service delivery, emphasis is also laid on disease prevention
and promotion of good health. Likewise, research is also an integral part of
KIUT’s programs.

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE FACULTY

1. To pursue excellence in teaching and scholarship.

2. To have staff and students fully involved in relevant research.
3. To develop community-oriented programs implementation through
community Based Education, Research, Management and Service
(COBERMS).
4. To produce graduates who are practical, competent, well informed,
efficient, self-reliant, and capable of functioning in and contributing
effectively to the development efforts in rural and urban situations.

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 5. To offer effective expertise in areas of national development.
6. To promote Science and Technology and their development in Tanzania,
Eastern Africa, and regions beyond.
7. To participate fully in the promotion of culture, professional ethics, and
behavioral integrity by functioning as good role models within the
community.
8. To train individuals who are responsive to the needs and well-being of
others.
9. To offer a range of opportunities for education and training to all those
who can benefit.
10.To provide the labor market of Tanzania and Eastern Africa, and the
African continent with highly competent medical professionals able to
contribute effectively to prevention, treatment, and management of the
health-related problems of society.
11.To foster the school of medicine graduates continued association with the
University through development of effective alumni association and
services.

MISSION STATEMENT

Mission: To prepare outstanding Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery clinicians

who are committed to the premise that the cornerstone of meaningful existence
is service to humanity.

The mission of the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (BMS) program at KIUT is
achieved by:

• Graduating Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery clinician.

• Providing a values-based learning community as the context for teaching,
research, and service.
• Serving the health and wellness needs of people within the Appalachian
region and beyond.
• Focusing on enhanced access to comprehensive health care for
underserved communities.
• Investing in quality academic programs supported by superior faculty and
technology.
• Embracing compassionate, patient-centered care that values diversity,
public service, and leadership as an enduring commitment to
professionalism and the highest ethical standards.
• Facilitating the growth, development, and maintenance of graduate
medical education.

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MEDICAL ETHICS

Medical Ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of

clinical medicine and related scientific research. Medical ethics is based on a set
of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict.
These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence,
and justice. Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create
a treatment plan and work towards the same common goal. It is important to
note that these four values are not ranked in order of importance or relevance
and that they all encompass values pertaining to medical ethics. However, a
conflict may arise leading to the need for hierarchy in an ethical system, such
that some moral elements overrule others with the purpose of applying the best
moral judgement to a difficult medical situation. Medical ethics is particularly
relevant in decisions regarding involuntary treatment and involuntary
commitment.
There are several codes of conduct. The Hippocratic Oath discusses basic
principles for medical professionals. This document dates to the fifth century
BCE. Both The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and The Nuremberg Code (1947)
are two well-known and well respected documents contributing to medical
ethics. Other important markings in the history of medical ethics include Roe v.
Wade in 1973 and the development of hemodialysis in the 1960s. More recently,
new techniques for gene editing aiming at treating, preventing, and curing
diseases utilizing gene editing, are raising important moral questions about their
applications in medicine and treatments as well as societal impacts on future
generations, yet remain controversial due to their association with eugenics.
As this field continues to develop and change throughout history, the focus
remains on fair, balanced, and moral thinking across all cultural and religious
backgrounds around the world. The field of medical ethics encompasses both
practical application in clinical settings and scholarly work
in philosophy, history, and sociology.
Medical ethics encompasses beneficence, autonomy, and justice as they relate
to conflicts such as euthanasia, patient confidentiality, informed consent, and
conflicts of interest in healthcare. In addition, medical ethics and culture are
interconnected as diverse cultures implement ethical values differently,
sometimes placing more emphasis on family values and downplaying the
importance of autonomy. This leads to an increasing need for culturally
sensitive physicians and ethical committees in hospitals and other healthcare
settings. During clinical rotations students are eligible and mandated to observe
medical ethics and good clinical conduct.

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Clinical rotating students from KIUT are mandated to adhere with the students’
code of conduct, behavior and disciplinary hearing as stipulated in a KIUT
students hand book part eight.

OVERVIEW

This manual provides an overview of the current policies and procedures of

Kampala International University in Tanzania (KIUT for Bachelor of Medicine and
Surgery (BMS) program that pertain to Junior and clerkships clinical rotations.
KIUT reserves the right to make changes at any time regarding educational
policies, schedules, training sites, evaluation procedures or any other aspects of
the clinical training program. Changes will occur, as needed, to maintain
educational requirements, standards, or the quality of the program.

Every effort is made to notify students in a timely manner when changes are
implemented, and new or revised policies are instituted. Changes will be effective
on the date of notification. The Vice Chancellor, whose decision is final, will
resolve any conflicts regarding the application or interpretation of the policies
contained in this manual. The KIUT Student Clinical Rotation Guideline and
Procedure is the primary student guide, and the students are expected to comply
with the rules, regulations, and policies of affiliate clinical rotation.

sites. Any conflicts that may arise between statements in this document and
policies at affiliate sites should be brought to the attention of the Associate Dean
for Clinical Services for resolution.

Kampala International University is an Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action

education institution. In support of its Mission Statement, KIUT is committed to
equal opportunity in recruitment, admission, and retention of all students and
in recruitment, hiring, training, promotion, and retention for all.

employees. In furtherance of this commitment, Kampala International University

in Tanzania prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnicity,
religion, sex, national origin, age, ancestry, disability, veteran status, sexual
orientation, marital status, parental status, gender, gender identity, gender
expression, and genetic information in all University programs and activities.
Instructions for reporting potential violations can be found at www.kiut.ac.tz.

DIVERSITY STATEMENT

KIUT recognizes that fostering diversity among its students, faculty, staff, and
administration is essential to prepare outstanding health professionals and
educators. Only by reflecting, embracing, and nurturing the varied traits, values,

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and interests of the people across Tanzania and beyond can KIUT effectively train
physicians to provide quality and compassionate health care for all.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are important concepts that govern how KIUT
operates. Diversity involves embracing a wide range of varied backgrounds,
identities, characteristics, experiences, and perspectives. Equity involves
fairness and justice in access, treatment, and opportunity. Inclusion involves
intentional, active participation and contribution by everyone.

KIUT values and supports a community that is diverse in race, ethnicity, culture,
sexual orientation, sexual identity, gender identity and expression,
socioeconomic status, language, national origin, religious affiliation, spiritual
practice, mental and physical ability/disability, physical characteristics, veteran
status, political ideology, age and any other status protected by law in the
recruitment and admission of students, recruitment and employment of
employees, and in the operation of all its programs, activities, and services.

We acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of our history and are continually
trying to cultivate a community that values diversity, challenges discrimination
and injustices, and addresses disparities and inequities.

KIUT is committed to providing equal access to educational and employment

opportunities. We strive to maintain an environment that is safe, civil, respectful,
humane, and free of all forms of harassment and discrimination. KIUT pledges
to train highly educated, culturally sensitive professionals who mirror the diverse
populations they serve.

OFFICE OF ASSOCIATE DEAN CLINICAL SERVICES

Mission and Basic Procedures

i. The Office of Associate Dean Clinical Services oversees all aspects of the
medical student’s clinical rotation throughout Junior and Senior
clerkship.
ii. The Faculty has Clinical Rotations Coordinator who serves as the student’s
primary on-campus contact.
iii. KIUT Rotations Coordinators assist students with scheduling clinical
rotations and monitor students’ progress toward meeting curricular
requirements.
iv. Clinical rotation assignments are based on multiple factors, including
availability of preceptors and the interests and preferences of the
individual student.

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 v. Rotation assignments may change secondary to multiple factors at the
rotation site.

Students are encouraged to share information such as clinical interests,

preferences for locations, and types of facilities (rural community vs. urban
academic) with their KIUT Rotations Coordinator, as this information can be
helpful when scheduling rotations.

OFFICE HOURS AND COMMUNICATIONS

i. Hours for the Office of Associate Dean Clinical Services are 8:00 am to
5:00 pm, Eastern African Time, Monday through Friday. Please note that
the KIUT campus is closed for specific holidays and occasionally for
weather emergencies.
ii. The preferred method of communication with the Office of Associate Dean
Clinical Services is via Telephone, Letter, WhatsApp, Notes boards and
KIUT email.
iii. It is the student’s responsibility to check their KIUT email account daily
for notifications and instructions from KIUT. Please initiate
communication through your KIUT email account only.
iv. Messages will not be read from or sent to students’ personal email
accounts. Telephone communication is always acceptable and is preferred
for emergencies.

OFFICE OF ASSOCIATE DEAN CONTACT INFORMATION CLINICAL

ROTATION

(JUNIOR AND SENIOR CLARKESHIP) FACULTY OF MEDICINE:

DEPARTMENT NAME TITTLE PHONE EMAIL
NUMBER

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ELIGIBILITY FOR CLINICAL ROTATIONS

The eligibility criteria will be guided by KIUT Academic Performance in Medicine

and Surgery 6.9 (h-o) as stipulated in the KIUT students guide book and a
student must have gone through biomedical sciences.

h) A candidate shall not be considered to have passed any clinical course

unless and until he/she has passed the clinical components of the
examination, whereby 40% is from Formative Assessment (FA) and 60%
from the final examination and contribution by written and clinical
examinations.
i) A candidate who fails junior clerkship clinical rotation examination shall
be required to do a supplementary rotation during the long vacation after
semester 6. A candidate who fails senior clerkship clinical rotation shall
be required to do a supplementary rotation after semester 10. The
supplementary rotation is half the duration of that rotation. For rotations,
which have less than 6 weeks duration, the period of supplementary
rotation will be full duration. The maximum tenure of 14 semesters shall
not be exceeded.
j) A candidate with incomplete course work in any semester will not be
allowed to sit for the end of module or rotation examination.
A candidate who passes a supplementary examination at any level shall
be awarded a “C” grade equivalent to 2.0 grade points.
k) Progression to semester 7 and 8 is subject to completing and passing all
clinical rotations in semesters 5 and 6; and progression to semester 9 and
10 is subject to completing and passing all clinical rotations in semester 7
and 8.
l) A final satisfactory elective research report from semester 7 and 8 must be
submitted at least 8 weeks prior to the final semester 10 rotation
examination, failure of which will deem the candidate ineligible to sit for
the final examination.
m) No student will be allowed to graduate if he/she has not completed all
fieldwork assignments and submitted relevant reports; and
n) A student shall be awarded the MBChB degree after passing all prescribed
courses in the MBChB programme.
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 o) A candidate whose work or progress is considered unsatisfactory may be
directed by the Senate, on the recommendation of the appropriate College,
School or academic Institute Board, to withdraw from the University or to
repeat any part of the course before admission to an examination. Failure
in an examination, including a session or semester examination, may be
regarded as evidence of unsatisfactory progress.

