Rodriguésia 74: e01152020.

2023
http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202374009

Original Paper
Flora of Pernambuco, Brazil: Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae)

Geadelande Carolino Delgado-Junior1,3, Swami Leitão Costa1,4,6, George Staples2 & Maria Teresa Buril1,5

Abstract
Ipomoea L. is the largest genus in Convolvulaceae with approximately 150 species reported from Brazil, more
than 50% of which are from the northeastern region of the country. The genus is represented by 48 species in
Pernambuco state, occurring in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga vegetation as well as areas impacted by human
activities. We present here an identification key, photographic documentation, taxonomic comments, and
the geographical distributions of species in Pernambuco. New records of Ipomoea cearensis O’Donell, I.
hirsutissima Gardner and I. squamosa Choisy for the state are reported.
Key words: biodiversity, morning glory, taxonomy, vines.
Resumo
Ipomoea L. é o maior gênero de Convolvulaceae com aproximadamente 150 espécies sendo reportadas para
o Brasil, das quais, mais de 50% são encontradas na região Nordeste. No estado de Pernambuco, o gênero
é representado por 48 espécies e ocorre na Floresta Atlântica, Caatinga e áreas antropizadas. Este estudo
inclui uma chave de identificação, fotos, comentários taxonômicos e distribuição geográfica das espécies.
Novos registros de Ipomoea cearenses O’Donell, I. hirsutissima Gardner and I. squamosa Choisy para o
estado são reportados.
Palavras-chave: biodiversidade, jitiranas, taxonomia, trepadeiras.

Introduction 2020). Approximately 160 species have been

reported from Brazil, being found in all states
Ipomoea L. comprises approximately 800
and phytogeographical domains, but mainly in
species and is the largest genus in Convolvulaceae
dry areas with open vegetation, such as Cerrado
and pantropical in its distribution (Wood et al.
and Caatinga (Flora do Brazil 2020, continously
2020). It is included in the tribe Ipomoeeae, which
updated); they are frequently found, however, along
is characterized by echinulate and panthoporate forest edges, in Campos Rupestres, and as pioneer
pollen grains, an entire style, and stigma usually species in disturbed environments (Flora do Brazil
with two globose lobes (Stefanović et al. 2003). 2020; Delgado-Junior et al. 2014). In the area of
Molecular analyses suggest that the genus in its this study, Ipomoea is represented by 46 species
traditional sense is paraphyletic and polymorphic, found in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest areas.
as other genera included in the tribe (e.g., Argyreia Although the genus has been extensively
Lour. and Turbina Raf.) are nested within it (Manos collected and can be easily recognized, its species
et al. 2001; Muñoz-Rodriguez et al. 2019). are morphologically diverse, varying in habit
Ipomoea is widely distributed, mainly in and in vegetative and reproductive characters,
the tropics, with the highest number of species leading to difficulty in delimiting their species
(425) being found in the Americas (Wood et al. due to overlapping characters (Miller et al. 1999;

1
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Prog. Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Lab. Sistemática Integrativa – LASI, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n,
Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
2
Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United
Kingdom. ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-2768>
3
ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-1540>
4
ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-8008>
5
ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-2057>
6
Author for correspondence: [email protected]
2 de 22 Buril MT et al.
Stefanović et al. 2003). The sepals (their shapes, The species were identified using specialized
proportions, indumentum, and ornamentation) are literature (Austin 1978, 1986; Simão-Bianchini
important taxonomic characters, especially when 1998; Buril & Alves 2011; Wood et al. 2015, 2017,
combined with vegetative characters such as leaves, 2020; Wood & Scotland 2017) and by comparison
indumentum, and the presence/absence of fleshy with material previously identified by specialists,
spines on the stems (Wood et al. 2020). including types. The morphological terminology
We provide here a synopsis of the genus follows Harris & Harris (2000). The nomenclature
Ipomoea in Pernambuco state, including a key for mainly follows Austin et al. (2015), with some
species identification, citations of representative updates (Wood et al. 2015, 2020; Staples 2015).
specimens of each species, taxonomic comments, Comments concerning species distribution are
distribution details and illustrations. based on Austin & Huáman (1996), the Flora of
Brazil (2020), the World Checklist of Ipomoea
Materials and Methods (Staples 2015), and the most recent monograph
Study area of the New World Ipomoea (Wood et al. 2020).
Pernambuco state (PE) is located in Habitat descriptions follow the classification
northeastern Brazil and occupies an area of 98,311 system of Andrade Lima (1957). We cite for each
km² with three phytogeographical zones (Fig. 1): 1) species some representative specimens (selected
Atlantic coast; 2) Atlantic Forest and 3) Caatinga (a based on the species’ distribution), and provide
deciduous vegetation covering approximately 80% field photographs, when available (Fig. 2-5).
of the territory) (Andrade-Lima 1957).
Results & Discussion
Specimens studied Ipomoea is represented by 48 species in
The analyses were based on the examination Pernambuco, of which 23 are widely distributed
of more than 600 specimens deposited in the ALCB, in the state; seven occur exclusively in the
ASE, BHCB, EAC, HVASF, HUEFS, NY, IPA, Atlantic Forest, three are restricted to the coast
JPB, PEUFR, SP, UFP, UFRN herbaria (acronyms (Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb, I. pes-caprae
according to Thiers continuously updated) and the (L.) R.Br., and I. violacea L.), and 16 occur only
Herbário Sergio Tavares (not indexed, HST), as in Caatinga, five of those being endemic to that
well as images from virtual herbaria (SpeciesLink, domain (I. longistaminea O’Donell, I. marcellia
Reflora). The authors undertook field trips and (Choisy) Meisner, I. parvibracteolata J.R.I.
studied living plants between 2009 and 2018. Wood & L.V.Vasconc, I. pintoi O’Donell, and I.
brasiliana var. subincana (Choisy) Meisner). Two
species (I. batatas L. and I. horsfalliae Hook.) are
exclusively cultivated and are not considered in
this treatment.
Four species were not included in this
treatment: I. cairica (L.) Sweet (1826: 287), I.
setifera Poiret (1804: 17), I. triloba Linnaeus
(1753:161) and I. wrightii A. Gray (1878: 213).
Ipomoea cairica was mentioned by Simão-Bianchini
et al. (2016) as occurring in areas of Atlantic Forest
in Pernambuco state. However, we found no records
of this species. The specimen Lima, J.L.S. 169,
deposited in the HTSA herbarium, was misidentified
as I. cairica, and is actually I. rosea.
Ipomoea setifera is cited in the Flora do Brazil
website (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2016) as occurring
in areas of Caatinga in Pernambuco state. However,
Figure 1 – Map of Pernambuco state, Brazil. Twenty- the herbarium specimens were misidentified as I.
three species are widely distributed in the state, seven setifera, and are actually I. parvibracteolata.
occur exclusively in the Atlantic Forest, three are Ipomoea triloba and I. grandifolia are
restricted to the Atlantic coast, and 16 occur only in confused with each other and commonly
Caatinga vegetation. misidentified. The two species are very similar

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Ipomoea from Pernambuco 3 de 22

and hard to distinguish, and we tried to identify Taxonomy

the material using the characters proposed by Ipomoea L.
Austin (1978), but without success, because many Annual or perennial, woody or herbaceous
of them overlap. Thus, we concur with Wood et al. vines, subshrubs, prostrate herbs, or shrubs; latex
(2015, 2020), who reported that genuine specimens present or absent. Leaves alternate, simple or,
of I. triloba do not occur in South America, rarely, compound, margins entire to dentate, rarely
and examples found there are here treated as I. revolute, petiolate, nectaries sometimes present.
grandifolia. Inflorescence axillary, fundamentally cymose,
Ipomoea wrightii is cited in the Flora do sometimes reduced to solitary flowers; bracteoles
Brazil website (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2016) present but often early caducous. Sepals glabrous
as occurring in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest od
to variously pubescent, sometimes ornamented
Pernambuco. Although the name I. wrightii has
with awns, spines, warts, or winged keels; corolla
long been used for this species in the Americas,
funnel-shaped or hypocrateriform, entire to slightly
including Brazil, the oldest and correct name for
lobed, plicate, purple, pink, red, white or, rarely,
it is actually I. heptaphylla Sweet, as typified by
yellow, glabrous or with indument outside on the
Verdcourt (1961: 13) and the nomenclature clarified
midpetaline bands; stamens 5, included or rarely
by Manitz (1983). The name I. wrightii is still
exserted, anthers usually oblong; ovary usually
recognized in the Flora do Brazil website (Simão-
globose, 2-, 3- or 4-locular, 1–2 ovules per locule,
Bianchini et al. 2016), but in this treatment we use
glabrous or pubescent; style 1, stigmas 2 (or 3),
the correct name I. heptaphylla.
Ipomoea hirsutissima, I. cearensis and I. globose; pollen echinulate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent
squamosa are reported here for the first time as by 4 or 6 valves, or rarely indehiscent; seeds 4, 6, (or
occurring in Pernambuco state. less by abortion), trigonous, glabrous or with varied
indumentum; hilum basal, semicircular to D-shaped.

