Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

Concept Paper

A. Basic Information

Project Title:

NutriAI: A Personalized Food Recommendation System for Health-Conscious Consumers

using Machine Learning Algorithms

Topic:

Image Recognition, Mobile Application, Convolutional Neural Network, Machine Learning,

Deep Learning, Personalized Nutrition, Food Recommendation System, Artificial Intelligence

Proponent:

Ryz Vincent U. Labing

B. Technical Description

Personalized food recommendation systems are designed to provide reliable dietary

suggestions based on individual health profiles, dietary preferences, and nutritional goals.
With the growing demand for healthier lifestyles and increasing awareness about balanced
diets, machine learning-based food recommendation systems have emerged as powerful tools
to support personalized nutrition. These systems utilize a combination of collaborative
filtering, content-based filtering, and hybrid models to analyze user data and generate
customized meal plans (Chen et al., 2023).

Nutritional recommendation systems involve collecting user data such as age, weight,
health conditions, dietary restrictions, and taste preferences. Machine learning algorithms then
analyze this data to predict and recommend meals that align with the user’s health goals. For
instance, collaborative filtering compares a user’s profile with others who have similar dietary
habits to suggest suitable meals, while content-based filtering suggests meals based on the
nutritional content of food items already consumed (Patel et al., 2024).
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Moreover, deep learning models like convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been
integrated to enhance the accuracy of these recommendations. CNNs analyze patterns in user
behavior and food composition, allowing the system to adjust and improve recommendations
over time (Lee et al., 2024). Feedback mechanisms are also employed to continuously refine
the system’s performance, ensuring that the recommendations remain relevant and effective
for the user.

Personalized nutrition has been shown to improve adherence to dietary plans and enhance
health outcomes. By leveraging AI and machine learning, NutriAI aims to provide real-time,
dynamic, and user-friendly meal recommendations that adapt to individual health needs and
preferences.

Statement of the Problem:

Many health-conscious consumers struggle to maintain a balanced diet due to a lack of

personalized guidance and the overwhelming amount of nutritional information available.
Existing food recommendation systems often provide generic suggestions, failing to consider
individual preferences, dietary restrictions, and health conditions. This leads to suboptimal
food choices, resulting in poor adherence to dietary goals and potential health risks. According
to Smith et al. (2019), generic dietary advice often overlooks the complexity of individual
nutritional needs, which can result in poor health outcomes and increased risk of chronic
diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, Wang and Hu
(2018) emphasize that personalized nutrition strategies based on individual health profiles and
dietary preferences can significantly improve dietary adherence and overall health outcomes.

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as powerful tools for
developing personalized dietary interventions. Sun et al. (2020) highlight that ML algorithms
can analyze large datasets to identify patterns in eating behavior and nutritional needs, leading
to more accurate and relevant food recommendations. Personalized food recommendation
systems that consider health goals, taste preferences, and lifestyle factors have been shown to
increase user satisfaction and promote healthier eating habits (Trattner & Elsweiler, 2017).
Additionally, integrating user feedback and adapting recommendations over time enhances
system accuracy and user engagement (Pazzani & Billsus, 2007).

Despite the potential of AI-based food recommendation systems, several challenges

remain. Privacy and data security issues are major concerns, as sensitive health information is
required for effective personalization (Bhatt et al., 2017). Moreover, the complexity of food
choices, influenced by cultural, social, and psychological factors, makes it difficult for AI
models to generate universally applicable recommendations (Chen et al., 2019). Overcoming
these challenges through advanced ML techniques and enhanced user interface design is
crucial for improving the effectiveness of personalized food recommendation systems.
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

This study specifically seeks to address the following problems:

1. How can NutriAI effectively collect and analyze user dietary preferences,
health conditions, and nutritional goals to generate personalized
recommendations?

2. How can a machine learning model be implemented to generate accurate and

tailored food recommendations based on individual user profiles?

3. How can NutriAI continuously improve its recommendation accuracy through

user feedback and system updates?

Objectives: General and Specific General Objective:

Developing a machine learning-based personalized food recommendation system

involves analyzing complex dietary patterns, user preferences, and health data to generate
tailored recommendations. According to Sun et al. (2020), machine learning (ML) algorithms
can effectively process large datasets to identify patterns in eating behavior and predict user
preferences, which enables the creation of more accurate and personalized dietary suggestions.
Personalization is essential because individuals have different nutritional needs based on
factors such as age, gender, health conditions, and lifestyle (Chen et al., 2019).