CORE ROTATION SITES/HOSPITALS

KIUT has developed clinical teaching agreements/Memorandum of

Understanding with National Referral Hospital, Zonal Referral, Private
Designated Hospitals and Regional Referral Hospitals based clinical Core
Rotation Sites. Students will work closely with practicing physicians and
experience direct interactions with the patients, families and communities served
by the Core Rotation Site/Hospitals.

Unless otherwise notified, students are expected to complete Core Rotations at

the Core Rotation Site. A current list of KIUT Core Rotation Sites/Hospitals with
contact information is included as Appendix A of this manual.

STUDENT MISTREATMENT

1. KIUT has zero-tolerance for student mistreatment. See Appendix B for

examples of student mistreatment.

2. If you feel that you have been mistreated, please notify the Associate Dean of
Clinical Services and/or the Dean(s) of Medicine or Deputy Vice Chancellor
Academic Affairs.

3. Grades and evaluations are NOT impacted by reporting student mistreatment.

STUDENT HEALTH/NEEDLE STICK AND BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN

EXPOSURE

If a student experiences a needle stick, sharps injury, or has exposure to bodily

fluids while on a clinical rotation, the student should:

i. Immediately wash the area, scrubbing skin with soap and water or go to
an eyewash station if eyes are affected.
ii. Immediately report the incident to the physician preceptor and/or your
immediate supervisor. Prompt reporting is essential. In some cases, post-
exposure treatment may be recommended and should be started as soon
as possible. If there is potential exposure to HIV, it is imperative.

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 to initiate prophylactic treatment within two hours of the incident. Without
prompt reporting, the source patient may be discharged or lost to follow
up before testing for infectious disease can be conducted.

iii. Seek post-exposure services. Clinical sites will have a policy in place for
exposure to blood borne pathogens, with a point of contact. The student
should follow the policy of the training site. If at a Core Site, contact the
Site Coordinator and Nursing Supervisor for instructions. If on a non-Core
Rotation, contact the nursing supervisor. If it is after hours or if the
student cannot locate a person to guide them, the student should go
immediately to the emergency department and identify themselves as a
student who has just sustained an exposure. Be sure to present your
personal National Health Insurance card (NHIF) for the health services
rendered thereafter.
iv. Complete and submit the KIUT Incident Report. The student must report
the incident to their KIUT Clinical Rotations Coordinator and complete and
submit the KIUT Incident Report within 24 hours of the
incident/exposure. The training site may require the student to complete
a separate incident report for their facility. The KIUT Incident Report can
be obtained from the Office of the Associate Dean of Clinical Services by
contacting the Administrator of the office of the Associate Dean of Clinical
Services. It is extremely important that students report incidents
within 24 hours to KIUT to avoid problems occurring later with
reimbursement for post-exposure treatment.

STUDENT MEDICAL CARE WHILE ON ROTATION

i. If a student should need emergency care while on rotations, it is

recommended that the student report to the nearest emergency room or
call the office of Dean Students affairs. The students’ safety is of the
utmost importance to KIUT.
ii. If a student becomes ill or has an emergency health issue while on-site
during their rotation, the training facility can render care, but is not
responsible for the cost of such care.
iii. Students are financially responsible for any medical care they receive at a
training site.
iv. A health professional providing health services, via a therapeutic
relationship, must recuse themselves from the academic assessment or
promotion of the student receiving those services. The student must
contact the Associate Dean of Clinical Services and/or the Dean of Faculty

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 of Medicine for completion of evaluation if their preceptor has provided
personal medical care while on rotation.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, HAZARDOUS WEATHER, AND EMERGENCY

SITUATIONS

The health and safety of our students, faculty and staff are the primary concern
of KIUT and are the guiding principles behind our management of catastrophic
events.

i. In the event of an emergency, natural disaster, or severe weather, students

are expected to follow the policies and procedures outlined at the specific
Core Site or facility where they are located.
ii. Hazardous weather advisories/direction from local services and the
National Weather Service should be followed.
iii. In the event of such an emergency, the student should notify the Office of
Associate Dean of Clinical Services or Dean of students Affairs at KIUT as
soon as is feasible as to their location, updated contact information, and
status.
iv. If KIUT does not receive notification from a student involved in an
emergency/disaster situation within 12 hours, every effort will be made to
contact the student to confirm their whereabouts and safety.
v. If a student’s rotation schedule is interrupted due to hazardous weather
conditions or other emergency, students should contact their KIUT
Rotations Coordinator as soon as possible.
vi. KIUT will make every effort to assist in arrangement for alternative
housing, training, and other supportive needs for students involved in
unforeseen events/natural disasters

STUDENTS PERSONAL SAFETY AND SECURITY ON ROTATION

i. Students who experience an incident regarding their personal safety

should report the incident to the appropriate authority immediately. The
student should then report any incident(s) regarding their personal safety
to Associate Dean of Clinical Services and/or the Dean of Faculty of
Medicine as soon as possible.
ii. To ensure student safety at clinical rotation sites, the Office of Associate
Dean of Clinical Services conducts routine site visits to evaluate the safety
of students at those clinical sites. Any clinical site deemed unsafe is
immediately discontinued. If you feel unsafe due to a patient or employee
at your rotation site, immediately report this to your preceptor, the office

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 manager, or security. If this is not addressed immediately by on-site
personnel, report it to the Associate Dean of Clinical Services or Dean of
Faculty of Medicine.
iii. If there is ever a safety concern with a preceptor or Core Rotation Site, the
student should report it immediately to their KIUT Rotations Coordinator
and the Associate Dean of Clinical Service/Dean.
Safety Tips:
a. Do not leave valuables such as your wallet, cellular phone, checkbook,
jewelry, lab coat or keys in plain sight.
b. Be sure to mark easily stolen items like cell phones and computers.
Keep a list of serial numbers, model numbers and descriptions so that
these items can be easily identified.
c. Lock doors and windows when going out. Never prop doors open when
entering/exiting an apartment/dormitory building.
d. Do not store a large amount of cash in your wallet.
e. Use the “buddy system” go out with a friend, especially if you are going
out late at night.
f. Walk purposefully. Look confident. Watch where you are going. Avoid
shortcuts through isolated areas. Be alert to your surroundings. If you
have concerns at your rotation location, call Security for an escort.
g. If you see unusual activity or someone loitering, call Security
immediately.

DRIVING/PARKING SAFETY

i. Lock all doors and close all windows when leaving your car.
ii. Park in well-lit areas and try not to walk alone to/from parking areas at
night. If available, call Security for an escort to/from your vehicle.
iii. Have your keys ready as you approach your vehicle. Check for intruders
before entering and lock the door immediately after getting into your
vehicle.
iv. If you must store valuables in your vehicle, store them out of sight
(preferably locked in trunk).

PATIENT CARE ACTIVITIES AND SUPERVISION

i. Each Core Site will define the degree of student involvement in patient care
activities at that facility.
ii. Students must comply with all of the general and specific rules and
medical ethics established by the hospital, clinic, or facility at which they
are being trained.

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iii. Students are always under the direct supervision of a licensed healthcare
provider. Students are not legally or ethically permitted to practice
medicine or independently assume responsibility for patient care.
iv. The attending physician is responsible for the medical care of the patient.
A student may be involved in assisting in the care of a patient, but only
under the direct supervision of a licensed physician or other licensed
healthcare provider while on the assigned clinical rotation.

MEDICAL RECORDS/CHARTING
i. Students may document services in the medical record; however, the
supervising physician must verify in the medical record all student
documentation or findings, including history, physical exam and/or
medical decision making. The supervising physician may verify specific
information that the student documented in the medical record rather
than re-documenting this work.
ii. Rotation sites may have designated pages in the paper chart, often brightly
colored, set aside for student documentation. This allows the student to
practice their documentation skills but will not become a part of the
permanent medical record. These notes should also be reviewed and
signed by the supervising physician. If dictation or computerized entry by
students is allowed, those notes must also be reviewed and signed by the
attending physician.
iii. Students are responsible for obtaining charting/documentation
instructions from the preceptor or clinical site coordinator at each rotation
site. The student must always sign and date all entries into the medical
record by name and educational status, such as John Shija, KIUT-
III/IV/V.
iv. Student notes are never to serve as the attending physician’s notes

GENERAL ROTATION REQUIREMENTS

ATTENDANCE

i. One hundred percent (100%) attendance is expected at all clinical

rotations.
ii. ANY absence from clinical rotations, including illness, must be excused by
the preceptor and the Office of the Associated of Clinical Services in
advance. Illness must be reported to the preceptor and Site Coordinator
as soon as possible. Absence from a rotation in excess of two days or any
unexcused absence will be reviewed by the Associate Dean of Clinical

12
 Services and/or the Dean(s) of Medicine and could result in failure of the
rotation and appearance before the Student Affairs Committee.
iii. Any absence during rotation work hours must be made up by the student
according to a plan that is pre-approved by the Office of the Dean of
Clinical Services.
iv. Absences will not be excused for travel to elective rotations or medical
mission work.
v. Fulfillment of the academic program at KIUT is the top priority and it is
the student’s responsibility to fulfill all course/rotation requirements.
vi. Failure to adhere to the KIUT attendance policy is considered
unprofessional behavior and will be subject to disciplinary action,
including meeting with the Student disciplinary Committee with possible
dismissal.