Identification key to the Ipomoea species of Pernambuco state, Brazil

1. Shrubs, subshrubs or herbs, stems erect or prostrate ........................................................................... 2
1’. Climbing plants, stems twining ............................................................................................................ 6
2. Stems and leaves densely pilose with long, spreading hairs ............................. 16. I. hirsutissima
2’. Stems glabrous, puberulent, glabrescent, or canescent when young, and leaves sparsely pilose to
glabrous ………... 3
3. Shrubs erect. Corolla pubescent, at least in bud ...................... 10. I. carnea subsp. fistulosa
3’. Subshrubs prostrate. Corolla glabrous ................................................................................. 4
4. Leaves usually longer than wide (oval-oblong, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate). Corolla
white to pale yellow ................................................................................ 17. I. imperati
4’. Leaves usually wider than long (reniform to deltoid, orbicular, ovate, or quadrate).
Corolla pink, purple, rarely pure white (a few populations of I. asarifolia) ................ 5
5. Leaf base normally shallowly cordate. Outer sepals muricate and half as long as
the inner sepals ................................................................................ 5. I. asarifolia
5’. Leaf base normally rounded to broadly obtuse. Outer sepals smooth and slightly
smaller than inner ones ................................................................ 30. I. pes-caprae
6. Leaves compound or, when simple, deeply 3–5 or more lobed, rarely pinnately
divided .......................................................................................................... 7
6’. Leaves simple, entire, sometimes with a few marginal teeth, or shallowly
3-lobed ........................................................................................................ 13
7. Leaves pinnately divided to midrib. Corolla red .......... 35. I. quamoclit
7’. Leaves palmately lobed or compound, but never pinnately divided. Corolla
yellow, pink, purple, or magenta ......................................................... 8
8. Sepals with a tooth-like appendage ............................ 37. I. rosea
8’. Sepals without a tooth-like appendage, sometimes mucronate, smooth
or verrucose .................................................................................. 9

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9. Leaves deeply 3–5 lobed to palmately lobed ..................................................................................... 10
9’. Leaves divided into 5 or 7 leaflets ..................................................................................................... 12
10. Sepals flat, acuminate or acute. Corolla yellow, tube purple inside ................. 20. I. longeramosa
10’. Sepals convex, rounded or obtuse. Corolla purple to magenta .................................................. 11
11. Leaves relatively small, 3–5 × 4–6 cm, 3-lobed ............................................. 8. I. blanchetii
11’. Leaves large, 5–14 × 6–16 cm, 5-lobed ...................................................... 24. I. mauritiana
12. Outer sepals prominently fimbriate ............................................................. 46. I. tenera
12’. Outer sepals not fimbriate .......................................................................................... 13
13. Peduncles usually spirally twisted. Corolla < 2.5 cm long ........ 15. I. heptaphylla
13’. Peduncles straight. Corolla 4–6 cm long .................................... 45. I. subrevoluta
14. Outer sepals with a dorsal, tooth-like appendage or sub-apical awn, or
prominently 5-ribbed .................................................................................. 15
14’. Outer sepals various, but never as above .................................................. 19
15. Outer sepals with a dorsal tooth-like appendage or sub-apical awn ..... 16
15’. Outer sepals prominently 5-ribbed ..................... 29. I. parvibracteolata
16. Corolla pink. Outer sepals lacking an apical awn but with a dorsal,
tooth-like appendage ................................................ 6. I. bahiensis
16’. Corolla red, white, or purplish. Outer sepals with an apical awn but
lacking a dorsal, tooth-like appendage ....................................... 17
17. Outer sepals > 3 mm long. Corolla red ....... 14. I. hederifolia
17’. Outer sepals < 8 mm long. Corolla pale purplish or white ... 18
18. Corolla white, 7–13 cm long. Stamens exserted. Pedicels
not reflexed in fruit ........................................... 2. I. alba
18’. Corolla pale purplish, 4–6 cm long. Stamens included.
Pedicels strongly reflexed in fruit ........... 26. I. muricata
19. Stems with fleshy spines or with bristly, blackish
trichomes ............................................................ 20
19’. Stems without fleshy spines or without bristly ... 21
20. Stems glabrous. Outer sepals sparsely puberulent
to glabrescent. Bud apex whitish sericeous .....
................................................ 28. I. parasitica
20’. Stems hispid with bristly, blackish trichomes.
Outer sepals glabrous. Bud glabrous ...............
...................................................... 41. I. setosa
21. Young stems and/or petioles woolly,
sericeous, tomentose or velutinous ..... 21
21’. Young stems and/or petioles glabrous,
glabrescent, puberulent, hirsute or hispid
............................................................. 30
22. Outer sepals glabrous or glabrescent .
..................................................... 23
22’. Outer sepals pubescent, villous,
velutinous, or tomentose ............. 25
23. Outer sepals convex. Corolla
tubular. Stamens exserted ........
................. 21. I. longistaminea
23’. Outer sepals flat. Corolla funnel-
shaped. Stamens included ... 24
24. Leaves > 8 cm long. Corolla
≥ 10 cm long. Seeds pilose
on angles, with long white
hairs ............. 22. I. magna

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24’. Leaves < 4 cm long. Corolla ≤ 5 cm long. Seeds glabrescent in all surfaces ........................................
............................................................................................................... 9a. I. brasiliana var. brasiliana
25. Outer sepals with margins often wavy-repand. Inner sepals longer than outer ones ..... 42. I. sidifolia
25’. Outer sepals with entire margins, sometimes scarious. Sepals subequal, unequal or equal ..... 26
26. Corolla pale yellow, white, rarely greenish. Stamens exserted ..................... 23. I. marcellia
26’. Corolla pink or purple. Stamens included .......................................................................... 27
27. Sepal apex acute to obtuse ......................................................................................... 28
27’. Sepal apex rounded .................................................................................................... 30
28. Outer sepals lanceolate tomentellous, with gibbous base .... 25. I. megapotamica
28’. Outer sepals (ovate with spreading hairs), base not gibbous ............................. 29
29. Inflorescence with caducous linear bracteoles ........................... 38. I. rubens
29’. Inflorescence with with persistent filiform bracteoles ........ 39. I. sericophyla
30. Adaxial surface of the leaves sparsely pilose. Corolla sericeous outside.
Fruit indehiscent ........................................................ 40. I. sericosepala
30’. Abaxial surface of the leaves densely villose. Corolla glabrous outside.
Fruit dehiscent ...................................... 9b. I. brasiliana var. subincana
31. Young stems hispid or hirsute, trichomes longer than 1 mm ..... 32
31’. Young stems glabrous, glabrescent, pilose, or pubescent, rarely hirsute,
but in those cases trichomes shorter than 1 mm (in I. indica) ...... 33
32. Sepals with caudate apex; base hispid with long, yellowish
hairs ........................................................................... 27. I. nil
32’. Sepals with acute to acuminate apex; base softly pubescent with
short hairs and some longer, spreading and whitish hairs .......
......................................................................... 34. I. purpurea
33. Outer sepals warty ......................... 4. I. aristolochiifolia
33’. Outer sepals smooth ................................................... 34
34. Sepals completely glabrous ................................ 33
34’. Sepals with some trichomes ............................... 48
35. Outer sepals convex or boat-shaped ........... 36
35’. Outer sepals flat .......................................... 40
36. Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate .................
.............................................. 32. I. pintoi
36’. Leaves ovate, cordate, subreniform,
subtrilobate, or suborbicular ............... 37
37. Outer sepals ≥ 6 mm long. Corolla ≥
5 cm long. Seeds woolly ............ 38
37’. Outer sepals ≤ 4mm long. Corolla ≤ 3.5
cm long. Seeds tomentose and pilose
on their margins, or glabrous ........ 39
38. Seed covered by trichomes ......
......................... 7. I. batatoides
38’. Seed with trichomes only in
margins ............. 44. I. subalata
39. Corolla ≥ 3.5 cm long.
Seeds tomentose and pilose
on their margins ...............
.................... 3. I. amnicola
39’. Corolla ≤ 2.5 cm long.
Seeds glabrous .................
............. 36. I. ramosissima
40. P e d i c e l s o n o p e n
flower or fruit < 5 mm
long ..................... 41

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40’. Pedicels on open flower or fruit > 9 mm long ................................................................................... 42
41. Stems stout and prominently winged ................................................................. 33. I. pterocaulis
41’. Stems not stout and winged ....................................................................................................... 43
42. Inflorescence cymous. Bracteoles scale-like, caducous < 3 mm .................. 1. I. acanthocarpa
42’. Inflorescence subcapitate. Bracteoles lanceolate, persistent, ca. 5 mm long .... 12. I. fasciculata
43. Inflorescence a corymb. Outer sepals half the size of the inner ............... 43. I. squamosa
43’. Inflorescence a solitary flower, a thyrse, or a cyme. Outer sepals equal or subequal to
inner sepals, or one outer sepal smaller than the others ............................................. 44
44. One outer sepal smaller than the others ............................................ 47. I. tiliacea
44’. Outer sepals equal or subequal to inner sepals ....................................................... 45
45. Outer sepals oblong to lanceolate, apex acute, membranaceous ... 18. I. incarnata
45’. Outer sepals rounded or ovate to orbicular, obtuse, or with rounded apex,
coriaceous or subcoriaceous ........................................................................... 46
46. Corolla white to pale yellow. Sepals equal in shape ....... 48. I. violacea
46’. Corolla pink. Sepals unequal in shape ................................................... 47
47. Inflorescence cymose. Outer sepals with cuneate to rounded bases. Inner
sepals with margins prominently scarious ........ 11. Ipomoea cearensis
47’. Inflorescence a thyrse. Outer sepals with subcordate bases. Inner sepals
without margins prominently scarious ................... 31. I. philomega
48. Corolla > 4 cm long. Sepals with long-attenuate apex ..............
................................................................................ 19. I. indica
48’. Corolla ≤ 2.5 cm long. Sepals with acute apex, mucronate ......
........................................................................ 13. I. grandifolia