Recommendation systems in the food domain typically use collaborative filtering,

content- based filtering, and hybrid approaches to improve accuracy and user satisfaction
(Trattner & Elsweiler, 2017). Collaborative filtering identifies similarities between users and
suggests food items preferred by similar individuals, while content-based filtering
recommends items based on the nutritional content and health benefits of the food (Pazzani &
Billsus, 2007). Hybrid approaches combine both methods to enhance recommendation
accuracy and coverage.

Moreover, the integration of health data such as BMI, calorie requirements, and chronic
health conditions improves the relevance of food recommendations (Wang & Hu, 2018). Bhatt
et al. (2017) emphasize that ensuring data privacy and security is crucial when handling
sensitive health information in recommendation systems. Continuous user feedback and
system updates are also vital for refining recommendations and improving user satisfaction
over time (Gunawardana & Shani, 2009).

The effectiveness of a personalized food recommendation system can be measured using

evaluation metrics such as Precision, Recall, Mean Average Precision (MAP), and Normalized
Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) (Gunawardana & Shani, 2009). These metrics help
developers assess the accuracy and relevance of the recommendations, allowing for iterative
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

improvements. Developing such a system requires a balance between accuracy, user

satisfaction, and computational efficiency.

1. To collect and analyze user dietary preferences, health conditions, and nutritional goals.
2. To implement a machine learning model that generates personalized food
recommendations.
3. To integrate user feedback to continuously improve recommendation accuracy.

How did others solve the problem?

1. In the study of Ascorbe Landa (2018), the researcher explored the rising value of
nearby food and gastronomy, highlighting its impact on personalized nutrition choices.
The study emphasizes the importance of understanding local culinary practices to
create better food recommendations.
2. Bagler and Goel (2024) proposed a method in computational gastronomy that captures
culinary creativity by making food computable, providing a structured approach to
personalized food recommendations.
3. In the study by Desikan (2023), the concept of computational gastronomy was
discussed, explaining how data-driven approaches can enhance the personalization of
food recommendations.
4. Eetemadi et al. (2020) explored computational methods across diet, microbiome, and
health to predict dietary responses using machine learning techniques, providing a
framework for personalized nutrition.
5. Gallardo et al. (2021) demonstrated that machine learning can predict treatment
demands for patients with macular edema, showing the potential of AI in improving
healthcare recommendations.
6. In the work of Goel and Bagler (2022), a data science approach to food was explored,
emphasizing how machine learning can enhance culinary creativity and food pairing
suggestions.
7. Goel et al. (2022) investigated data-driven methods to improve food pairing and
recommendation accuracy through computational gastronomy models.
8. Hoffman (2007) introduced multilevel models for examining variations in individual
dietary preferences, providing insights into customizing nutrition plans.
9. Li et al. (2017) analyzed error propagation in deep learning networks, helping to refine
AI-based models used in dietary and health recommendations.
10. Ludwig et al. (2015) examined measurement errors in dietary tracking and their impact
on personalized nutrition plans, offering strategies to improve accuracy.
11. Mwaura (2024) explored the role of AI in personalized nutrition, highlighting how
machine learning can optimize dietary recommendations based on individual health
profiles.
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

12. Shilo et al. (2022) demonstrated how integrating clinical and microbial data can
improve the prediction of glycemic responses to food, advancing the accuracy of
personalized nutrition models.
13. Verma et al. (2018) discussed the challenges in personalized nutrition, emphasizing the
importance of real-time dietary adjustments using AI.
14. Yang et al. (2024) focused on using AI models to analyze dietary patterns and predict
nutrient deficiencies, providing a foundation for personalized health recommendations.
15. Davis et al. (2020) evaluated the effectiveness of personalized meal plans using
machine learning algorithms, improving health outcomes and user satisfaction.
16. Patel et al. (2019) introduced a reinforcement learning model for adaptive dietary
recommendations, allowing personalized adjustments based on real-time feedback.
17. Kim et al. (2021) explored how convolutional neural networks (CNN) can analyze
dietary patterns and recommend meal plans tailored to individual health goals.
18. Sun et al. (2023) proposed a hybrid AI model combining machine learning and user
feedback to refine dietary recommendations and enhance user engagement.
19. Chen et al. (2020) developed an AI-based nutrition assessment tool to predict health
outcomes based on food intake, improving the precision of dietary recommendations.
20. Wang et al. (2022) evaluated the impact of personalized dietary advice on metabolic
health using AI-driven pattern recognition, showing significant improvements in user
health metrics.
21. Chen, R., Sun, Y., Liu, H., & Zhang, W. (2023). Application of deep learning in
dietary recommendation systems: Improving user satisfaction and health outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition, 10(4), 315-328.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ainut.2023.10.004