DUTY HOURS AND FATIGUE MITIGATION:

i. The KIUT academic calendar does not apply to students on clinical
rotations. Each clinical training site sets its own schedule.
ii. Overnight call, weekend coverage, and holiday assignments are at the
discretion of the training site.
iii. A typical day will begin at 8:00 a.m. and end at 5:00 p.m. Work hours are
at the discretion of the supervising physician.
iv. A typical workweek is 60-72 hours per week. The workweek shall be
limited to a minimum of 40 hours and a maximum of 84 hours.
v. Students are expected to complete a minimum of 280 hours over the
course of the 6-week period.
vi. Rotations may not be shortened by working extra hours some weeks in an
effort to complete the rotation in less than six weeks.
vii. The maximum duration of any work period will be 24 hours and must be
followed by a minimum of 12 hours off duty.
viii. No student shall be required to be on call or perform night duty after a day
shift more than once every three days.
ix. Students shall be given a minimum of two days off every 14 days. This
requirement may be met by giving a student every other weekend off but
is at the discretion of the supervising Physician/Clinical Lecturer.
x. If a student experiences fatigue while on shift and feels unsafe in treating
patients or to commute from the hospital, the student should notify their
preceptor, the Site Coordinator and/or the Office of Associate dean of
Clinical Services to facilitate alternate arrangements. The student should
not fear retaliation for notification of fatigue.

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ROTATION DRESS CODE
i. Students should wear clean, wrinkle-free, short white coats and
identification (ID) badges in all clinical environments (unless told
otherwise by the attending physician).
ii. The ID badge must always be worn above the waist and always be visible.
iii. In addition to the ID badge issued by KIUT, students may also be issued
an ID badge by the clinical training site to give them access to secure areas.
• Students must wear one or both badges, as instructed by their
rotation site.
iv. Clothing worn by students should reflect professional status. Shirts,
dresses, tailored pants, slacks (ankle length), blouses, skirts and sweaters
should be clean, neat, and non-wrinkled. Dresses and skirts must be of
sufficient/professional length (knee length).
v. White coats are expected to be kept clean, pressed and in good repair.
vi. Footwear should include casual dress or dress shoes with closed toes.
vii. Good personal hygiene is expected. Students should not wear perfume or
aftershave. Jewelry should be kept to a minimum.
viii. If an affiliated hospital or a clinical site has a dress code that differs from
KIUT, the student will follow the dress code of that training facility.
ix. If scrubs are made available by the hospital or facility, these scrubs must
be returned to the facility before leaving the rotation.

ROTATION SYLLABI
A syllabus for each rotation, including rotation requirements, didactics, and
grading criteria is covered and well elaborated in the KIUT prospectus and the
attached course file APPENDIX D.

PROFESSIONALISM
i. Patient Safety: The student’s primary concern should be the health and
safety of the patient. Students are expected to exercise good judgement
and immediately notify the preceptor of any circumstances which they
perceive may lead to patient harm. Before beginning rotations, students
receive training in BMS, universal precautions, blood borne pathogens and
potential health risks. Students will perform only procedures authorized
by the preceptor and all procedures shall be performed under the
supervision of the preceptor or other licensed provider.
ii. Cultural Competence: Patient safety depends on culturally competent
provision of care. Students must demonstrate respect and empathy for all
persons of diverse cultures, values, and beliefs. Students will develop an
understanding of the role that culture plays in how the patient perceives

14
 health and illness and responds to various symptoms, diseases, and
treatments. While first considering the health of the patient, the student
will learn to meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of a diverse
patient population.

iii. Inter-professional Collaborative Practice: While on rotations, students

will interact with inter-professional healthcare teams, including other
students. Understanding other professions and their student’s role in the
healthcare team is critical. Students will develop a team-based
collaborative approach to patient care and understand that team
interaction and communication improves patient outcomes and quality of
care.
iv. Alcohol and substance abuse during clinical rotations will not be
tolerated. Students receiving substance abuse treatment or found to be
using illegal or non-prescribed substances will be removed from their
rotation immediately and will go before the Student Disciplinary
Committee. Please refer to the KIUT Student Handbook for specific details.
v. Student/Patient Relationship: The relationship between the medical
student and patient should always remain at a professional level. The
student is not to engage in relationships with patients that are construed
as unethical or illegal. The student is not to contact any patients outside
of their professional duties as a medical student. This includes any direct
communication, through social media, or any other means. Dating and
intimate relationships with patients is never a consideration.
Unprofessional conduct will be considered improper behavior and will be
grounds for disciplinary action, including dismissal from KIUT.

vi. Student Conduct: KIUT students are expected to conduct themselves at

all times in such a way that brings credit to themselves, to LMU-DCOM,
and to the Medical Profession.
vii. Non-Clinical Experiences.
• It is important for students to participate in non-clinical experiences
(e.g., tumor board, journal club, hospital committees, etc.) in order
to understand and appreciate the full spectrum of activities in which
physicians are involved.
• Students are expected to participate in as many non-clinical
experiences as recommended by the supervisors or rotation
coordinator.

15
PROCEDURE/CLINICAL SKILLS LOG
i. Students are encouraged to utilize the Case Logs to record procedures as
they are performed.
ii. Student grades will not be influenced by the number of procedures
recorded, but the log will serve as a method for students to track their
performance of common procedures typically encountered during clinical
rotations.
iii. All clinical rotations programs will request a list of procedures performed
by students.
iv. The log can serve as a tool to assist KIUT to evaluate the clinical
experiences received by students at various training sites. A list of common
procedures is found on the Case Logs menu.

NOTE:

• Each core departments have their own log books for clinical
procedures, however, total mark of 10% from a log books
contribute toward a final clinical assessment.
• Students will not be allowed to sit for clinical examinations if
she/he has not submitted completed and signed log book by his/her
clinical supervisor.

ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY

As it is stipulated in the student’s Handbook of University Policies, Rules and

Regulations 6.9 (h)-(p) as follows:

h) A candidate shall not be considered to have passed any clinical course

unless and until he/she has passed the clinical components of the
examination, whereby 40% is from Formative Assessment - FA and 60%
from the final examination and contribution by written and clinical
examinations.
i) A candidate who fails junior clerkship clinical rotation examination shall
be required to do a supplementary rotation during the long vacation after
semester 6. A candidate who fails senior clerkship clinical rotation shall
be required to do a supplementary rotation after semester 10. The
supplementary rotation is half the duration of that rotation. For rotations,
which have less than 6 weeks duration, the period of supplementary

16
 rotation will be full duration. The maximum tenure of 14 semesters shall
not be exceeded.
j) A candidate with incomplete course work in any semester will not be
allowed to sit for the end of module or rotation examination.
k) A candidate who passes a supplementary examination at any level shall
be awarded a “C” grade equivalent to 2.0 grade points.
l) Progression to semester 7 and 8 is subject to completing and passing all
clinical rotations in semesters 5 and 6; and progression to semester 9 and
10 is subject to completing and passing all clinical rotations in semester 7
and 8.
m) A final satisfactory elective research report from semester 7 and 8 must be
submitted at least 8 weeks prior to the final semester 10 rotation
examination, failure of which will deem the candidate ineligible to sit for
the final examination.
n) No student will be allowed to graduate if he/she has not completed all
fieldwork assignments and submitted relevant reports; and
o) A student shall be awarded the MBBS degree after passing all prescribed
courses in the MBBS programme.
p) A candidate whose work or progress is considered unsatisfactory may be
directed by the Senate, on the recommendation of the appropriate College,
School, or academic Institute Board, to withdraw from the University or to
repeat any part of the course before admission to an examination. Failure
in an examination, including a session or semester examination, may be
regarded as evidence of unsatisfactory progress.

CLASSIFICATION AND AWARD OF THE BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND

SURGERY (MBBS) DEGREE

The MBBS degree shall not be classifiable in terms of first or second class and
pass. However, passes in individual courses shall be graded as shown below and
a Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) may also be calculated.

Percentage Mark Letter Grade Grade Point

80 – 100 A 5

75 – 79 .9 B+ 4.5

70 – 74 .9 B 4

65 – 69 .9 B- 3.5

60 – 64.9 C+ 3

17
55 – 59.9 C 2.5

50 – 54.9 C- 2

45 – 49.9 D+ 1.5

40 – 49.9 D 1

35 – 39.9 D- 0.5

Below 35 F 0

NB: Apart from calculating the cumulative GPA; the degree is otherwise not
classifiable. The MBChB degree shall be awarded to that person who successfully
fulfills all the requirements of the whole programme here in described unless the
Board of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences recommends
otherwise and the Senate of KIUT approves.

PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING CLINICAL EXAMINTION:

ELIGIBILITY TO SIT FOR EXAMINATIONS

The following shall be the requirements for a student to sit or be eligible to sit
for examinations:

a) Completion of fees shall be a necessary precondition for registration of

semester examination.
b) All students must have paid in full Student Union, Caution Money,
Identity Card Money, NHIF, Registration Fee.
c) To sit for CAT I, all students must have paid at least 50% of the University
fees.
d) To sit for CAT II, all students must have paid at least 75% of the University
fees.
e) To sit for Final Examinations, all students must have paid 100% of the
University fees.
f) No Candidate will be allowed to sit for the semester examinations unless
he/she has satisfactorily attended all prescribed courses of study for that
particular semester and has attended classes effectively for at least 75%
of lectures, seminars, and all necessary course requirements and 90% for
health science related courses.
g) A student who fails to meet a minimum of 75% and or 90%, respective
attendance in a particular semester with compelling reasons as
determined by the Senate shall be allowed to repeat the semester.