1. Ipomoea acanthocarpa (Choisy) Hochst. ex 2. Ipomoea alba L., Sp. Pl. 161 (1753).
Schweinf. & Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 277 (1867). Type: INDIA. Malabar, illustration in Rheede, Hortus
Type: SUDAN. Kordofan, 28 November 1839, Malabaricus 11: 103, plate 50 (1,2) (1692). Fig. 2a-b
Kotschy C.G.T. 269 (isotype: MPU). Fig. 4h Selected material: PERNAMBUCO: Maraial,
Selected material: PERNAMBUCO: Buíque, 22.IX.2006, fl. & fr., M. S. Leite 198 (HST; IPA). São
31.VIII.2013, fl. & fr., G.C. Delgado-Júnior 691 (UFP). Lourenço da Mata, 31.VIII.2006, fl., L. Primo s.n. (IPA
Caruaru, 30.VI.1998, fl., E. Locatelli s.n. (UFP39652). 89222; UFP 44333). Triunfo, 22.XI.1992, fl., A. M.
It can be recognized by having short pedicels Miranda et al. 689 (HST).
(less than 5 mm long); leaves usually cordate, Ipomoea alba can be easily confused when
with one or two marginal teeth close to the base in fruit with I. muricata (L.) Jacquin, due to the
(sometimes absent); sepals subequal, acute, inner presence of fleshy spines on the stems, and outer
ones with scarious margins; small corollas (shorter sepals with an awn. However, its pedicel is erect
than 3 cm); capsule with a persistent style. In a and the outer sepals are > 13 mm long (vs. pedicels
paper on Bolivian Ipomoea, Wood et al. (2015: strongly reflexed and outer sepals < 14 mm long in
37) reduced I. piurensis to synonymy under the Ipomoea muricata). When in flower, Ipomoea alba
African species, I. acanthocarpa (Choisy) Aschers. can be easily identified by its white corolla with
& Schweinf. Molecular studies (Munoz-Rodriguez nocturnal anthesis and exserted stamens (vs. the
et al. 2019) corroborated this synonymization and diurnal anthesis, pale purplish corolla and included
indicate that I. acanthocarpa is of American origin stamens typical of I. muricata).
and has colonized Africa by long-distance dispersal. Ipomoea alba has a pantropical distribution
Widely distributed in tropical South America as it is widely cultivated as an ornamental and
and Africa, with an isolated record from Costa Rica escapes from cultivation (Wood et al. 2020). In
(Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil occurs in Amazonian, Brazil it is widely distributed in all states and
Caatinga and Atlantic Forest vegetation along the phytogeographical domains (Simão-Bianchini
Brazilian coast, from Roraima to Bahia states (Simão- et al. 2020). In Pernambuco state, it appears to
Bianchini et al. 2020) It can be found throughout be native to the Atlantic Forest in humid areas
Pernambuco state in both the Caatinga and Atlantic and is frequently found in disturbed areas or as a
Forest domains, frequently in disturbed areas. cultivated plant.

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a b c

d e f

g h i

Figure 2 – a-b: Ipomoea alba – a. corolla; b. outer sepals with an awn. c. Ipomoea amnicola – corolla with convex
sepals. d. Ipomoea aristolochiifolia – outer sepals warty. e. Ipomoea asarifolia – outer sepals warty and shorter than
the inner ones. f. Ipomoea bahiensis – outer sepals with a dorsal tooth-like appendage. g. Ipomoea batatoides – convex,
equal and glabrous sepals. h. Ipomoea blanchetii – inflorescence and 3-lobed leaf. i. Ipomoea brasiliana – sepals.
Photographs: Laboratório de Sistemática Integrativa (LASI).
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3. Ipomoea amnicola Morong, Ann. New York reniform to orbicular leaves, and outer sepals warty
Acad. Sci. 7: 170 (1893). and half as long as the inner ones. The species are
Type: PARAGUAY. Pilcomayo River, T. Morong both highly polymorphic and intermediates occur.
974 (holotype: NY, isotypes: MO, NDG, PH, R). Ipomoea asarifolia usually has cordate leaf bases
Fig. 2c (vs. rounded to broadly obtuse in I. pes-caprae),
Selected material: PERNAMBUCO: fl., L.H. Piedade and the outer sepals are warty and half the size of
s.n. (SP319349). Petrolina, 29.VII.1984, fl., G.C.P. Pinto the inner ones (vs. smooth and slightly shorter).
198 (ALCB19617). Widely distributed in the Americas, Africa,
It can be easily recognized by its completely and Asia (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it is found
glabrous, entire, cordate leaves, the basal sinus in Amazonian, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest areas
shallow and broad, sunken nectary present at the in North and Northeastern regions of the country
petiole base, convex sepals ≤ 4 mm long, corolla (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2020). In Pernambuco, it
> 3.5 cm long, and seeds tomentose, pilose along is a quite common species and occurs in disturbed
their margins. areas from the Atlantic Forest to Caatinga,
Found in southern United States of America, especially along roads.
and from Colombia to Argentina (Wood et al.
2020). In Brazil is found in Caatinga, Atlantic 6. Ipomoea bahiensis Willd., Syst Veg., ed. 15 bis
Forest and Pantanal areas of Alagoas, Bahia, [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 789 (1819).
Pernambuco, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Type: BRAZIL. Hoffmannsegg s.n. (holotype:
Gerais state (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2020). In B-W, photo F). Fig. 2f
Pernambuco, it occurs in the Atlantic Forest and Selected material: Arcoverde, 8.V.2015, fl., G.C.
Caatinga, normally associated with swampy areas. Delgado-Junior et al. 802 (UFP). Buíque, 31.VIII.2013,
fl. & fr., G.C. Delgado-Junior 706 (UFP). Triunfo,
4. Ipomoea aristolochiifolia G. Don, Gen. Hist. 18.VI.1998, fl., F.V. Silva 58 (ASE, BHCB, EAC, HST).
iv. 277 (1838). Highly polymorphic regarding leaf shape and
Type: VENEZUELA. La Venta propre Caracas, size, corolla size and color, and the ornamentation
Bonpland 679 (holotype: P). Fig. 2d of the outer sepals. In its typical form, it has
Selected material: Bezerros, 9.XI.2015, fl. & fr., G. sagittate leaves, and the outer sepals have a dorsal,
Staples 1714 (PEUFR). Gravatá, 1.VIII.1996, fl., J.E.G., tooth-like appendage. The character cordate leaves
Lima de & E.B. Souza 87 (HST). Mirandiba, 28.X.2008, are not rare in this species, however, and the sepals
fl., K. Pinheiro 1226 (UFP). can have granular and black dots, or the tooth may
It can be easily recognized by its entire be reduced to a raised, dark green line.
cordate leaves, short corolla (shorter than 2.5 cm), Ipomoea bahiensis occurs in Brazil and
subequal sepals, the outer ones warty and slightly Bolivia (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it occurs
shorter than the inner ones, margins pale when in from Amazon to Rio de Janeiro in Amazon,
fruit, and capsule with a persistent style. Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas
Widely distributed from Arizona to Mexico (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2020). It is a quite common
and from Central America to the Andes and Brazil species in Pernambuco state, widely distributed,
(Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it is found in Amazon, and frequently found in disturbed areas of Caatinga
Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas and in Pernambuco, and Atlantic Forest.
it occurs in disturbed areas within the Atlantic Forest,
in transition areas, or in the Caatinga on quarzitic- 7. Ipomoea batatoides Choisy Pl., Hartw.
sandy soils (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2020). [Bentham] 46 (1840). Type: BRAZIL. Bahia,
Blanchet s.n. (holotype G, not found; probable
5. Ipomoea asarifolia Roem. & Schult., Syst. isotype F, F0054873F). Fig. 2g
Veg., ed. 15 bis, 4: 251 (1819). Type: SENEGAL, Selected material: Bonito, 2.XI.2003, fl., A. Rodrigues
Roussillon s.n. (holotype: P-Lam). Fig. 2e 45 (UFP). Garanhuns, 2.VIII.1998, fl., J.I.M. Melo 40
Selected material: Buíque, 7.V.2013, fl., G.C. Delgado- (PEUFR). Maraial, 22.V.1998, fl. fr, M.F.A. Lucena 516
Junior 624 (UFP). Goiana, 20.IX.2010, fl., D.M. (PEUFR).
Cavalcanti 250 (JPB, NY). Triunfo, 18.VI.1999, fl. & It resembles I. amnicola in having convex,
fr., F.V. Silva 53 (UFRN, IPA, HUEFS). equal, and glabrous sepals, but can be easily
Ipomoea asarifolia, together with I. pes- distinguished from it by having larger sepals (≥ 6 mm)
caprae, can be easily distinguished from other and corollas (≥ 5 cm), and woolly seeds (vs. sepals >
species in Pernambuco by their prostrate habit, 4 mm long and corolla > 3.5 mm long in I. amnicola).

