Effect of Broken Rice (Oryza sativa L.

) as a Substitute for Corn in

Broiler Chicken Rations

VINCE CLITTON S. DAYSO

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

NORTH LA UNION CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
BACNOTAN, LA UNION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(Major in Animal Science )
Chapter 1
 INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

Poultry production plays a vital role in supporting the agricultural

economy of the Philippines. This sector significantly contributes to food

security and rural livelihoods. Among poultry types, broiler chicken

production is the most prominent, driven by its high demand in the market.

However, poultry raisers face significant challenges due to the rising cost of

feed, which accounts for 70% to 80% of total production expenses. These

high feed costs often make it difficult for small-scale farmers to sustain

production while maintaining profitability.

Corn is widely used as a primary energy source in broiler feed rations.

However, the increasing cost and market instability of corn have driven

researchers and farmers to explore alternative feed ingredients. Broken rice

is a promising substitute for corn, which can offer potential cost savings

while maintaining or enhancing broiler performance. Broken rice is made up

of rice grain fragments that break off during any stage of the milling process.

Broken rice contains more than 80% starch and can be fed to livestock as an

energy source. (Broken and Polished Rice, Feedipedia, n.d.)

Broken rice was tested in broiler diets and shown to have no influence

on bird feed intake, weight gain, or feed conversion chart (Luciana Cardoso

Cancherini et al., 2008). Similarly, studying with Japanese quails concluded

that replacing 50% of dietary maize with broken rice has no effect on growth
performance (Sethi et al., 2014). Adding broken rice to broiler meals

decreased gizzard and carcass pigmentation because of its lower carotenoids

concentration (Brum Júnior et al., 2007).

Despite these findings, there is limited research on the economic

viability of using broken rice as a substitute for corn in broiler feed,

particularly in the context of small-scale poultry farming in the Philippines.

This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the effects of incorporating

broken rice as a substitute for corn into broiler rations on broiler

performance, carcass yield, and profitability.

OBJECTIVES

The general objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of

broilers fed with different levels of broken rice as a substitute for corn in

formulated rations. Specifically, the study aims to:

1. To determine the level of broken rice feed in terms of dressing

percentage , final gain in weight, feed consumption and convertion ratio as

a substitute for corn in formulated rations.

2. To determine the profitability of broiler production when broken rice

is used in feed, considering costs of feed, medication, and stock.

Definition of Terms

Ad libitum is a feeding system; those in broilers receive unlimited

access to feed at all times.

Broilers chickens reared specifically for meat production, usually from

day old chicks until marketable age (35 days).

Broken rice refers to rice grain fragments that break during any stage

of milling that were used in the feed formulation.

Feed formulation refers to the combining of multiple feed ingredients

with the correct amounts of nutrients required at specific production stages.

This process includes both balancing the nutrients as well as guaranteeing

optimal ingredient compatibility.

Level refers to the amount of broken rice used in the study.

Performance refers to the increase in weight, final weight, feed

consumption, feed conversion ratio, as well as profit over feed medicine in

addition to stock costs.

 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The experiment will involve seventy five fourteen-day-old broilers.

After 14 days of brooding, the chicks will be assigned at random to four

treatments using the Randomized Complete Design (RCBD) in three blocks.

Each experimental unit will contain five birds.

The different treatments to utilize are as follows:

T0: Commercial feeds ( control)

T1: 0 substitution (48% corn, 0% broken rice)

T2: 20% substitution (38.4% corn, 9.6% broken rice)

T3: 40% substitution (28.8% corn, 19.2% broken rice)

T4: 60% substitution (19.2% corn, 28.8% broken rice)

MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES

Cage preparation
 Once the researcher has confirmed the location where the experiment

will be carried out, the researcher will proceed to modify the pre-existing

cages based on the number of treatments and replications to be utilized in

the experiment. Following that, all experimental cages and other materials

and equipment will be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized.

Brooding management

The chicks will be brood in an environment that is favorable and good

for them. To maintain an acceptable temperature, a 60-watt bulb will be

utilized, along with appropriate feeders and waterers. Throughout the study,

food and water will be provided ad libitum.

Feed formulation

The experimental rations will include cassava meal, rice bran D1,

soybean, copra meal, fish meal (60%), ipil-ipil, molasses, and vegetable oil,

and the corn and broken rice will be incorporated based on the specified

treatment levels to meet the broilers’ nutritional requirements of 21% crude

protein (CP) and 2900 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), as recommended

by PCARRD Technical Bulletin Series No. 64 (2000).

Formulated ration per treatment.