18
h) A student who fails to meet a minimum of 75% and or 90%, respective
attendance in a particular semester without compelling reasons as
determined by the Senate shall be discontinued from studies.
i) A student who fails to meet a minimum of 75% and or 90%, respective
attendance on a particular course with compelling reasons as determined
by the Senate shall be allowed to carry over the course.
j) Each candidate must have completed all the required course work
assessment of the module or course being examined.
k) A candidate must not have been barred by any lawful managerial order.
l) No Candidate shall be admitted to any examination in any course unless
he/she has sat for Continuous Assessment Tests, completed
assignment(s) or research work in the scheduled time.
m) A candidate must clear his/her prescribed fees with the Director of
Finance to qualify for any CAT or assessments/examinations.
n) A candidate must collect Examination Card from the Academic Registrar’s
office and present it to the invigilator before the commencement of
examinations.
o) At any time during examinations, persons from Finance Department can
request a student to declare his/her Examination Card.
p) A student who refuses to declare the Examination Card once requested
shall committee an offence and shall be subjected to disciplinary action as
shall be recommended by the Students Disciplinary Committee.
q) A student must have registered on line all the courses intended to be done
with the Faculty/School/Department prior to the release of Examination
Timetable.
r) Any course sat for that was not registered shall be cancelled and registered
as a course not sat for.
s) A Candidate who fails to fulfil requirements as mentioned above in any
course but sits for the examinations will have his/her results nullified and
will be discontinued from studies or the course shall be registered as failed
course as the Students Disciplinary Committee shall deem appropriate.
t) The doors to the examination room close 30 minutes after the start of the
examinations.
u) A candidate shall not be allowed to enter the exam room after 30 minutes
unless he/she has the permission of an Invigilator.
v) The Dean of a School, Faculty, Principal of a College, or the Director of a
teaching Institute may bar any candidate from being admitted to any
examination in any subject or course where the Dean, or Director is not
satisfied that the candidate has completed satisfactorily by attendance,
performance or otherwise the requirements of the subject of course.

19
 w) Where a candidate who has been barred in accordance with this rule
enters the examination room and sits for the paper, his/her results in the
paper shall be declared null and void.

GUIDELINES TO STUDENTS

i. General

Candidates should note that by registering to appear for the examinations of the
MBBS degree programme, they are deemed to have understood and agreed to
comply by the Bye Laws, Regulations, examination regulations and other related
documents of the Faculty of Medicine and the Kampala International University.
Candidates must cooperate with the faculty in the conduct of the clinical
examinations.

Compared to written examinations, clinical examinations for medical degrees

often use human subjects (healthy humans or patients). Candidates should be
courteous towards all the patients and the staff who are involved in facilitating
the examination process.

ii. Types of clinical examinations

These include the long cases, short cases, viva voce examinations, objective
structured practical examinations (OSPE) and objective structured clinical
examinations (OSCE). These examinations are often conducted by Medicine,
Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics and Psychiatry Department of the
Faculty.

However, such examinations may be conducted by other departments and

modules also. The long cases and short cases use human subjects. The OSPE
and OSCE examinations may also use human subjects.

iii. Intimation to students

Information about the examinations will be displayed in the general or

examination notice boards and/or in the department notice boards. The notices
will intimate the stream, module, subject, examination component (long case,
viva vice etc.), dates, venues, times, groups, index numbers etc. It will be the
responsibility of the candidates to read the notices and follow the instructions.
While every attempt will be made to inform the students well in advance, in some
instances such early intimation may not be possible.

iv. Format of the examinations

20
This information can be obtained from the respective departments. It is expected
that the students are aware of the format. Any changes to the previous practice
will be intimated to the students.

v. Out of bounds period

Notice about duration of “out of bounds” and the wards which will be out of
bounds for medical students will be displayed at least one week before start of
the clinical examination.

vi. Attendance

Candidates have to report to the respective venue about 15 minutes in advance.

Candidates are advised to allow for any transport delays when planning time of
arrival at the venue. Family and friends accompanying candidates will not be
permitted to enter the examination venue.

vii. Dress

Dress and appearance are an important aspect of professionalism. For the

clinical examinations, the candidates should dress in a smart and conservative
manner. For long and short cases and

viva voce examinations, for male candidates, white trousers, shirt with tie and
white overcoat is recommended. For females, an appropriate dress (skirt and
blouse or saree) with a white overcoat is recommended. Students have to display
their index number pinned on the outer top attire.

viii. What to bring?

The candidate should attend the examination with the examination card and an
identity card. Where relevant they should also bring material needed to perform
a clinical examination such as the stethoscope and a tendon hammer. Basic
equipment will also be provided in the examination area.

ix. What to do on arriving at the examination venue?

Candidates should assemble outside the examination venue. Upon receiving

instruction from the staff, they will enter the designated area (waiting room) and
stay quiet, awaiting further instruction. At the beginning of the examination
candidates will be briefed by a member of the academic staff and students should
listen carefully and follow the instructions.

If written instructions are provided candidates are expected follow them. If a

candidate is uncertain about any instruction or question, he/she should get it
clarified immediately.

21
 x. Expected behavior

All candidates must comply with the instructions of the clinical examination staff
during examinations. Failure to do so will constitute a breach of examination
procedures and may result in action being taken against the candidate
concerned. Candidates are expected to conduct themselves courteously in
examinations, communication and in personal contact with patients, parents,
by-standees, academic and support staff and the examiners.

Candidates whose conduct is disruptive, or is considered by the academic staff

to have been outside the bounds of reasonable and decent behavior may forfeit
their eligibility to sit the current and future examinations.

Candidates in clinical examinations are expected to observe fully the

confidentiality of subjects who participate in the examination and should not
discuss the personal details of the consultations outside the examination area
at any time, with any person.

xi. What should not be brought to the examination areas?

Candidates should not be carrying communication equipment and other gadgets

that can help them improperly in the examination.

These include cellular phones, tablets, smart watches, notebooks, laptops, and
others. If you have brought them hand them over to designated staff. Candidates
found to be giving, receiving, or recording information during the examinations
will be considered as committing examination offences. Immaterial of whether
this equipment has been used or not it will be an offence to be found with such
equipment in the examination areas.

Textbooks, personal notes should not be brought to the examination areas.

Candidates are not permitted to have their bags and/or other personal items at
their desks during the examination.

The Faculty staff cannot be responsible for the safety of the material brought to
the examination hall.

xii. After the exam

Candidates are expected to leave the examination venue (and the respective
hospital) soon after their examination is over.

xiii. What not to do?

Do not resort to, or aid and abet in activities falling under the category of
examination offences.

22
 • In the clinical examinations such activities include trying to get prior
information about the questions, cases, passing such information to other
candidates etc.
• Avoid discussing patients with other candidates who may attend the
clinical examination center in the future. Patients are rotated and, in some
cases, alternative conditions are examined in patients with multiple
clinical signs.
• Any candidate who attempts to formulate a diagnosis or management on
the basis of information provided by other candidates, without having
properly examined the patient, is likely to compromise their assessment.
• It is strictly forbidden for candidates to talk or attempt in any way to
communicate with other candidates while the exam is in progress.
• Toilet breaks are permitted during the examination, but, in an effort to
minimize disruption, candidates are requested to visit the toilet before the
exam commences. Candidates visiting the toilet during the exam will be
escorted by an invigilator.
• Any written papers should be handed over to designated academic staff
before leaving the examination venue.
xiv. Changes to time tables

Candidates requesting changes to the timings of the clinical examinations are

not entertained for minor reasons. However, requests may be considered for
genuine reasons (e.g., being in hospital with dengue). Requests for such changes
should be addressed to the Dean/Associate Dean Clinical Services with a copy
to the respective Heads of Departments. Students should avoid visiting
examination areas / examination unit requesting to change/exchange the
timings of their clinical examination.

xv. Being absent

Any student who is unable to attend the clinical examinations due to sickness
should follow the laid down procedure about medical leave (see Handbook). They
should also inform the Dean/Associate Dean Clinical Services and the Head of
the relevant Department in writing.

xvi. Breaches of procedure

Any candidate found in breach of above guidelines or misbehaving in any way,

will be reported to the authorities for possible disciplinary action. A candidate
who attempts to compromise the examination procedures may forfeit his/her
eligibility to proceed with the examination. Action may be taken against any

23
candidate found to be selling or offering for sale material or details purporting to
be examination content.

The Faculty and the University will investigate thoroughly a complaint or adverse
report concerning any candidate sitting a Faculty examination, and disciplinary
action may be taken. Such disciplinary action may result in suspension from the
said examination, future examinations. If an infringement is deemed to be
particularly severe, the candidate concerned may be permanently debarred from
entering any future examinations until his/her case has been resolved by the
necessary authorities of the University.

GUIDELINES TO THE CLINICAL EXAMINERS

i. General

There should be a panel of clinical examiners which will be composed by KIUT

Clinical Lecturers and Specialists from KIUT teaching hospital.

Each panel MUST have at least one KIUT Lecturer and two Specialist from KIUT
teaching hospital (Host Examiners).

The Host Examiners is responsible for organizing the facility and patients for the
day.

All examiners must be able to attend the examination at least one hour before
the time the first candidate is due to start and be able to stay for at least half an
hour after the end of the final cycle.

All mobile phones must be turned off/switch in silent mode during all periods of
candidate assessment.

Conduct of the assessment

i. Calibration
• Examiner pairs must have time to review and discuss the patients
participating in the assessment. This process, known as calibration, is
essentially a standard setting process, and is critical to the fair and
consistent conduct of the assessment.
• The calibration process takes at least 30-40 minutes and must always be
completed before the examination starts.
• It is recommended that examiners at Stations 1 and 3 see and examine
patients alone, ideally without first reviewing the clinical information
provided, thus seeing the case from the candidates’ perspective.