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Ipomoea from Pernambuco 9 de 22

It is distributed from Mexico to Brazil (Wood being considered a larger form of I. brasiliana
et al. 2020). In Brazil it is found in North, Northeast (with larger flowers, more robust stems, and larger
and Midwest regions (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2020). leaves). The distinctions between those species are
In Pernambuco state, it usually occurs in Atlantic discussed in the notes for I. magna. The distinctions
Forest or transition areas, especially in sites in a between the varieties brasiliana and subincana are
good state of conservation, along forest edges. discussed under the comments of I. brasiliana var.
subincana.
8. Ipomoea blanchetii Choisy Pl., Hartw. [Bentham]
46 (1840). 9b. Ipomoea brasiliana var. subincana (Choisy)
Type: BRAZIL. Serra Açurua, Rio São João, anno J.R.I. Wood & Scotland Pl., Hartw. [Bentham] 46
1838, Blanchet 2906 (holotype G-DC, G00135666; (1840).
isotypes K, NY, P). Fig. 2h Rivea subincana Choisy (1845:325)
Selected material: Exu, 4.III.2011, fl., J. Alves 117 Ipomoea subincana (Choisy) Meisn. in Martius et
(IPA). Petrolina, 20.III.2009, fl. & fr., M.M. Coelho 148 al., (1869: 259).
(HVASF). Salgueiro, 31.III.2009, fl., J.G. Carvalho- Lectotype: BRAZIL. March 1817, Maximilian Pr.
Sobrinho 2098 (HVASF). Wied s.n., (BR000000584452, BR000000584551,
Ipomoea blanchetii can be recognized by its BR000000584554). Fig. 5e
completely glabrous, 3–5-lobate leaves, convex Selected material: Buíque, 9.V.2015, fl. & fr., G.C.
and equal sepals, with rounded apices, and a large, Delgado-Júnior 812 (PEUFR). Floresta, 18.II.2011, fl.,
purple to magenta corolla. M.V. Meiado 429 (HVASF). São Caetano, 20.III.2010,
It is endemic to Brazil (Wood et al. 2020). fl. & fr., K. Mendes 441 (UFP).
In Brazil, is found in Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado Ipomoea brasiliana var. brasiliana can be
and Atlantic Forest vegetation (Simão-Bianchini et distinguished by its outer sepals being glabrous-
al., continuously updated). In Pernambuco state it glabrescent instead of velutinous; in the field it can
occurs in areas of Caatinga and on the Fernando be distinguished by having green sepals (vs. purple
de Noronha archipelago. sepals in I. brasiliana var. subincana).

9. Ipomoea brasiliana Pl., Hartw. [Bentham] 46 10. Ipomoea carnea Jacq. subsp. fistulosa (Mart.
(1840). ex Choisy) D.F. Austin Pl., Hartw. [Bentham] 46
Rivea brasiliana Mart. ex Choisy (1845: 326). (1840).
Type: BRAZIL. Piauí, in sylvis Caatingas; Bahia, Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy (1845: 349).
propre Joazeiro, Martius Obs. 2478 (holotype: Type: BRAZIL. Martius 2378, lectotype (M).
M). Fig. 2i Fig. 3a
Selected material: Cabrobó, 12.VII.2007, fl., M.
Wood et al. (2020: 254) recognize two Oliveira 2942 (UFP). Custódia, 18.XI.2009, fl., D.
varieties (var. brasiliana and var. subincana) that Araújo 970 (HVASF). Serra Talhada, 3.VII.2012, fl. &
was previously treat as distinct species. Both taxa fr., V.M. Cotarelli 1869 (HVASF).
occupy the same habitat and geographical range, It can be easily identified by being an erect
and their characters are not always consistent, and shrub (1–2 m tall) with hollow stems, sepals
intermediates can be found. Both are also part of tomentose to glabrescent, and corolla longer than
a species complex that includes three others (I. 6 cm and pubescent (at least in the bud).
magna, I. calyptrata and I. veadeirosii). It occurs from Mexico to Central America
It is endemic to Brazil, occurring in Caatinga and is widely distributed in South America (Wood
and Cerrado areas of all states of the Northeast et al. 2020). In Brazil, this subspecies can be
region and Minas Gerais (Wood et al. 2020). In considered an exotic naturalized species (Simão-
Pernambuco state, it is usually found in well- Bianchini et al., continuously updated). It usually
preserved areas of the Caatinga and Cerrado occurs in swampy areas and is often cultivated as
domains growing on sandy soils and rock outcrops. an ornamental.

9a. Ipomoea brasiliana var. brasiliana 11. Ipomoea cearensis O’Donell, Lilloa 26: 363,
Selected material: Arcoverde, 28.XI.2012, fl. & fr., tab. 4 (1953).
A.C.P. Oliveira 2013 (HVASF). Buíque, 3.VI.2013, Type: BRAZIL. Ceará, Salvarão, A. Lofgren 158
fl., G.C. Delgado-Junior et al. 672 (UFP). Salgueiro, (holotype S07-4422)
12.V.2009, fl., M. Oliveira 4108 (HVASF). Selected material: Buíque, 1.VI.2012, fl., G.C.
Ipomoea magna was recently described, Delgado-Junior 364 (UFP).

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a b c

d e f

g h i

Figure 3 – a. Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa – corolla. b. Ipomoea grandifolia –corolla small and sepals ciliate.
c. Ipomoea hederifolia – outer sepals with awn. d. Ipomoea imperati – corolla. e. Ipomoea incarnata – corolla. f.
Ipomoea indica – corolla and sepals. g. Ipomoea longeramosa – corolla. h. Ipomoea longistaminea – corolla bright
with rotund and glabrous sepals. i. Ipomoea marcellia – corolla. Photos: a-g. Lasi H, Espírito-Santo FS, i. Queiroz JA.
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Ipomoea from Pernambuco 11 de 22

It can be recognized by having cordate leaves, fr., K. Pinheiro 624 (UFP). Salgueiro, 11.V.2012, fl., M.
glabrous above and sparsely pubescent below; Oliveira 4888 (HVASF).
many-flowered inflorescences; rounded to oblong, Ipomoea hederifolia is one of a few species
subequal sepals, the outer ones coriaceous and inner with a red hypocrateriform corolla with exserted
ones with scarious margins and cordate apices. stamens - an unusual characteristic among species
It is endemic to Brazil (Wood et al. 2020). In from Pernambuco state. It can be recognized by its
Pernambuco, this species represents a new record and entire to 3-lobate leaves and outer sepals with an
was found on sandy soils in the Caatinga domain. apical awn.
It is a common pantropical weed (Wood et
12. Ipomoea fasciculata J.R.I.Wood & Scotland al. 2020). Widely distributed in Brazil (Simão-
PhytoKeys 88: 18 (2017). Bianchini et al., continuously updated) and in
Type: BRAZIL. Pernambuco, Agrestina, Inselberg Pernambuco state found mostly along forest borders
Pedra Cabeça de Velho, 8°23’29.7”S 36°00’37.6”W, and in disturbed areas.
832 m, 22 Oct. 2007, P. Gomes, M. Alves & B. Maciel
658 (holotype RB00601358, isotype UFP, n.v.). 15. Ipomoea heptaphylla Sweet Hort. Brit. [Sweet],
Selected material: Agrestina, 22.X.2007, fl., P. Gomes ed. 2. 372 (1830).
658 (UFP). Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray (1878: 213).
It is imilar to Ipomoea acanthocarpa due Type: INDIA. cultivated in Calcutta Botanic Garden,
to its short pedicel. Ipomoea fasciculata can be [icon] Roxburgh drawing 1950.
distinguished by having a subcapitate inflorescence, Selected material: Pesqueira, 12.VIII.2014, fl., M. Grillo
sepals glabrous, with scarious margins and a 68 (PEUFR). Venturosa, 1.VII.2007, fl. & fr., P. Gomes
prominently mucronate apex. 387 (UFP). Petrolina, 11.X.2008, fl., A.E.M. Silva 2
It is a Brazilian endemic species, occurring in (HVASF).
Bahia, Pernambuco and Sergipe (Simão-Bianchini Ipomoea heptaphylla can be easily recognized
et al., continuously updated). In Pernambuco it was by its compound leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets, small,
found on rock outcrops in the Caatinga domain. solitary flowers < 2.5 cm long, and peduncles that
are long, slender, and usually spirally twisted or
13. Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O´Donell Arq. coiled. Although the name I. wrightii has long been
Mus. Paranaense 9: 222 (1952). used for this species in the Americas, including
Jacquemontia grandifolia Dammer (1897: 41). Brazil, the oldest and correct name is actually I.
Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, ad São Christavão, in heptaphylla Sweet, as typified by Verdcourt (1961:
capoeira, 29 Mar. 1879, Glaziou 11257 (holotype: B, 13), the nomenclature clarified by Manitz (1983)
destroyed, photo F; isotypes: K, R, SP). Fig. 3b and accepted by Wood et al. (2020).
Selected material: Buíque, 1.VIII.2013, fl., G.C. Delgado- It is widely distributed in the Americas and
Junior 722 (UFP). São José do Egito, 14.V.2008, fl. & fr., in the neotropics (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it
C. Ferreira s.n. (IPA83968). Venturosa, 1.VII.2007, fl., P. is found in Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest
Gomes 388 (UFP). (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated)
It is classified in the section Batatas, together but is not a common species in Pernambuco state,
with I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. grandifolia has usually being found along forest borders in areas in
corollas ≤ 2.5 cm long (vs. 3.5 cm in I. tiliacea) and a good state of conservation, or on rock outcrops in
sepals ovate (vs. oblanceolate or obovate in I. tiliacea). the Caatinga domain.
It is widely distributed in South America
(Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil, it is found in all regions 16. Ipomoea hirsutissima Gardner Icon. Pl. 5(2):
and phytogeographical domains (Simão-Bianchini sub t. 471 (1842).
et al., continuously updated) and is widespread in Type: BRAZIL. Goiás, Missião Duro, Oct.
Pernambuco state, frequently found in disturbed 1839, Gardner 3355 (lectotype: K000612806;
areas with anthropogenic influences. isolectotypes F, BM, GH, NY, K, P, SP).
Selected material: Petrolândia, 10.V.1971, fl., E. P.
14. Ipomoea hederifolia L. Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: Heringer 12822 (NY).
925 (1759). Ipomoea hirsutissima can be easily
Type: “in America” [icon] “Ipomoea foliis cordatis” distinguished from the other species of Ipomoea
in Plumier, Pl. Amer.: t. 93, f. 2. 1756. Fig. 3c in Pernambuco state by being an erect herb less
Selected material: Igarassu, 23.XII.2011, fl. & fr., D. than 50 cm tall, and the whole plant densely pilose
Cavalcanti 643 (JPB, UFP). Mirandiba, 3.V.2008, fl. & with long, spreading hairs.