Patents

22. Persona-Based Food Recommendation Systems and Methods: This patent describes
systems and methods that provide personalized menu item recommendations through a
nutrient-focused machine learning model. It assists users in selecting dishes that match
their persona by analyzing nearby restaurant menus and predicting user preferences.
23. Systems and Methods for Food Analysis, Personalized Recommendations, and Health
Management: This patent outlines methods and systems for offering personalized food
and health management recommendations. It involves mapping foods by developing a
food ontology, collecting and aggregating various data sets related to food, health, or
nutritional information of a user, and applying predictive models to determine the
effects of food consumption on the user's body.
24. System and Method for Providing Recommendation of Goods and Services Based on
Recorded Purchasing History: This patent details a system that offers personalized
recommendations for goods and services, including food items, by analyzing a user's
purchasing history and employing collaborative filtering techniques.
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

25. Customized Electronic Newspapers and Advertisements: This patent describes a

method for delivering customized content, such as electronic newspapers and
advertisements, tailored to individual user preferences, which can include personalized
food recommendations based on user profiles.
26. System and Method for Providing Access to Data Using Customer Profiles: This patent
outlines a system that utilizes customer profiles to provide personalized access to data,
enabling reliable recommendations for various products and services, including food
items, by leveraging machine learning algorithms to analyze user behavior and
preferences.

How do you intend to solve the problem?

The proponent of this research would like to focus on developing a mobile-based

application capable of providing personalized food recommendations for health-conscious
consumers using machine learning algorithms. The system will analyze user data, including
health status, dietary preferences, and nutritional goals, to generate tailored meal suggestions.
Moreover, the proponent also aims to compare the accuracy and effectiveness of the
personalized recommendation system with general dietary advice and other existing
recommendation platforms. The research will utilize Machine Learning (ML) and Deep
Learning (DL) techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and
collaborative filtering, to analyze user data and improve the accuracy of recommendations
over time. Shown in Figure 1 below is the Theoretical Framework of the study.

Figure 1, Theoretical Framework of the study

The Theoretical framework for "NutriAI: A Personalized Food Recommendation

System for Health-Conscious Consumers using Machine Learning Algorithms" is grounded in
theories
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

of machine learning, consumer behavior, and nutrition science. According to Russell and
Norvig (2016), machine learning techniques such as collaborative filtering, deep learning, and
reinforcement learning enable systems to analyze complex patterns and provide predictive
recommendations. NutriAI applies this by using machine learning models to process user data
and suggest personalized meal options.

Consumer preference elicitation is based on the theory that previous consumer behavior
can predict future choices (Ricci et al., 2015). NutriAI will analyze user purchase and
consumption patterns to build a user profile, similar to the approach used in recommendation
systems for consumer goods. Health and sustainability considerations are integrated into the
system based on findings from nutrition and health sciences, which highlight that food choices
are influenced not only by taste and cost but also by health benefits and environmental impact
(Fletcher et al., 2011).

The recommendation process is guided by content-based filtering and collaborative

filtering, which have been shown to enhance recommendation accuracy by combining user
preferences with product characteristics (Pazzani & Billsus, 2007). Evaluation metrics such as
precision, recall, Mean Average Precision (MAP), and Normalized Discounted Cumulative
Gain (NDCG) are widely used in recommendation systems to assess performance and improve
accuracy (Gunawardana & Shani, 2009). NutriAI will continuously refine its
recommendations through user feedback and system evaluation.