24
 • Candidates should be judged on their ability to detect what an examiner
detects and make diagnoses that an examiner would make.
• The calibration discussion should focus on agreeing the clinical signs or
symptoms that are present, and considering together what specific criteria
will be used to judge whether the candidate can be awarded a Satisfactory
mark in each of the skills assessed.
• Examiners should agree the “brief description of the case” to be entered
into the appropriate part of their mark sheets. This will help us to gather
consistent information about the range of material used in the
examination and reduce the potential for confusion amongst candidates
who ask to review their own mark sheets after sitting the examination.
• In addition to checking physical signs, take time to ensure that patients
understand what will happen during the examination and that they know
they will have the opportunity after each candidate leaves to clarify
anything a candidate may have erroneously stated about their condition
or problem.
• Position and expose the patient in a way that will help the candidate, and
ensure the introductory statement provided directs the candidate
appropriately. If it requires clarification, ask for it to be changed

ii. Mark sheets

• For the purpose of avoiding biasness during clinical examination there will
be a uniform mark sheet for all clinical department (APPENDIX C)
• Each candidate has one-mark sheet per examiner in each examined
subject.
• There are a total of mark sheets for each examiners depends on number
of candidate to be examined.
• One examiner should assume the lead role with each candidate,
introducing the case and leading the questioning. The other examiner
observes the candidate: patient encounter and listens to the lead
examiner’s questions and the candidate’s responses. The roles are then
reversed. If an examiner is not taking the lead on a case, as a co-examiner
he/she must be present and visible to the candidate at all times. In the
event of any appeal, co-examiner observations and comments are
invaluable.
• The procedure of awarding of marks has being elaborated in the KIUT
Mark Sheet.

iii. Method of assessment

25
 Eight core clinical skills are assessed in the clinical examination which are
indicated in the chart below;

Clinical Skill Skill Descriptor

A. History taking Demonstrate correct patients history including
patient’s demographic data, Chief Complain,
History of presenting illness, past medical history,
family history, etc.
B. Physical Examination Demonstrate correct, thorough, systematic (or
focused on Station encounters), appropriate, fluent,
and professional techniques of physical
examination.
C. Identifying Physical Signs Identify physical signs correctly, and not find
physical signs that are not
Present.
D. Clinical Communication Elicit a clinical history relevant to the patient’s
complaints, in a systematic,
thorough
E. Differential Diagnosis Create a sensible differential diagnosis for a patient
that the candidate has
personally clinically assessed
F. Clinical Judgement Select or negotiate a sensible and appropriate
management plan for a patient, relative or clinical
situation.
G. Managing Patients’ Concerns Seek, detect, acknowledge, and address patients’
or relatives’ concerns.
H. Maintaining Patient Welfare Treat a patient or relative respectfully and
sensitively and in a manner that
ensures their comfort, safety, and dignity.

iv. Examiners Panel meeting

Soon after completing the examining the candidates, the Lead Examiner
will convene examiners panel meeting for the purpose of compiling
candidate results before forwarding to the Head of Department ready to be
submitted to the Department Examiners board and thereafter to the
Faculty board for approval and submit to the Senate.

26
APPENDIX A: CORE ROTATIONS SITES

S/N NAME OF FACILITY REGION

1. Amana Regional Referral Hospital Dar-es-Salaam
2 Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital Dar-es-Salaam
3. Muhimbili National Hospital Dar-es-Salaam
4. Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital Dodoma
5. Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam
6. Temeke Regional Referral Hospital Dar-es-Salaam
7. Tumbi Regional Referral Hospital Coast Region

27
APPENDIX B: EXAMPLES OF STUDENT MISTREATMENT

KIUT has zero-tolerance for student mistreatment. If you feel that you have
received mistreatment, please reach out to the Office of Associate Dean Clinical
Services and/or Dean of Faculty of Medicine and/or Deputy Vice Chancellor
Academic Affairs immediately.

Examples of mistreatment include, but are not limited to:

Sexual Orientation • Denial of opportunities for training based on sexual

orientation.
• Any use of derogatory terms in reference to a
students’ or patients’ sexual orientation or
perceived sexual orientation
• Hearing comments made about a students’ sexual
orientation to peers, patients, nurses, residents or
attending physicians
Sexual Remarks or • Subject to offensive or unwanted sexual remarks or
Advances advances by peers, patients, nurses, residents, or
attending physicians
Racial or Ethnic • Use of derogatory terms to refer to a students’ or
Remarks patients’ race or ethnicity.
• Denial of opportunities for training based on race
or ethnicity
Humiliation • Receiving feedback in a demeaning manner (i.e.,
“that was a stupid answer”), especially in front of
other team members or patients
• A student being asked to perform a humiliating
task (i.e., being asked to dance or sing during a
procedure)
Requests to Perform • A student is asked to buy food or gifts while on
Personal Services rotation
• A student is asked to run errands in lieu of patient
care

28
APPENDIX C: KIUT FACULTY OF MEDICINE MARK SHEET

MARK SHEET FOR CLINICAL EXAMINATION: SEMESTER SIX

CANDIDATES REGISTRATION NUMBER:
Exam Parameters: Long Marks Examiners’ Comments Score
Case
1. Introduces the chief 2
complaints in chronological
order
2. Amplification of the 13
chief complaints, risk
factors, complications, etc.

3. Review of systems and 5

relevant past medical history
and drug history

4. Relevant dietary, family, 4

and social history,
OBS/GYN history where
applicable
5. Summary focused and 3
bears important details in
history
6. General examination 3
well presented, systematic
and picked the salient
signs
7. Examined the affected 10
system first and picked the
physical signs

8. Examined all the other 7

systems and presented in a
logical manner
9. Summary focused and 3
bears the relevant details
in the history and physical
findings
10. Diagnosis formulated 4
based on the history and
physical findings
11. Investigations based on 8
the diagnosis

29
12. Management is based 8
on the patient’s diagnosis

Short Case (s) 30

Examiners Names Signature

30
APPENDIX D: COURSE FILE FOR BMS 3.1

BMS31 COURSES CONTENTS

YEAR 3: SEMESTER 5/6 YEAR 5: SEMESTER 9/10

INTERNAL MEDICINE I INTERNAL MEDICINE II
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 History taking
1.2 Examination of the patient
1.3 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
1.4 Relevant investigations and interpretation
including Laboratory, X-ray, Ultrasound, ECG,
ECHO, CT scan
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Nutrition and Obesity
Avitaminosis
Physical Activity and Sedentariness
Smoking and Alcohol
Sleep
Stress
1. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1.1 Diarrhoeal diseases. 1.1 Sepsis,
1.2 Malaria 1.2 Septic shock,
1.3 Meningitides 1.3 PUO,
1.4 Encephalitis 1.4 Infective endocarditis
1.5 Severe 1.5 Tuberculosis
1.6 Schistosomiasis 1.6 Leprosy
1.7 Trypanosomiasis
1.8 Tetanus
Typhoid
Syphilis
Dengue
2. RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Pneumonia 2.1 Respiratory failure type
Asthma 1 and type 2
COPD 2.2 Lung cancers.
Pulmonary embolism 2.3 Occupational lung
Interstitial lung diseases diseases,
2.4 Pulmonary
hypertension.
3. HAEMATOLOGIC/ONCOLOGIC DISEASES
3.1 Anaemia classification 3.1 Aplastic anaemia
3.2 Iron deficiency anaemia 3.2 Myeloproliferative
3.3 Leukaemias disorders
3.4 Lymphoma 3.3 Coagulation disorders
3.5 Coagulation disorders 3.4 Principle of
chemotherapy.
4. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
4.1 Cardiac failure 4.1 Myocardial infarction,

31
4.2 Ischaemic heart diseases 4.2 Tachyarrhythmias,
4.3 Cardiomyopathies 4.3 Brady arrhythmias,
4.4 infective endocarditis 4.4 Emergency hypertension
4.5 RHD
Hypertension
5. KIDNEY DISEASES
5.1 Urinary tract infections 5.1 Chronic renal failure
5.2 Glomerulonephritis 5.2 Hypertension
5.3 Acute renal failure 5.3 Dialysis
5.4 Chronic renal failure 5.4 Electrolyte disorders
6. DIABETES MELLITUS AND ENDOCRINE DISEASES
6.1 Diabetes mellitus 6.1 DKA
6.2 Chronic complication of DM 6.2 HONK
6.3 Pituitary disorders 6.3 Addison diseases
6.4 Thyroid diseases 8.4 Other adrenal disorders
6.5 Adrenal diseases
7. NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES
7.1 Strokes 7.1 Demyelinating diseases,
7.2 Spinal cord disorders, 7.2 Dementia, and
7.3 Paraplegia, Alzheimers disease,
7.4 Peripheral nerve diseases
Seizure disorders
8. GASTROENTEROLOGIC DISEASES
8.1 Diarrhoeal diseases 8.1 GIT bleeding,
Gastritis 8.2 Hepatocellular
8.2 PUDs carcinoma,
8.3 GIT bleeding 8.3 portal
8.4 Liver diseases & Liver failure hypertension/Ascities
8.5 Pancreatitis

9. RHEUMATOLOGIC DISEASES
9.1 Reactive arthritis 9.1 SLE
9.2 Osteoarthritis 9.2 Osteoarthritis
9.3 Rheumatoid arthritis 9.3 Vasculitides
10. DERMATOLOGICAL/VENEREAL DISEASES
10.1 Eczema,
10.2 psoriasis,
10.3 Bullous skin diseases,
10.4 STDs
CANCER
11. HIV
Natural history of HIV
infections
Investigations
ART, OIs, and Co-
infections/Morbidity