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12 de 22 Buril MT et al.
It is distributed from Brazil to Paraguay and Selected material: Brejo da Madre de Deus, 26.V.1995,
Bolivia (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil, can be found fl., I. Andrade 85 (PEUFR). Caruaru, 21.VII.2007, fl.,
in Cerrado vegetation of the states of Goiás, Minas M.S. Leite 371 (UFP). Triunfo, 18.VI.1999, fl. & fr., F.
Gerais and São Paulo (Simão-Bianchini et al., Silva 59 (UFRN).
continuously updated). Ipomoea hirsutissima is a It can be confused with I. nil (L.) Roth due
new record for the state of Pernambuco, being found to its outer sepals with elongated apices (being
in the Caatinga area. caudate in I. nil and long-attenuate in I. indica) but
can be easily distinguished by its glabrous to softly
17. Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb Cat. Pl. Cub. pubescent sepals with short indumentum (vs. bristly
[Grisebach.] 203 (1866). hirsute with long, patent hairs in I. nil).
Convolvulus imperati Vahl (1790:17) Widely distributed throughout the Americas
Type: Imperato, Hist. Nat., ed. 2, 671, unnumbered and in the tropics globally (Wood et al. 2020). In
illustration cited as “Convolvulus marino”, Pernambuco state, it is known from the borders of
1672, lectotype designated by Valva & Sabato Atlantic Forest and in transition areas. In Caatinga,
(1983:110). Fig. 3d it is found on rock outcrops and in areas under
Selected material: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, 17.IX.2004, human influence.
fl., A. Rodrigues 47 (UFP). Serrambi, 10.X.1997, fl. &
fr., V. Santos 60 (PEUFR). Recife, 2.X.2011, fl., J. Alves 20. Ipomoea longeramosa Choisy Prodr. [A. P. de
et al. 677 (IPA). Candolle] 9: 384 (1845).
It can be distinguished by its prostrate habit, Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, in sepibus ad
oval-oblong, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate succulent Morro do Lobo, Jan., Martius ‘117’ (holotype: M,
leaves with emarginate apices, and a white to pale M0185026; isotype M). Fig. 3g
yellow corolla. Selected material: Buíque, 31.VIII.2013, fl.fr., G.C.
Widely distributed on sandy tropical beaches Delgado-Junior 659 (UFP). Cabrobó, 11.V.2009, fl., M.T.
(Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it can be found on Buril 296 (HVASF). Petrolina, 28.VI.1983, fl., G. Fotius
the atlantic coast in Atlantic Forest vegetation 3279 (IPA, HST).
(Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated). In Ipomoea longeramosa is the only species
Pernambuco state, it occurs along dune crests and found in Pernambuco state with palmately lobed
on the back slopes of dunes. leaves and a yellow corolla, the tube purple inside.
Distributed from Venezuela to Brazil (Wood
18. Ipomoea incarnata Choisy, Prodr. [A. P. de et al. 2020), where it can be found in Caatinga,
Candolle] 9: 360 (1845). Cerrado and Amazon areas (Simão-Bianchini et al.,
Convolvulus incarnatus Vahl (1798: 12). continuously updated). In Pernambuco state, it is
Type: CURAÇAO. J.P.B. von Rohr 5 (lectotype: found only in the Caatinga domain on rock outcrops
C10009674). Fig. 3e or on sandy soils.
Selected material: Maraial, 8.X.2004, fl., M.S. Leite &
J.F. Oliveira 5 (HST). Petrolina, 15.V.2009, fl., M.T. Buril 21. Ipomoea longistaminea O’Donell Lilloa 23:
330 (HVASF, UFP). Serra Talhada, 28.IV.2004, fl., E.L. 488, tab. 12 (1950).
Araújo 418 (PEUFR). Type: BRAZIL. Bahia, Barrinha, 7-8 June 1915,
Completely glabrous, leaves cordate to Rose & Russell 19784 (holotype: US; isotype:
sagittate, sepals equal in size, oblong to lanceolate, NY). Fig. 3h
acute, membranaceous, paleaceous when dry, with Selected material: Afrânio, 3.VI.2006, fl., I.D. Pequeno
prominent longitudinal veins. 3 (HVASF). Lagoa Grande, 2.VIII.2011, fl. & fr., C.T.V.
It is distributed from Ecuador to Brazil, where de Dias Martins 168c (HUEFS). Ouricuri, 5.V.1971, fl.,
it occurs mostly in the northeastern region (Simão- Academia Brasileira de Ciências 517 (IPA).
Bianchini et al., continuously updated). Found Very distinct from all other Ipomoea species
mostly in disturbed areas in the Caatinga domain in in Pernambuco state, due to its dense white
Pernambuco state. indumentum on the stems; sepals convex, subequal,
rounded and glabrous; corolla bright reddish to dark
19. Ipomoea indica (Burman) Merrill (1917: 445). pink, tubular with a short-reflexed limb. The plants
Convolvulus indicus Burm. (1755: 6) are usually deciduous when flowering.
Type: [icon] “Convolvulus indicus flore violaceo” It is endemic to Brazil, occurring only in the
in Besler, Hort. Eyst. Aest. Or. 13, fol. 8, f. 2. 1613, Caatinga domain on sandy soils (Wood et al. 2020;
lectotype designated by Fosberg (1976). Fig. 3f Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated).

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Ipomoea from Pernambuco 13 de 22

22. Ipomoea magna Sim.-Bianch. & J. R. I. Wood Ipomoea mauritiana is widely distributed
Kew Bull. 72(1)-8: 18 (2017). with a pantropical distribution (Wood et al.
Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, 13 km W of Januária 2020). In Brazil, it is found in the northern part
on road to Serra das Araras, 575 m, 19 April 1973, of the country, in Amazon, Caatinga and Atlantic
W. R. Anderson, P. A. Fryxell, S. R. Hill, R. Reis Forest areas (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously
dos Santos & R. Souza 9184 (holotype UB; isotypes updated). In Pernambuco state is found only in
FTG, NY). Fernando de Noronha Island.
Selected material: Salgueiro, 21.V.1971, fl., E. P.
Heringer et al. 721 (IPA, SPF).
25. Ipomoea megapotamica ChoisyProdr. [A. P.
It is similar to Ipomoea brasiliana due to
de Candolle] 9: 375 (1845).
its equal, oblong, glabrous sepals, but can be
Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul, Terrenos,
distinguished by the leaves > 8 cm long (vs. ca. 4 cm
G. Hatschbach 23711, (neotype NY; isoneotype F,
long in I. brasiliana var. brasiliana), corolla ≥ 10 cm
MBM). Fig. 4a
long (vs. ca. ≤ 5 cm long) and by the long hairs on
Selected material: Caruaru, 21.VI.2009, fl., M. Sobral-
its seeds (vs. the glabrescent seeds of I. brasiliana).
Leite 906 (UFP). Mirandiba, 3.V.2008, fl., K. Pinheiro
It occurs in Paraguay and Brazil (Wood et al.
626 (UFP). Pedra, 10.V.2015, fl. & fr., G.C. Delgado
2020). In Brazil, recorded until now from the states 822 (PEUFR).
of Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Pernambuco It is easily identified by its many-flowered
in dry forest areas (Caatinga and Cerrado) (Simão-
inflorescences, sepals unequal, the outer ones
Bianchini et al., continuously updated). Only one
acute, with gibbous bases (with nectaries).
record was found for Pernambuco, in an area of
Wood et al. (2017) proposed a subspecies I.
Caatinga vegetation.
megapotamica subsp. velutina J.R.I. Wood &
Scotland characterized by the abaxial surface of
23. Ipomoea marcellia Meisn., Fl. bras. (Martius)
the leaves being densely pilose, the hairs adpressed,
7: 257 (1869).
Marcellia villosa Choisy (1844: 443). long, and conspicuous, while I. megapotamica
Lectotype: BRAZIL. Piauí, inter Capoculo et subsp. megapotamica is characterized by the
Serrinha, May, Martius Obs. 2437 [field ticket 98] abaxial surface of the leaves being minutely
(M0184915, M0184913, M0184914, M0184916, puberulent to scabridulous.
NY00336562). Fig. 3i It is widely distributed in the South Americna
Selected material: Alagoinha, 29.IX.1995, fl. & fr., L. lowlands and is very variable (Wood et al. 2020;
Griz et al. 14 (IPA). Buíque, 9.V.2015, fl. & fr., G.C. Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated). In
Delgado-Júnior 817 (PEUFR). Salgueiro, 12.V.2009, Pernambuco state, it is found on rock outcrops or
fl., M. Oliveira 4110 (HVASF). in sandy soils in the Caatinga domain, and rarely
It can be recognized by having villous leaves in transitional zones.
with prominent veins underneath, the funnelform,
pale yellow or white, rarely greenish corolla tube, 26. Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort.
with a wide limb, and exserted stamens. Schoenbr. 3: 40 (t. 323) (1803).
Endemic to the Caatinga region of northeastern Convolvulus muricatus L. (1767: 44).
Brazil (Wood et al. 2020; Simão-Bianchini et Type: INDIA. Suratte, Braad s.n., LINN 218.18.
al., continuously updated). Present only in well- Selected material: Carpina, 1.I.1986, fl., B. Ramesh 75
preserved areas, on sandy soils or rock outcrops. (IPA). Fernando de Noronha, 17.VI.2003, fl., A. Miranda
4117 (HST).
24. Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Collectanea Its distinction from I. alba was discussed
[Jacquin] 4: 216 (1790). in the comments for that species. The ambiguous
TYPE: Plant cultivated in Vienna, probably not nomenclature and typification were settled by
preserved. Staples et al. (2005).
Selected material: Fernando de Noronha, Morro da
Widely distributed in the tropics (Wood et al.
Quixaba, 8.IV.1999, fl. & fr., A.M. Miranda 3214 (EAC);
20.X.1955, Andrade-Lima 55-2217 (IPA).
2020), but in Brazil is found only from Ceará to
Frequently found in humid tropical lowlands, São Paulo in Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest
I. mauritiana is a very variable plant, mainly in the vegetation (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously
leaf form, varying from unlobed prominently lateral updated). In Pernambuco state, it occurs in Atlantic
toothed, 3-lobed or 5 lobed. Forest and transition areas.