Feedstu Amoun Compute Comput Amoun Compute Comput
ff t (T1) d ed CP t d ed CP
ME,kcal.k (T1) (T2) ME.kcal. (T2)
g (T1) kg (T2)
Corn 48 1632 3.84 38.4 1305.6 3.072
Broken 0 0 0 9.6 297.6 0.768
rice
Cassava 2 48 0.036 2 48 0.036
 meal
Rice bran 5 120 0.625 5 120 0.625
D1
Soybean 22 492.8 9.46 22 492.8 9.46
Copra 10 180 2 10 180 2
Molasses 1 19.6 0.029 1 19.6 0.029
Ipil-ipil 2 16 0.4 1.7 13.6 0.34
Fish meal 8 224 4.8 8 224 4.8
60%
Vegetable 2 176 0 2.3 202.4 0
oil
Total 100 2908.4 21.19 100 2903.6 21.13

Feedstu Amoun Compute Comput Amoun Compute Comput

ff t (T3) d ed CP t d ed CP
ME,kcal.k (T3 ) ME.kcal. (T4)
g (T3) (T4) kg
(T4)
Corn 28.8 979.2 2.304 19.2 652.8 1.536
Broken 19.2 595.2 1.536 28.8 892.8 2.304
rice
Cassava 2 48 0.036 2 48 0.036
meal
Rice bran 5 120 0.625 5 120 0.625
D1
Soybean 23 515.2 9.89 23 515.2 9.89
Copra 9 162 1.8 9 162 1.8
Molasses 1 19.6 0.029 1 19.6 0.029
Ipil-ipil 1.4 11.2 0.28 1 8 0.2
Fish meal 8 224 4.8 8 224 4.8
60%
Vegetable 2.6 228.8 0 3 264 0
oil
Total 100 2903.2 21.3 100 2906.4 21.22
* ‌ CP and ME,kcal.kg are based on the 1999 Livestock Feed Formulation
Committee. The Philippines recommends for livestock feed formulation. Los
Baños, Laguna: PCARRD-DOST, 2000. 208p. – (Philippines Recommends
Series No. 64-A)

Data Gathered
 Initial weight of bird (kg): This will be obtained by weighing the

chicks after two weeks of brooding.

Final weight of bird (kg): This will be taken by weighing the broiler

at the end of the study.

Gain in weight of bird (kg): This will be obtained by taking the

difference between the final weight and the initial weight of birds.

Feed consumption of birds (kg): The information will be obtained

by adding all the feed intakes of the birds from the beginning to the end of

the study.

Feed conversion ratio: This will be obtained by dividing the total

feed consumed by the total gain in weight of birds.

Profit above feed, medication, and stock cost of birds: This

information will be obtained by subtracting the stock cost, medicine, and

feed of birds from the market value of birds at the end of the study.

Dressing weight: refers to the weight of an animal after it has been

killed and partially butchered, removing all the internal organs.

Dressing percentage: The portion of a live animal’s weight that

remains after the head, hide, feet, and gut have been removed during

slaughter. This will be obtained by dividing the carcass weight by the live

weight of the animal and multiplying by 100.

Gizzard weight: The data will be obtained by weighing the gizzard

after slaughter, then measured in grams or kilograms.

 Liver weight: This will be obtained by weighing the liver after

slaughter, then measured in grams or kilograms.

Analysis of Data

The data gathered will be tabulated and analyzed using the Analysis of

Variance (ANOVA). And the significant difference between the treatments

means will further tested using the Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference

(HSD) test.

REFERENCE

Broken rice and polished rice | Feedipedia. (n.d.). Www.feedipedia.org.

https://www.feedipedia.org/node/748

Brum Júnior, B. de S., Zanella, I., Toledo, G. S. P. de, Xavier, E. G., Vieira, T. A.,
Gonçalves, E. C., Brum, H., & Oliveira, J. L. S. de. (2007). Dietas para
frangos de corte contendo quirera de arroz. Ciência Rural, 37(5), 1423–
1429. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782007000500032

Luciana Cardoso Cancherini, Karina Ferreira Duarte, Otto Mack Junqueira,

Filardi, S., Carlos, & Lúcio Francelino Araújo. (2008). Performance and
carcass yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing rice by-products
formulated based on the concepts of crude and ideal protein. Brazilian
Journal of Animal Science, 37(4), 616–623.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982008000400005

Sethi, A., Sikka, S. S., & Chawla, J. S. (2014). Effect of partial replacement of
maize with wheat and rice kani on the performance of egg type starter
quails. Indian Journal of Poultry Science.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effect-of-partial-replacement-of-
 maize-with-wheat-Sethi-Sikka/
ced77993cf3e9727c4b8a40f8e60bb99f201a961

‌The 1999 Livestock Feed Formulation Committee. The Philippines

recommends for livestock feed formulation. Los Baños, Laguna:
PCARRD-DOST, 2000. 208p. - (Philippines Recommends Series No. 64-
A)
‌