32
SURGERY
YEAR 3: SEMESTER 5/6 YEAR 5: SEMESTER 9/10
COURSE CONTENT: PART 1: 1. INTRODUCTION TO UROLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION TO 1.1 SURGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE SCROTUM
SURGERY 1.1.1 Undescended testes
1.1 History taking 1.1.2 Hydrocoele
1.2 Examination of the patient 1.1.3 Testicular Torsion
1.3 Wound and wound healing 1.1.4 Epididymo-orchitis
1.4 Metabolic response to 1.1.5 Testicular tumours
trauma 1.2 PROSTATIC CONDITIONS
1.5 Blood haemostasis and 1.2.1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia
blood transfusion 1.2.2 Ca. Prostate
1.6 Fluid and Electrolyte 1.3 PENILE CONDITIONS
imbalance 1.3.1 Paraphimosis
1.7 Burns 1.3.2 Phimosis
1.8 Peri-operative patient 1.3.3 Hypospadias
management 1.3.4 Urethral Stricture
1.9 HIV and Surgery 1.3.5 Posterior urethral values
2. ABDOMINAL SURGERY 1.3.6 Ca. Penis
2.1 ACUTE ABDOMEN 1.4 URINARY BLADDER CONDITIONS
Gastrointestinal bleeding 1.4.1 Cystitis
Intestinal obstruction 1.4.2 Ca. bladder
Appendicitis/Peritonitis 2. INTRODUCTION TO ENDOCRINOLOGY
Pancreatitis 2.1 BREAST CONDITION
Cholecystis and cholelithiasis 2.2 Benign breast lesions
Peptic ulcer disease 2.3 Malignant breast lesions
GASTROINTESTINAL THYROID CONDITIONS
2.2
2.2 TUMOURS Inflammatory thyroid
2.2.1
2.2.1 Cancer of the conditions
2.2.2
2.2.2 oesophagus Goiter
2.2.3
2.2.3 Achalasia Malignant tumors
2.2.4 Ca. Stomach 2.3 PITUITARY TUMOURS
2.2.5 Ca. Colon 2.4 ADRENAL TUMOURS
Ca Pancreas 2.5 PANCREATIC TUMOURS
GASTROINTESTINAL 26. INTRODUCTION TO NEUROSURGERY
2.3 ANOMALIES 26.1 Investigation to CNS conditions
2.3.1 Benign anorectal 26.2 Spinal Injuries
conditions 26.3 Head Injuries
2.4 ABDOMINAL WALL 26.4 Brain Tumours
DEFECTS: 26.5 Spinal Dysraphism
2.4.1 Hernias 27. INTRODUCTION TO PAEDIATRIC SURGERY
SKIN TUMOUS 27.1 Oesophageal fistula/atresias
3. 27.2 Infantile Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Squamous cell
3.1. 27.3 Bowel atresia and agenesis
carcinoma
3.2 Basal cell carcinoma 27.4 Anorectal malformation
3.3 Malignant melanoma 27.5 Hirschsprungs Disease
3.4 Lipomas 27.6 Cleft Lip/Palate
INTRODUCTION TO PLASTIC SURGERY
3.5 Kaposi sarcoma
1 Investigations of vascular diseases
3.6 Fibromas
2 Hypertrophic scars and Keloid

33
3 Gangrene
4 Varicose veins
5 Varicose ulcers
6 Deep venous thrombosis
7 Tropical ulcers
8 Tissue transplant
9 Congenital vascular disorders
10 Arterial diseases
PART III: ORTHOPAEDIC AND
TRAUMATOLOGY:
1 Principles of fracture management
2 Triage
3 Upper limb fracture/dislocations
4 Lower limb fracture/dislocations
5 Back pin
6 Joint injuries
7 Chest injuries
8 Abdominal injuries
9 Bone Infections
10 Bone Tumours
· Benin
· Malignant

34
PAEDIATRICS
YEAR 3: SEMESTER 5/6 YEAR 5: SEMESTER
9/10
COURSE CONTENT
1. CLINICAL PROBLEM SOLVING
1.1 History taking; to be done practically on patients
(clerkship).
1.2 Physical examination; To be done practically on
patients (clerkship)
1.3 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
1.4 Relevant investigations and interpretation including;
Laboratory, X-ray, Ultrasound, ECG, ECHO, CT scan.
2. INTRODUCTION TO PAEDIATRICS
2.1 Introducing to Paediatrics
2.2 Scope of Paediatrics
3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Growth
3.1.2 Development
3.2 Overview of Growth and development
3.2.1 New born
3.2.2 Infant
3.2.3 Pre-school age
3.2.4 Middle childhood
3.2.5 Adolescent
3.3 Growth monitoring
3.3.1 Assessment of growth
3.3.2 Assessment of development
3.3.3 Factors that may affect Growth and development.
4. THE NEW BORN
4.1 Neonatal circulation
4.2 Asphyxia neonatorum
4.3 Birth Trauma
4.4 Low birth weight – pre-term, AGA SGA
4.5 Respiratory Distress Syndrome
5. NEONATAL PAEDIATRICS
5.1 Neonatal Jaudice
5.1.1 Physiologic jaundice
5.1.2 Pathologic jaundice
5.1.3 Phototherapy and EBT
5.2 Neonatal infections
5.2.1 Congenital infections
5.2.2 Pneumonia
5.2.3 Chlamydia/gonococcal conjunctivitis
5.2.4 Septicemia
5.2.5 Cord sepsis
5.2.6 Pyelitis
5.2.7 Osteitis
5.3 Neonatal Seizures

35
5.3.1 Dysmophorlogy
5.3.2 Trisomies & Chromosomal anomalies (Downs,
Turners, Klinefelter’s syndromes).
6. NORMAL NUTRITION
a. Nutritional requirement
6.2 Infant feeding
6.2.1 Breast feeding and warning
6.2.2 Infant formulas
6.3 Malnutrition
Types of malnutrition
- Marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
6.4 Failure to thrive
6.5 Stunting
7. DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
7.1 Congenital anomalies (Laryngomalacia)
7.2. Acute Respiratory tract Infections
7.2.1 URTI
- Epiglotitis
- Laryngitis
- Tracheatis
- LTB
7.3. LRTI
7.4 Otitis (media and external) sinusitis, retropharyngeal
abscess
7.5 Childhood Asthma
8. DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
8.1 Rheumatic Fever (including RHD).
8.2 Infective endocarditis
8.3 Congenital heart defects (acyanotic)
8.4 Congenital heart defects (cyanotic)
8.5 Congestive cardiac failure
8.6 Cardiomyopathies
8.7 Shock
9. HEMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS/DISEASES
9.1 Hemoglobinopathies SCD Thalasemia
9.2 Bleeding disorders
9.3 Anemias
10. DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
10.1 Urinary tract infections
10.2 Acute Glomerulonephritis
10.3 Nephrotic syndrome
10.4 Acute renal failure
10.5 Chronic renal failure
10.6 Hemolytic Uremia Syndrome
11. DISEASES OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM
11.1 Gastroenteritis
11.2 diarrheal diseases
11.3 Malabsorption

36
11.4 Peptic ulcer disease
11.5 Intersusception
11.6 Hepatitis and Ascites
11.7 Pyloric stenosis
11.8 Gastroesophagealrefux
11.9 Hirchsprung’s disease
12. DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
12.1 Febrile seizures
12.2 Seizure disorders (afebrile seizures)
12.3 Meningitis
12.4 Encephalitis
12.5 Mental retardation
12.6 Cerebral Palsy
12.7 Neural tube defects.
13. NEUROMUSCULAR / SKELETAL CONDITIONS
13.1 Myasthenia gravis
13.2 Muscular dystrophies
13.3 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
13.4 Approach to acute limb pain in children.
13.5 SLE
14. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC CONDITIONS
14.1 Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia
14.2 Diabetes insipidus
14.3 Goiter and thyroid disorders
14.4 Tall and short stature, ambiguous genitalia
14.5 Rickets
15. VACCINATION/IMMUNIZATION
15.1 Vaccines
15.2 Cold chain
15.3 Routine schedule
15.4 NID/Sub-NID/NCD/NCD-plus
16. COMMON INFECTIONS AND PARASITIC DISEASES
16.1 Malaria
16.2 Tuberculosis
16.3 HIV/AIDS
16.4 PMTCT
16.5 Common skin infestations e.g., scabies, lice, Tinea,
Chicken Pox
16.6 Typhoid
16.7 Poliomyelitis
16.8 Tetanus neonatorum
16.9 Diphtheria
16.10 Pertussis
16.11 Measles
16.12 FUO/PUO
17. NEOPLASMS
17.1 Nephroblatoma
17.2 Burkitt’s lymphoma
17.3 Retinoblastoma

37
17.4 Leukemia
18. MISCELLANEOUS/SOCIAL PAEDIATRICS
18.1 Common bites
18.2 Human
18.3 Dog
18.4 Snake
18.5 Burns
18.6 Child abuse
18.7 Home accidents

38
REPRODUCTIVE
YEAR 3: SEMESTER 5/6 YEAR 5:
SEMESTER
9/10
COURSE CONTENT
1. ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEMALE
GENITAL TRACT
1.1 Abdominal wall
1.2 Pudendum
1.3 Bony Pelvis
1.4 Contents of the pelvic cavity
1.5 Pre urogenital embryonic
1.6 Development of the nephron, gonads, urogenital sinus,
external genitatia.
2. PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION, THE MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
2.1 Conception
2.2 The fetus
2.3 Infancy and childhood
2.4 Puberty
2.5 Sexual maturity
2.6 Menopause
2.7 The reproductive hormones (ovarian, pituitary,
hypothalamic).
3. FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMBRYO
3.1 Male and female gametes
3.2 Fertilization and implantation
3.3 Embryonic period
3.4 Transition from embryonic to fetal periods
4. PLACENTA AND MEMBRANES, AMNIOTIC FLUID;
FUNCTIONS AND DISORDERS
4.1 Definition and development of the placental + membranes
4.2 Feto-maternal placental unit
4.3 Functions and disorders + management
5. HISTORY AND EXAMINAITON OF AN OBSTETRIC AND
GYNAECOLOGIC PATIENT
5.1 History taking
5.2 Physical examination
5.3 Pelvic examination
5.4 Diagnostic office procedures
5.5 Special diagnostic procedures
6. DIAGNOSIS AND DATING OF PREGNANCY
6.1 Amenorrhoea
6.2 Pregnancy test
6.3 Enlarging uterus
6.4 Quickening
6.5 The role of Obstetric ultrasound scan.
7. NORMAL LABOUR: DIAGNOSIS AND MECHANISMS
7.1 Definition of labour