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a b c

d e f

g h i

Figure 4 – a. Ipomoea megapotamica – corolla and sepals with gibbous base. b. Ipomoea nil – corolla and sepals
with a long and linear acumen. c-d. Ipomoea parasitica – c. flower; d. stems with fleshy spines and fruits. e. Ipomoea
pes-caprae – corolla. f. Ipomoea philomega – sepals. g. Ipomoea pintoi – corolla. h. Ipomoea acanthocarpa – flower.
i. Ipomoea quamoclit – flower. Photos: LASI.
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Ipomoea from Pernambuco 15 de 22

27. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797). HST); 13.VI.1995, fl. & fr., M.M. Silva 18 (HUEFS);
Convolvulus nil L. (1762: 219). 18.IV.1971, fl., Academia Brasileira de Ciências 71 (IPA).
Type: [icon] Dillenius, Hort. Eltham., 1: 96, t. 80, Morphologically close to I. setifera and I.
f. 91 (1732). Fig. 4b fimbriosepala sharing the remarkable prominently
Selected material: Buíque, 3.VII.2013, fl. & fr., G.C. ribbed sepals. It can be distinguished by its small
Delgado-Junior 678 (UFP). Igarassu, 28.X.2009, fl., leaves, large corolla ≥ 10 cm long, and tiny,
J.D. García-González 1251 (JPB, UFP). Serra Talhada, linear and deciduous bracteoles. Flora do Brazil
11.VIII.1996, fl., G.S. Baracho 51 (UFP). website (Simão-Bianchini et al. 2016) treat I.
It can be easily recognized by the usually parvibracteolata as synonymous of I. setifera which
trilobed leaves, sepals with a long, caudate apex, it cited as occurring in Pernambuco Caatinga, but
hirsute at the base. Comparisons with I. indica we follow the monograph of the genus (Wood et al.
were discussed in the comments for that species. 2020) that distinguish both species. The herbarium
Pantropical in distribution, greatly aided specimens misidentified as I. setifera are actually
by human dispersal (Wood et al. 2020). Found I. parvibracteolata.
throughout the Brazil in all phytogeographical Endemic to Brazil, apparently only found
domains (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, near the
updated). In Pernambuco state it is found in São Francisco River, growing on sandy soils in
Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains. the Caatinga domain (Wood et al. 2020; Simão-
Bianchini et al., continuously updated).
28. Ipomoea parasitica G.Don, Gen. Hist. iv. 275
(1838). 30. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br., Observ. Congo
Convolvulus parasiticus Kunth (1819: 163). 58 (1818).
Type: VENEZUELA. Caracas. Humboldt & Convolvulus pes-caprae L. (1753: 159).
Bonpland 660 (holotype: P00670753). Type: INDIA. collector unknown LINN 218.59.
Fig. 4c-d Fig. 4e
Selected material: Bezerros, 9.XI.2015, fl. & fr., G. Selected material: Fernando de Noronha, 1.VI.1993, fl.,
Staples 1713 (PEUFR). Goiana, 1985, fl., R. Pereira A.M. Miranda 847 (PEUFR). Goiana, 24.XI.2013, fl.,
s.n. (IPA49834). Serra Talhada, 6.VI.1997, fl. & fr., L.R. Silva 377 (HST). Recife, 9.XI.1996, fl. & fr., M.B.
A.M. Miranda et al. 2683 (HST). Santos s.n. (UFP17620).
It differs from all other Ipomoea species in The distinction between Ipomoea pes-caprae
Pernambuco state by having usually stems with and I. asarifolia was discussed in the notes for the
fleshy spines, acute sepals sparsely puberulent latter species.
to glabrescent, without awns, a finely sericeous Widely distributed globally on tropical beaches
corolla (easily seen in buds), and peduncles (Wood et al. 2020). It is found on all Brazilian coast
recurved and thicker in the fruit, with a persistent in humid environments (Simão-Bianchini et al.,
style on the capsule. Wood et al. (2015) suggested continuously updated). In Pernambuco state, it is
that the flowers are nocturnal, but we found open restricted to beach zones, on frontal dunes, close
flowers in the morning. to the water line.
Ipomoea parasitica is known from Mexico
to Brazil, where it is found from Maranhão 31. Ipomoea philomega (Vell.) House, Ann. New
to Minas Gerais (Simão-Bianchini et al., York Acad. Sci. 18: 246 (1908).
continuously updated). An uncommon species in Convolvulus philomega Vellozo (1829: 74).
Pernambuco state that can mostly be found in the Type: [icon] Flora Fluminensis Icones 2: tab. 63.
Atlantic Forest domain, transition areas between 1831. Fig. 4f
Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, and in disturbed Selected material: Igarassu, 24.V.2008, fl., A. Melo et
areas of Caatinga. al. 358 (UFP); 7.III.2009, fl. & fr., J.D. Garcia et al. 935
(UFP). Recife, 19.VI.1950, fl., Andrade-lima 50-518 (IPA).
29. Ipomoea parvibracteolata J. R. I. Wood & L. It can be recognized by being a liana with large,
V. Vasconc. Kew Bull. 72(1)-8: 5 (2017). cordate leaves (usually wider than 20 cm); abundant
Type: BRAZIL. Bahia, Casa Nova, estrada para a white latex; many-flowered inflorescences, corolla
Fazenda Santarém, 9°24’05”S 41°22’04”W, 468 with a broad cylindrical tube, orbicular, glabrous,
m, 9 October 2004, L. P. de Queiroz et al. 9615, convex sepals, outer sepals flat with obtuse to
(holotype HUEFS88992, isotype MBM). rounded apex, longer than the 3 inner ones, usually
Selected material: Petrolina, fl., G. Fotius 3393 (HTSA, purple to pink in color.