Figure 2, Conceptual Framework of the study

The conceptual framework in Figure 2 outlines the process of generating personalized

breakfast recommendations based on user input and knowledge-based reasoning. The process
begins with the User Query, where a user requests a specific type of breakfast, such as
"Suggest a breakfast that includes bread." The user’s dietary preferences (e.g., allergies to
peanuts and personal likes) and health guidelines (e.g., recommended carbohydrate intake
between 5 g to 30 g) are collected as input data (Smith et al., 2022). This step ensures that the
system can be a reliable suggestion to meet the user’s health and dietary requirements. The QE
Module (Query Expansion Module) expands the user query by incorporating dietary
preferences and health
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

guidelines into the request. For instance, it reformulates the original query to exclude peanuts
and specify the desired carbohydrate range (Johnson & Lee, 2021). This module ensures that
the system understands the user’s constraints and personal needs better. The KA Module
(Knowledge Augmentation Module) enriches the expanded query by integrating it with the
Food Knowledge Graph (KG). The augmented KG includes information such as recipes and
their nutritional content, allowing the system to access detailed food-related data (Brown et al.,
2020). This step enhances the system’s ability to generate comprehensive and accurate
recommendations. The CM Module (Classification Module) classifies the data into positive,
negative, and padding categories (Williams & Patel, 2021). Positive data align with the user’s
preferences and health guidelines, while negative data contradict them. Padding data provides
additional context to refine the recommendations. The KBQA Module (Knowledge-Based
Question Answering Module) processes the classified data to generate specific breakfast
recommendations. For example, the system might recommend "keto bread" as a suitable
option. This module ensures that the final recommendations are aligned with both the user’s
health guidelines and personal preferences (Garcia et al., 2021).

Target Users:

The findings of this study will become beneficial to the following:

1. Health-Conscious Individuals – People who actively monitor their diet and nutrition
to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
2. Individuals with Food Allergies – Users with specific dietary restrictions due to
allergies (e.g., peanut or gluten intolerance).
3. Athletes and Fitness Enthusiasts – People who require meal recommendations
tailored to their specific training and fitness goals.
4. Diabetics – Individuals who need to control their carbohydrate and sugar intake to
manage their blood sugar levels.
5. Weight Loss Seekers – Users looking to reduce calorie intake or follow structured
meal plans for weight management.
6. Vegetarians and Vegans – People following plant-based diets who need suitable meal
options without animal products.
7. Elderly Individuals – Seniors who may require meals tailored to their changing
nutritional needs and health conditions.
8. Busy Professionals – Individuals looking for quick, balanced meal recommendations
that fit into a busy schedule.
9. Parents and Caregivers – Those responsible for preparing meals for children or family
members with specific dietary needs.
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

10. Patients with Medical Conditions – People with health issues like hypertension, heart
disease, or kidney disease who need to follow specific dietary guidelines.
11. Dietitians and Nutritionists – Health professionals who could use the system to
recommend meal plans for their clients based on dietary needs and restrictions.

Significance of the Study:

This study aims to provide a more effective and user-centric approach to dietary planning
and food recommendations. By using machine learning algorithms, the system will analyze
user data, including personal preferences, dietary restrictions, and health guidelines, to
generate tailored meal suggestions (Smith et al., 2021). Machine learning models, such as
decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines (SVM), have been shown to
improve the accuracy of food recommendations by identifying complex patterns in user
behavior and nutritional data (Johnson & Lee, 2020).

The system integrates data from multiple sources, such as Food Knowledge Graphs (KG)
and Health Guidelines, to enhance the relevance and personalization of recommendations
(Garcia et al., 2021). Knowledge graphs allow the system to understand the relationships
between food items, nutrients, and health conditions, thereby improving the precision of meal
suggestions (Kim & Wang, 2019). Furthermore, by including user feedback, the system
continuously refines its recommendations, adapting to changing preferences and health needs
over time (Williams & Patel, 2022).

In addition to improving dietary habits, the project’s outcomes could lead to better health
outcomes by encouraging balanced nutrient intake and reducing the risk of diet-related
diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions (Brown et al., 2020). The
personalized approach also aims to increase user satisfaction by offering recommendations that
align with both health goals and taste preferences (Smith et al., 2021). Research suggests that
systems incorporating user-specific feedback and adaptive learning mechanisms are more
likely to engage users and sustain long-term healthy eating habits (Johnson & Lee, 2020).

Moreover, this study could benefit dietitians and healthcare providers by offering data-
driven insights into individual eating patterns, enabling more effective nutritional counseling
and intervention strategies (Garcia et al., 2021). The ability to provide dynamic, real-time
recommendations based on user health profiles and food availability enhances the practical
value of the system in everyday life (Kim & Wang, 2019).

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

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 Republic of the Philippines
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