39
7.2 Stages of labour
7.3 Fetal lie, presentation, position
7.4 The powers, passenger, and passage
7.5 Management of the stages of labour.
8. NORMAL PUERPEVIUM, POSTPARTUM HAEMARRHAGE
(PPH).
8.1 Definition of puerperium
8.2 Complications of the puerperium
8.3 Prevention of PPH
8.4 Management of PPH
9. PELVIC EXAMINATION / CLINICAL PELVIMETRY
9.1 External genitalia
9.2 Vaginal / abdominal bimanual examination
9.3 Speculum examination
9.4 The types of pelvis
9.5 The bony pelvic landmarks and their diameters
10. ASSESSMENT OF FOETAL WELL BEING
10.1 Antepartum assessment of routine fetal well being
10.2 Antepartum assessment of the fetus at risk for utero-
placental insufficiency
10.3 Intrapartum assessment of fetal well-being
11. NEONATAL RESUSCITATION AND CARE OF THE
NEWBORN AT RISK
11.1 Assessment of the newborn
11.2 Diagnosis of the risk factors
11.3 Resuscitation measures and care to be taken.
12. PREMATURE LABOUR, PREMATURE RUPTURE OF
MEMBRANES (PROM), PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE
OF MEMBRANES (PPROM)
12.1 Definitions of the above terms 12.2 Risk factors for the
conditions 12.3 Management of the conditions.
13. LABOUR INDUCTION AND AUGMENTATION
13.1 Definitions of the above terms
13.2 What is Bishop’s score?
13.3 What are the indications for labour induction /
augmentation
13.4 Which drugs are sued in the exercise and what are the
possible complications?
14. FETAL MAL-PRESENTATION AND MAL-POSITION
14.1 To define fetal lie, presentation, and position
14.2 The ‘powers,’ ‘passengers’ and ‘passage’
14.3 Obstructed labour
15. PROLONGED GESATION / POSTMATURITY /
POSTDALISM
15.1 Normal duration of pregnancy (gestation period)
15.2 Etiology of postdatism
15.3 Determination of gestational age and expected date of
delivery.
15.4 Complications associated with postdatism

40
15.5 Management of postdatism
16. ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE (APH)
16.1 Definition of APH
16.2 The different types of APH
16.3 Risk factors for APH
16.4 Diagnosis of APH
16.5 Management of APH
17. INTRANTERINE FOETAL DEATH (DEMISE) (IUFD),
LORD ACCIDENTS
17.1 What is the foetus at risk?
17.2 Etiological factors for IUFD
17.3 Definition of ‘Cord accidents.’
17.4 Diagnosis and Management of the conditions.
18. ABORTION AND POST ABORTED CARE (PAC)
18.1 Definition of abortion
18.2 Classification of abortions
18.3 Complications of abortions
18.4 Medico-Legal and moral considerations
18.5 The components of PAC.
19. FERTILE AND MENTAL DISORDERS OF THE
PUERPERIUM
19.1 What is the normal duration of the puerperium?
19.2 What is puerperal pyrexia/sepsis?
19.3 What is puerperal psychosis?
19.4 Other puerperal disorders, their diagnosis and
management.
20. OBSTETRIC ANALGESIA AND ANAESTHESIA
20.1 Techniques of analgesia without the use of drugs
20.2 Types of analgesic amnestic and anesthetic agents
20.3 Regional analgesics
20.4 Anesthesia for cesarean section
20.5 Treatment of complications of anesthetics.
21. HIV INFECTION IN PREGNANCY, TREVENTION OF
MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV (PMTCT).
21.1 Modes of HIV infection in pregnancy
21.2 Primary prevention of HIV
21.3 Modes of infection from mother to child.
21.4 PNTCT during pregnancy, delivery and in the postpartum
period.
22. FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION,
ANTERNATAL CARE ANC
22.1 Different methods of FP
22.2 Side effects of the FP methods and their management
22.3 Impediments to FP policies in the community.
23. REPTURED UTERUS
23.1 Risk factors for ruptured uterus
23.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
23.3 Management
24. ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

41
24.1 Definition of ectopic pregnancy
24.2 Etiological factors
24.3 Most common sites of ectopic pregnancy
24.4 Treatment of ectopic pregnancy
24.5 Long term complications and management
25. THE BREAST: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
25.1 Functions of the breast
25.2 Anatomy and physiology
25.3 Pathological conditions and diagnosis
25.4 Management of pathological conditions
25.5 Breast feeding and benefits to mother and child
26. CESAREAN SECTION / PRE-AND POST OPERATIVE
CARE
26.1 Different types of cesarean section
26.2 Indications for C/S
26.3 Complications of the operation
26.4 Pre-and operative preparation for the operation and post
operative management
26.5 What is vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBACS)?
27. MUTI-FOETAL GESTATION
27.1 What is multiple pregnancy?
27.2 Etiological factors
27.3 Complications
27.4 Management
28. GESTATIONAL TRAPHOTOSTIC DISEASE
28.1 Classification of GTD
28.2 Etiological factors
28.3 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
28.4 Complications
28.5 Management
29. COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND CUSTOMER CARE
29.1 Communication at individual level
29.2 Communication with friend, relative, other people
29.3 Communication with patients, clients
29.4 Good customers / Client/patient care
30. HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY
30.1 Definition
30.2 Classification
30.3 Etiological factors
30.4 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
30.5 Management
31. MALARIA IN PREGNANCY
31.1 Risk factors for malarial infection
31.2 Prophylaxis during pregnancy
31.3 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
31.4 Pathogenesis and complications
31.5 Treatment
32. ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY

42
32.1 Risk factors for malarial infections
32.2 Clinical presentation
32.3 Diagnosis
32.4 Complications
32.5 Treatment
32.6 Prevention strategies
33. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND RENAL DISEASES
33.1 Physiological changes in the kidneys and urinary tract
during pregnancy
33.2 Urinary tract infections (UTL), causes, diagnosis, and
treatment
33.3 Renal Tumors
33.4 Acute renal failure (ARF)
34. DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANCY
34.1 Pathogenesis
34.2 Pathophysiology
34.3 Classification
34.4 Planning for pregnancy
34.5 Diagnosis
34.6 Complications
34.7 Management of DN in pregnancy.
35 CARDIAC DISEASES IN PREGNANCY
35.1 Classification according to the New Heart Association
(Class I-IV).
35.2 Cardiovascular changes in normal pregnancy.
35.3 Evaluation of a pattern with heart disease
35.4 Rheumatic heart disease
35.5 Infective endocarditis
35.6 Congenital heart disease
35.7 Diagnosis and management
36. RHESUS BOIMMUNIZATION / HAEMILYTIC DISEASE
36.1 Pathogenesis of the condition
36.2 Risks to the fetus and New born, mother
36.3 Clinical presentation and management
37. COMMON SKIN DISEASES IN PREGNANCY
37.1 The different skin diseases occurring in pregnancy
37.2 Clinical manifestations and complications
37.3 Diagnosis and treatment
38. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)/PELVIC
INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
38.1 The different nosological forms
38.2 Clinical Manifestations and diagnosis
38.3 Complications
38.4 Treatment
38.5 Prevention
39. MENSTRUAL DISORDERS / ABNORMAL UTERINE
BLEEDING
39.1 What is normal menstrual cycle?

43
39.2 The different menstrual disorders / abnormal uterine
bleeding
39.3 Hormonal regulation of a menstrual cycle.
39.4 Diagnosis and management of disorders
40. PAEDIATRIC / ADOLESCENT GYNAECOLOGY
40.1 Anatomic and physiologic considerations
40.2 Gynaecologic examination
40.3 Gynaecologic disorders
40.4 Child / Adolescent pregnancy
40.5 Management strategies
41. MENOPAUSE AND POSTMENOPAUSE
41.1 Normal reproductive age
41.2 Definition of and age of menopause
41.3 Hormonal changes in the menopause and
postmenopausal period
41.4 Complications and management
42. ENDOMETRIOSIS
42.1 Definition
42.2 Etiology
42.3 Clinical presentation
42.4 Diagnosis
42.5 Complications
42.6 Treatment
43. INFERTILITY / SUBFERTILITY
43.1 Definition of 1st and 2nd infertility
43.2 Etiological factors
43.3 Diagnostic evaluation of an infertile couple
43.4 Treatment measures, including Assisted Reproductive
technology (ART).
44. GENITAL PROLAPSE / RELAXATION OF PELVIC
SUPPORT
44.1 Anatomic considerations
44.2 Supporting structures of the reproductive tract
44.3 Symptoms of pelvic relaxation
44.4 Types of pelvic relaxation
44.5 Treatment of pelvic relaxations.
45. BENIGN TUMORS AND LESIONS OF THE VULVA
45.1 The different types
45.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
45.3 Treatment
46. BENIGN TUMORS AND LESIONS FO THE VAGINA
46.1 Different types
46.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
46.3 Treatment
47. BENIGN TUMORS AND LESIONS OF THE CERVIX
47.1 Different types
47.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
47.3 Treatment
48. BENIGN TUMORS AND LESIONS OF THE UTERUS