Rodriguésia 74: e01152020. 2023

16 de 22 Buril MT et al.
It occurs from Mexico to Brazil (Wood et al. 34. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Bot. Abh.
2020). In Brazil can be found in almost all states Beobacht. 27 (1787).
in humid environments (Simão-Bianchini et al., Convolvulus purpureus Linnaeus (1762: 219).
continuously updated). In Pernambuco state, it can Type: [icon] Dillenius, Hort. Elth. 1: tab. 84 f. 97,
be found in the Atlantic Forest domain, either along 1732.
forest edges or in the forest canopy. Selected material: Gravatá, 4.IV.1995, fl., E. Inácio
21 (PEUFR).
It resembles I. indica due to the mostly soft
32. Ipomoea pintoi O’Donell Lilloa 26: 380, tab.
pubescence on the outer sepals, however the shape
12 (1953).
of their sepals are very distinct – the apex being
Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Municipio de Muritiba,
acute to acuminate in I. purpurea, and long-tapering
Fazenda Velo-Vale, May 1950, G.C.P. Pinto s.n.
acuminate in I. indica; the former species also has
(holotype not traced “herb. Inst. Agron. do Léste” sparse, long hairs at the base of the outer sepals.
now in ALCB?; isotype LIL, LIL001278). Widely distributed as a cultivated species but
Fig. 4g native in America and abundant in dry areas of the
Selected material: Buíque, 8.VIII.2012, fl. & fr., G.C. Andes and Mexico (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it
Delgado-Júnior 400 (UFP, HST). Pesqueira, 2.VIII.1979,
is found in almost all states and phytogeographical
fl., Andrade-Lima et al. 79-9442 (IPA).
domains (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously
In Pernambuco state, it is the only climber updated). In Pernambuco state, it can be found in
with elliptic to oblanceolate leaves. Also distinctive the Atlantic Forest, but is not a common species,
are the many-flowered inflorescences, borne on a and is probably introduced.
short peduncle, the completely glabrous convex
sepals, the outer slightly shorter than the inner ones. 35. Ipomoea quamoclit Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 159
It is endemic to the Caatinga region of (-160) (1753).
Brazil (Wood et al. 2020; Simão-Bianchini et al., Type: INDIA. Herb. Clifford 66, ‘Ipomoea 1’
continuously updated). In Pernambuco state, it is (lectotype BM, BM000558077). Fig. 4i
found on rock outcrops and on sandy soils. Selected material: Escada, 10.VI.1967, fl., I. Pontual 546
(PEUFR). Igarassu, 28.VII.2007, fl., N.A. Albuquerque
et al. 408 (IPA). São Lourenço da Mata, 23.II.1931, fl.
33. Ipomoea pterocaulis J. R. I. Wood & L. V.
& fr., B. Pickel 2534 (IPA).
Vasconc. Kew Bull. 72(1)-8: 8 (2017).
It can be easily identified by having pinnate
Type: BRAZIL, Bahia, Morro do Chapéu, c. 1 leaves and red, hipocrateriform corollas with
km após Lagoinha na Estrada para Cafarnaum, exserted stamens and style.
11°41’01”S 41°20’11”W, 902 m, L. P. de Queiroz, It is native to the American tropics and
J. R. I. Wood & H. Huaylla 15957 (holotype distributed globally as a cultivated species (Wood
HUEFS 209791; isotypes K, OXF). et al. 2020). In Brazil it is widely distributed in
Selected material: Taquaritinga do Norte, 17.VIII.2017, all areas and vegetation (Simão-Bianchini et al.,
fl., S.C. Nepomuceno 38 (PEUFR). Gravatá, 26.IX.2017, continuously updated). In Pernambuco state, it
fl., S.C. Nepomuceno 59 (PEUFR). grows in disturbed areas and in gardens.
Ipomoea pterocaulis can be easily recognized
by its winged and glabrous stems, coriaceous 36. Ipomoea ramosissima Choisy, Prodr. [A. P. de
sepals, and seeds glabrous with long white hairs Candolle] 9: 377 (1845).
restrict to the margins. Flora do Brazil website Convolvulus ramosissimus Poiret (1814: 468).
(Simão-Bianchini et al. 2016) treat I. pterocaulis as Type: PERU. Huánuco, Ruiz & Pavon s.n.,
a synonym of I. chondrosepala and cited that this lectotype: (MA; isolectotypes: F, MA, OXF).
latter as occurring in Pernambuco, but we follow Selected material: Fernando de Noronha, 9.VI.1999, fl.,
the monograph of the genus (Wood et al. 2020) that A.M. Miranda 3466 (HST, UFRN). Triunfo, 8.VI.1997,
fl., A. M. Miranda 2711 (UFP, HST).
distinguishes the two species.
It resembles I. grandifolia due to its small
Endemic to Brazil, it is apparently found
corolla (shorter than 3 cm) and convex (boat-
only in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas
shaped) sepals but it can be recognized by having
Gerais and São Paulo on sandy soils in the Caatinga outer sepals obovate to oblong-elliptical (vs.
and Cerrado domain (Wood et al. 2020; Simão- lanceolate-acuminate in I. grandifolia), shorter than
Bianchini et al., continuously updated). the inner ones (mostly subequal).

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Ipomoea from Pernambuco 17 de 22

Known from Mexico to Argentina (Wood Ipomoea sericophylla is endemic to Brazil,

et al. 2020) and widely distributed in Brazil found in Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest
(Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated) but domains; in Pernambuco it was found in Caatinga
uncommon in Pernambuco state, from where there are area (Wood et al. 2020; Simão-Bianchini et al.,
records from both Caatinga and Atlantic Forest areas. continuously updated).

37. Ipomoea rosea Choisy Prodr. [A. P. de 40. Ipomoea sericosepala J.R.I. Wood. & R.W.
Candolle] 9: 384 (1845). Scotland Kew Bull. 70(3)-31: 21 (2015).
Type: BRAZIL. Piauí, Martius ‘103’ (holotype: M, Turbina cordata (Choisy) D.F. Austin & Staples
M0184974). Fig. 5a (1983: 64).
Selected material: Buíque, 9.V.2015, fl. & fr., G.C. Rivea cordata Choisy (1845: 326).
Delgado Junior 814 (PEUFR). Custódia, 16.IV.2011, fl., Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, São Francisco prope
F.F.S. Silva 357 (HVASF). Salgueiro, 31.III.2015, fl. & Salgado, Martius s.n. lectotype (M0184947).
fr., J.L. Costa-Lima 1095 (HUEFS).
Fig. 5c
Ipomoea rosea can be recognized by having Selected material: Buíque, 28.XI.1996, fl., M. Miranda
consistently trifoliolate leaves, fleshy sepals with et al. 2485 (HST). São Caetano, 30.V.2010, fl., K.
tooth-like appendages, and large, funnelform Mendes 480 (UFP 70328). Serra Talhada, 2.VI.1995, fl.
corollas. & fr., M.L. Gomes 72 (IPA).
Endemic to Brazil, restricted to the northeastern It can be distinguished by having a liana
region (Wood et al. 2020; Simão-Bianchini et al., habit, leaves sericeous or tomentose underneath,
continuously updated). Most frequently found in many-flowered panicles of showy, pink flowers,
Caatinga vegetation, but there are some records buds sericeous, and unequal, oblong-elliptic sepals
from transition zones in Pernambuco state. that are sericeous on the outer surface. The fruits
are indehiscent rather than valvate capsules.
38. Ipomoea rubens Choisy Mém. Soc. Phys. Widely distributed throughout Brazil and
Genève 6: 463 (1833). in Bolivia (Wood et al. 2020; Simão-Bianchini et
Type: BANGLADESH. Sylhet, Wallich Cat. al., continuously updated). In Pernambuco state,
1421. lectotype (G00227258; isolectotypes G-DC, I. sericosepala occurs only on sandy soils in the
K-W). Fig. 5b Caatinga domain.
Selected material: Cabrobó, 12.IV.2017, fl., F.D.S. Santos
549 (PEUFR); Petrolina, 22.V.2002, fl., F.C.R. Costa 2101
41. Ipomoea setosa Ker Gawler Bot. Reg. 4: t.
(HTSA); 30.V.2011, fl., J.V.A. Ferreira 53 (HUEFS).
335 (1818).
It can be distinguished by having consistently
Type: [icon] in Bot. Reg. 4: pl. 335, 1818. Fig. 5d
cordate leaves, pubescent on both sides, sepals Selected material: Buíque, 19.VI.2006, fl., R. Pereira
equal, ovate to elliptic, pubescent with long- 2702 (HUEFS). Caruaru, 4.VI.1992, fl., A.M. Miranda
spreading hairs, and fine pubescence on the 482 (PEUFR). São Lourenço da Mata, 13.II.1977, fl. &
midpetaline bands (most obvious in buds). fr., I. Pontual 1482 (PEUFR).
Globally distributed in freshwater habitats It can be distinguished from other Ipomoea
(Wood et al. 2020). In the Americas, it ranges from species in Pernambuco state, due to its hispid, bristly,
Mexico southward to Argentina. In Pernambuco blackish trichomes in all axils, outer sepals glabrous,
state, it is only found along the São Francisco River and lobed leaves with irregularly dentate margins.
in the Caatinga domain. Distributed from Mexico to South America
(Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil it is distributed
39. Ipomoea sericophylla Meisn. Fl. bras. along the coast from Piauí to Santa Catarina
(Martius) 7: 260 (1869). (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated).
Type: BRASIL. Minas Gerais, P. Clausen 289 In Pernambuco state, it is usually found in the
(lectotype BR, BR00005837199; isolectotypes Atlantic Forest and transition zones, growing on
BR, NY, K, S) rocky outcrops. There are some records in Caatinga
Selected material: Tapera, IX.1933, fl., B.J. Pickel vegetation, where it grows on sandy soils.
3037 (NY, P).
Ipomoea sericophylla is recognized by its 42. Ipomoea sidifolia Schrad., Gött. Gel. Anz.
short, compact cymes with persistent filiform 1821(2): 719 (1821).
bracteoles, glands absent on sepals and acute, not Ipomoea tubata Nees (1821: 301)
mucronate, tomentose sepals. Type: BRAZIL. Prince Wied 49 (isotype GOET).