44
48.1 Classification
48.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
48.3 Complications
48.4 Treatment
49. BENGN TUMORS OF THE ORARY
49.1 Classification
49.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
49.3 Complications
49.4 Treatment
50. CARCENOMA OF THE CERVIX
50.1 Risk factors
50.2 Screening methods
50.3 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
50.4 Complications
50.5 Treatment
51. MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE OVARY
51.1 Classification
51.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
51.3 Complications
51.4 Treatment
52. CARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM
52.1 Etiological factors
52.2 Clinical presentation and diagnosis
52.3 Complications
52.4 Treatment
53. COMMON GYNAECOLOGICAL OPERATIONS /
PROCEDURES
53.1 DOC / NVA
53.2 Marsupialization
53.3 Mc Donald’s stitch
53.4 Cesarean infection
53.5 Hysterectomy
53.6 Myomectomy
53.7 Colpoperineumorapy
54. RADIOTHERAPHY AND CHEMOTHERAPY IN
GYNAECOLOGY
54.1 Indications
54.2 Agents used and dosages
54.3 Complications and management
54.4 Prognosis
55. ENDOSCOPY IN GYNAECOLOGY
55.1 Definition of ‘endoscopy’
55.2 Components of the endoscope
55.3 Various forms of endoscopy
55.4 Indications for endoscopy and benefits
55.5 Possible complications and management

45
PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
YEAR 4 SEMISTER 8
COURSE CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL
HEALTH
1.1 History taking in Psychiatry
1.2 Importance of psychiatry,
1.3 Bio-psychosocial
1.4 Etiological
1.5 Concepts of mental illness
2. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF MENTAL ILLNESS
2.1 How to recognize mental illness.
2.2 Definition of features of illness e.g., delusions,
hallucinations, illusions
2.3 Mental Status Evaluation.
3. CLASSIFICATION IN PSYCHIATRY
3.1 History of classification.
3.2 Need for classification.
3.3 Current standard classifications of mental disorders.
3.4 Differences between the classifications.
4. SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS
4.1 Definition.
4.2 Types of Schizophrenia.
4.3 Clinical features.
4.4 Diagnostic criteria.
4.5 Etiology.
4.6 Epidemiology.
4.7 Management.
4.8 Course & Prognosis.
5. AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: DEPRESSION
5.1 Definition.
5.2 Clinical features.
5.3 Etiology.
5.4 Epidemiology.
5.5 Diagnostic criteria.
5.6 Management.
5.7 Course & Prognosis.
6. AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: BIPOLAR (MANIA)
6.1 Definition.
6.2 Clinical features.
6.3 Etiology.
6.4 Epidemiology.
6.5 Diagnostic criteria.
6.6 Management.
6.7 Course & Prognosis.

7. OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS.

7.1 Types of other psychotic disorders
7.2 Clinical features.

46
 7.3 Diagnostic criteria,
7.4 Management of the disorders,
7.5 Course and Prognosis
8. Risk assessment with particular emphasis on suicide
1hr
8.1 Definition,
8.2 Clinical features,
8.3 Etiology,
8.4 Epidemiology,
8.5 diagnostic criteria,
8.6 Management,
8.7 Course & Prognosis
9. ACUTE ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME:
9.1 Definition,
9.2 Types and Classification
9.3 Clinical features,
9.4 Etiology,
9.5 Epidemiology,
9.6 diagnostic criteria,
9.7 Management,
9.8 Course & Prognosis
10. PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
10.1 Definition,
10.2 Types and Classification
10.3 Clinical features,
10.4 Etiology,
10.5 Epidemiology,
10.6 diagnostic criteria,
10.7 Management,
10.8 Course & Prognosis

11. ADICTION PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

11.1 Definition,
11.2 Types and Classification
11.3 Clinical features,
11.4 Etiology,
11.5 Epidemiology,
11.6 diagnostic criteria,
11.7 Management,
11.8 Course & Prognosis
12. FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
12.1 Definition,
12.2 mentally disordered offenders,
12.3 Laws applying to the mentally ill,
12.4 Epidemiology, Management
EAR, NOSE, THROAT, HEAD AND NECK
YEAR 4 SEMISTER 8
COURSE CONTENT
1. Examination of ENT patients

47
1.1 History taking
1.2 Examination of the ear, hearing, and vertigo
1.3 Examination of the nose
1.4 Examination of the pharynx and larynx
1.5 Examination of the neck and cervical
1.6 lymph nodes, cysts, and sinuses
1.7 Audiometry
1.8 Upper aerodigestive Endoscopy
1.9 Radiology of ENT/Head and Neck
2. Airway emergencies and related conditions
2.1 Choanal atresia
2.2 Congenital stridor
2.3 Abscesses in ENT including; Peritonsilar,
2.4 Retropharyngeal, Parapharyngeal,
2.5 Ludwig’s angina, septal abscess,
2.6 Preauricular abscess
2.7 Laryngotracheobronchitis
2.8 Laryngeal papilloma
2.9 Foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial system
2.10 Laryngeal trauma, stenosis, and paralysis
2.11 Intubation and tracheostomy
3. Non airway emergencies and related conditions
3.1 Foreign bodies in the ear, ear wax
3.2 Foreign bodies in the nose
3.3 Foreign bodies in the pharynx and oesophagus
3.4 Epistaxis
3.5 External trauma in ENT practice
4. Otology and Audiology
4.1 Otitis externa, localized, diffused
-malignant
4.2 Otitis media
-acute suppurative
-chronic suppurative
-complications
-middle ear effusion
4.3 Deafness in children and adults
-causes
4.4 Prevention
-treatment and rehabilitation
4.5 Facial nerve paralysis
5. Rhinology
5.1 Infective rhinitis
5.2 Non infective rhinitis (allergic and non-allergic)
5.3 Nasal polyps
5.4 Sinusitis and complications
6. Pharyngolaryngology
6.1 Diseases of the adenoids and tonsils
6.2 Pharyngitis and laryngitis
6.3 Disorders of speech and language

48
 and their therapy
7. ENT/Head and Neck cancer management
7.1 Principles of cancer management
7.2 Causes, Origin and Spread
7.3 The TNM classification
7.4 Surgery, Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
7.5 Individual cancers in the
-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Larynx
-Hypopharynx
7.6 Sino-nasal cavities
OPHTHALMOLOGY
YEAR 4 SEMISTER 8
COURSE CONTENT
1. Blindness and low vision
1.1 Causes of blindness
1.2 Magnitude of blindness
1.3 Control strategies of blindness (Vision 2020)
2. Anatomy of the eye
2.1 Gross and histological
2.2 Physiology of the eye
2.3 Cornea
2.4 Aqueous
2.5 Lens
2.6 Embryology of the eye
3. Assessment of eye patients
3.1 History taking
3.2 Examinations of eye patients
3.3 Relevant investigations
4. Disorders of the orbit
4.1 Space occupying lesions
4.2 Infections and inflammations
4.3 Trauma
4.4 Congenital anomalies of the orbit
5. Disorders of the eyelids
5.1 Eyelids infections and inflammations
5.2 Eyelids tumours
5.3 Eyelids injuries
5.4 Congenital malformations of the eyelids
6. The red eye
6.1 Causes of the red eye
6.2 Classification of the red eye
6.3 Management of the various causes of the red eye
7. Eye and adjacent structures injuries
7.1 Nomenclatures of ocular trauma
7.2 Blunt ocular trauma
7.3 Penetrating ocular trauma
7.4 Lid injuries

49
7.5 Orbital injuries
7.6 Management of the above injuries
8. Cataract
8.1 Causes of cataract
8.2 Clinical features of cataract
8.3 Management of cataract
8.4 Complications of cataract surgery
9. Glaucoma
9.1 Types of glaucoma
9.2 Clinical presentations
9.3 Important evaluations in glaucoma
9.4 Treatment of glaucoma and complications
10. Strabismus and refractive errors
10.1 Classification of strabismus
10.2 Causes of strabismus
10.3 Assessments of strabismus patients
10.4 Managements of strabismus
10.5 Complications of strabismus
10.6 Types of refractive errors and their corrections.
11. Ocular tumours
11.1 Conjunctival tumours (benign and malignant)
11.2 Intraocular tumours (emphasis on
retinoblastoma)
12. Disorders of the uveal track
12.1 Anterior and posterior uveitis
12.2 HIV/AIDS and the eye
13. Retinal disorders
13.1 Retinal vascular diseases
13.2 Retinal detachments
13.3 Retinal inflammations
13.4 Retinal tumours
13.5 Inherited retinal diseases RP
14. Disorders of the visual pathways
14.1 Anatomy of visual pathways
14.2 Disorders of the optic nerve
14.3 Disorders of the chiasm
14.4 Disorders of the optic tract
15. Disorders of the lacrimal system
15.1 Anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal
system(secretory and drainage system)
• The tear
• Dry eye
• Epiphora
• Assessments of the lacrimal system
15.2 Management of the lacrimal disorders
16. Trachoma
16.1 Epidemiology of trachoma
16.2 Microbiology of trachoma
16.3 Pathophysiology of trachoma

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16.4 Clinical presentations of trachoma
16.5 Prevention and control (SAFE strategy) of
trachoma
17. Xerophthalmia
17.1 Epidemiology of Onchocerciasis
17.2 Causes
17.3 Biochemistry of vitamin A
17.4 Clinical ocular manifestations of VAD
17.5 Prevention and treatment of VAD
18. Onchocerciasis
18.1 Epidemiology of Onchocerciasis
18.2 Life cycle (microbiology) of Onchocerciasis
18.3 Clinical presentations of Onchocerciasis
18.4 Prevention and treatment of Onchocerciasis
19. Systemic diseases and the eye
19.1 Mention the commonest systemic diseases which
manifest in the eye and their manifestations diabetes
mellitus, systemic hypertension, HIV/AIDS, Marfan’s
syndrome etc

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