Rodriguésia 74: e01152020. 2023

18 de 22 Buril MT et al.

a b c

d e f

g h i

Figure 5 – a. Ipomoea rosea - sepals with tooth-like appendages. b. Ipomoea rubens – corolla. c. Ipomoea sericosepala
– flower. d. Ipomoea setosa – dried fruit and stems with blackish hairs. e. Ipomoea brasiliana var. subincana – sepals.
f. Ipomoea subrevoluta – corolla. g. Ipomoea tenera – flower. h. Ipomoea tiliacea – flower. i. Ipomoea violacea -
rounded sepals. Photos LASI.
Rodriguésia 74: e01152020. 2023
Ipomoea from Pernambuco 19 de 22

Selected material: Sanharó 5.V.1966, fl., Andrade-Lima Selected material: Cabrobó, 12.IV.2017, fl., F.D.S.
66-4538 (IPA). Taquaritinga do Norte, 6.VI.1992, fl., A. M. Santos 548 (PEUFR); 15.VIII.2012, fl., M.V. Meiado 847
Miranda 492 (HST, HUEFS, INPA, UEC). Vivência, fl. & (HVASF); 16.II.2012, fl., V. Cotarelli 1321 (HVASF).
fr., 30.VII.1968, O.C. Lira 275 (IPA). It can be recognized by having compound
This species was long known as I. tubata, but leaves divided into 5 elliptic leaflets with their
the name I. sidifolia was published earlier and should margins revolute, few-flowered inflorescences,
be used for this species (Delgado-Junior et al. 2017). corolla 4-6 cm long, and sepals equal, acute, and
It can be easily recognized by its hypocrateriform glabrous.
corolla, the outer sepals often recurved or reflexed, Known from the West Indies and South
their margins often wavy-repand, with a gibbous base. America (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil, it is found
Endemic to Brazil (Wood et al. 2020; mostly in Cerrado, but also in Caatinga areas (Simão-
Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated). An Bianchini et al., continuously updated). It was found
uncommon species in Pernambuco state, growing along the margins of the São Francisco River in
along the edges of Atlantic Forest fragments. Pernambuco state.

43. Ipomoea squamosa Choisy Prodr. [A. P. de 46. Ipomoea tenera Meisn. Fl. bras. (Martius) 7:
Candolle] 9: 376 (1845). 289 (1869).
Type: BRAZIL, Para, Martius 76 (lectotype Lectotype: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Salgado, Rio
M0184961). São Francisco, August, Martius s.n. (M0184955);
Selected material: Taquaritinga do Norte, 17.VIII.2017, Maranhão, insula São Luís de Maranhão, June,
fl., S.C. Nepomuceno 40 (PEUFR). Martius ‘99’ (M0184954). Fig. 5g
It can be distinguished by having scarious Selected material: Petrolina, 11.VIII.1983, fl., G. Fotius
sepals, the outer ones conspicuously smaller than 3539 (HST, HTSA, IPA); 11.IV.2017, fl. & fr., F.D.S. Santos
the inner ones. 520 (PEUFR).
Widely distributed in the neotropics (Wood et It can easily be distinguished by having
al. 2020). In Brazil it is found in almost all areas and compound leaves with 5–7 linear to elliptic leaflets,
in all types of vegetation (Simão-Bianchini et al., and fimbriate sepals.
continuously updated). An uncommon species in Endemic to eastern Brazil (Simão-Bianchini et
Pernambuco state, represent by only one population al., continuously updated). In Pernambuco, it is only
in Taquaritinga do Norte. found near the city of Petrolina (Caatinga domain) in
disturbed and usually swampy areas.
44. Ipomoea subalata Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 9: 157 (1911). 47. Ipomoea tiliacea Choisy, Prodr. [A. P. de
Type: PARAGUAY. San Luis, K. Fiebrig 4485 Candolle] 9: 375 (1845).
(holotype G, G00175183; isotype G, G001751820) Convolvulus tiliaceus Willdenow (1809: 203).
Selected material: Buíque, Sítio Breu, 1.VI.2012, fl., G.C. Type: BRAZIL. Hoffmannsegg s.n. (holotype:
Delgado-Júnior et al. 364 (UFP). Buíque, Trilha das torres, B-W03691-01). Fig. 5h
11.VI.2009, fl., M.T. Buril et al. 382 (UFP). Ibimirim, Selected material: Garanhuns, XI.1929, fl., B. Pickel
23.VII.1994, fl., A.M. Miranda et al. 1946 (HST). 2180 (IPA, UFP). Maraial, 8.XI.1996, fl. & fr., J. A.
Ipomoea subalata can be recognized by the Siqueira-Filho 372 (HVASF, UFP). São Lourenço da Mata,
very large pubescent corolla (usually 9–10 cm long), 27.X.2004, fl., A. Rodrigues et al. 30 (IPA, UFP).
the usually winged stems and the leaves puberulent It is characterized by its climbing habit, flat
adaxially. sepals with one raised vein, and one outer sepal
It occurs in humid and dry environments of smaller than the others.
Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. In Brazil is found in Distributed from Mexico to South America
Caatinga (rocky outcrops) and Atlantic Forest areas of (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil is found mostly in
Bahia, Maranhão and Pernambuco states (Wood et al. humid and swamp environments (Simão-Bianchini
2020; Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously updated). et al., continuously updated). In Pernambuco state it
is usually found along the edges of Atlantic Forests,
45. Ipomoea subrevoluta Choisy Prodr. [A. P. de often in disturbed areas.
Candolle] 9: 386 (1845).
Type: GUYANA. Demerara, Berbice, C.S. Parker 48. Ipomoea violacea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 161 (1753).
269 (holotype: CGE, CGE14419; isotypes K, Type: [icon] Plumier, Codex Boerhaavianus, tab.
K000612842, K000612843). Fig. 5f sub. no. 851. Fig. 5i

Rodriguésia 74: e01152020. 2023

20 de 22 Buril MT et al.
Selected material: Igarassu, 10.XI.2015, fl. & fr., Ascherson PFA & Schweinfurth GA (1867) Beitrag zur
G. Staples 1715 (PEUFR); Fernando de Noronha, Flora Aethiopiens, 277.
1.VI.1993, fl. & fr., A.M. Miranda et al. 842 (ALCB, Austin DF (1977) Ipomoea carnea Jacq. vs. Ipomoea
HST, HUEFS, PEUFR). fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy. Taxon 26: 235-38.
Ipomoea violacea is similar to I. alba in Austin DF (1978) The Ipomoea batatas Complex-I.
the large, hypocrateriform, white to pale yellow Taxonomy. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
corollas. It can be distinguished by having odorless 105: 114-129.
flowers, rounded sepals without awns, stems Austin DF & Staples GW (1983) Additions and changes
smooth and angular, and without fleshy spines. in the Neotropical Convolvulaceae. Notes on
Merremia, Operculina, and Turbina. Journal of the
Distributed along tropical and subtropical
Arnold Arboretum 64: 483-489.
coasts (Wood et al. 2020). In Brazil, it had been
Austin DF (1986) Nomenclature of the Ipomoea nil
known only from the Fernando de Noronha Complex (Convolvulaceae). Taxon 35: 355-358.
archipelago (Simão-Bianchini et al., continuously Austin DF & Huáman Z (1996) A Synopsis of Ipomoea
updated). We recently collected it on an ocean- (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
facing sandbank in Pernambuco state, and later Austin DF, Staples GW & Simão-Bianchini R (2015)
found two records (ALCB) from Bahia state. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the
Americas: Further corrections, changes, and
Cultivated species additions. Taxon 64: 625-633.
1. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (1793: 465) is Simão-Bianchini R, Ferreira PPA & Vasconcelos LV
widely cultivated globally; Highly polymorphic, (continuously updated) Ipomoea. In Flora do Brasil.
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
with leaves varying from entire to 3-lobate, and
Brown R (1818) Narrative of an expedition to explore
sepals frequently ciliate or rarely pubescent. It is the River Zaire. J. Murray, London. 499p.
classified in the section batatas, together with I. Buril MT & Alves M (2011) Flora da Usina São
grandifolia and I. tiliacea. Can be recognized by José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Convolvulaceae.
having sepals convex (boat-shaped) with 3–5 raised Rodriguésia 62: 93-105.
veins, and corolla ca. 4–7cm long. Choisy JD (1834) Convolvulaceae orientales. Mémoires
2. Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook. (1834: pl. de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de
3315) was described from cultivation in England Genève 6: 383-502.
and is of unknown wild origin. In Brazil, it is Choisy JD (1837) Convolvulaceis Dissertatio Secunda.
found mostly in cultivation. Can be compared to Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire
Naturelle de Genève 8: 43–82.
other species with red, hipocrateriform corollas
Choisy JD (1844) Note sur les Convolvulacées du Brésil
(I. hederifolia, I. longistaminea, and I. quamoclit
et sur le Marcellia, genre noveau de cette famille.
Linnaeus). Can be easily distinguished by being Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire
the only species with leaves 5–7-lobate, undulate Naturelle de Genève 10: 439-444.
margins, and a large, deep red corolla. Choisy JD (1845) Convolvulaceae In: Candolle ALPP
de (ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni
Acknowledgements Vegetabilis 9. Fortin Masson, Paris. Pp. 323-465.
We t h a n k t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s t h a t Dammer U (1897) Convolvulaceae. In: Urban, I. (Ed.)
Plantae novae americanae imprimis Glaziovianae I.
funded our research, including Coordenação
Botanische Jahrbucher Systematic 23: 36-42.
de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Delgado-Junior GC, Buril MT & Alves M (2014)
Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Convolvulaceae do Parque Nacional do Catimbau,
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Pernambuco, Brazil. Rodriguésia 65: 425-442.
(CNPq). We also thank the curators of the following Delgado-Junior GC, Athiê-Souza SM & Buril MT
herbaria for facilitating access to their collections: (2017) Nomenclatural updates in Ipomoea
HST, HUFES, HVASF, IPA, PEUFR, and UFP. We (Convolvulaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 36:1-4.
also thank Joel Queiroz and Fabio Espírito-Santo Don G (1838) Convolvulaceae. In: Rivington JG
for the photographic documentation. & Rivington F (eds.) A general history of the
Dichlamydeous plants 4. Forgotten Books, London.
Pp 252-306.
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Area Editor: Dr. Héctor Keller

Received in March 29, 2021. Accepted in October 26, 2022.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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