 PHY 551 MJ : Solid State Physics (Credits-04)

Module-1 Crystal Structure and Band Theory of Solids

a.Introduction to Crystal structures, b. Reciprocal Space & Brag, c. Diffraction, d. Brillouin Zone,
e. Atomic form factor (scattering factor), f. Geometrical structure factor, g. Structure factor
calculations for SC, BCC, FCC structure, h. Nearly free electron model, i. Motion of electron in 1-D
according to band theory, j. Bloch theorem, k . KronigPenney model, l. Variation of Energy, m.
Velocity and effective mass of electron, n. Tight binding approximation, o. Band structure,
Numerical

Module-2 Magnetism

1.Theory of diamagnetism and magnetic susceptibility using classical approach,2.Langevin theory of

Paramagnetism, 3. Quantum theory of Paramagnetism, 4. Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction
electron, 5.Hund’s Rule and Magnetic properties of rare earth ions & iron group ions with graphical
representation,6. Crystal field splitting, 7.quenching of orbital angular momentum, 8.Wiess
molecular theory, 9.Curie point,10. ferromagnetic domains,11. Anisotropy energy, 12.Bloch wall.
13. Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism, Numerical

Module-3 Dielectric & Ferroelectrics

1.Electric Polarization, 2.Macroscopic and local electric field, 3.Dielectric Constant and Polarizability,
4.Classical Theory of Electronic Polarizability, 5.Debye Relaxation, 6.Clausius – Mossotti relation,
7.Ferroelectricity,8. structural phase transitions, 9.ferroelectric crystals,10. Dielectric behaviour in
BaTiO3, 11. Piezoelectricity, Numerical

Module-4 Superconductivity

1.Properties of Superconductors: Meissner effect, Heat capacity ,Energy gap, Isotope effect; 2. Type
I and II superconductors; 3.Superconductor as perfect diamagnet,4. Thermodynamics of

superconductivity; 5. London equation and London penetration depth; 6. BCS theory: Electgron-
Electron interaction via Phonon, Cooper Pair, 7. Bose-Einstein Condensate, 8. High temperature
superconductor e.g. YBa2Cu3O7.9. Qualitative discussion of Josephson superconductor tunnelling,
Numerical.

 PHY 552 MJ : Electrodynamics (Credits-02)

Module-1 Multipole Expansions and Inhomogeneous Wave Equations

1.Multipole expansions for a localized charge distribution in free space, 2. linear quadrapole
potential and field, 3. Time dependent fields, 4.Faraday’s law for stationary and moving media, 5.
Maxwell’s displacement current, 6. Differential and integral forms of Maxwell’s equations. 7.
Inhomogeneous wave equations, 8. Lorentz’s and Coulomb’s gauges, 9. Gauge transformations, 10.
Wave equations in terms of electromagnetic potentials, 11. D’Alembertian operator, 12. Hertz
potential. (Ref: 1-4, 10)

Module-2 Relativistic Mechanics and Covariance

1.Experimental basis for special theory of relativity (Michelson – Morley experiment), 2. Lorentz
transformations, 3. Relativistic velocity addition, 4. Minkowski’s space time diagram, 5. Four vector
potential, 6. electromagnetic field tensor, 7. Lorentz force on a charged particle.
  PHY 553 MJ : Atomic and Molecular Physics (Credits-02)

Module-1 Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy

Revision of atomic models, Quantum number, Hunds rule, Lande gfactor, Gyrometric ratio, Zeeman
effect- Normal and Anomalous,

Paschen- Back effect, Stark effect.

Molecule and Molecular Orbital method, Molecular Spectra –

Rotational spectra of molecule and vibrational energy of diatomic

molecules, Vibrational course structure, Frank – Condon principle,

Dissociation, rotational fine structure of electronic vibration

transitions.

Module-2 Spectroscopic Techniques

(a) ESR-Principles of ESR, ESR spectrometer, Hyperfine structure,

Application of ESR

(b) NMR-Nuclear Magnetron and resonance condition, NMR

instrumentation, chemical shift, applications of NMR.

(c) Microwave Spectroscopy: microwave spectrometer and its

applications

(d) IR and FTIR spectroscopy: Principle, IR spectrophotometer and its

Applications

(e) Raman spectroscopy: Theory of Raman scattering, Raman

spectrometer and its Applications.

 PHY 554 MJ : Basic Electronics (Credits-02)

Module-1 Semiconductor Devices and its Applications

1.1 SCR: Construction, working, Characteristics and applications as

half wave and full wave rectifier

1.2 DIAC and TRIAC: Construction, working, characteristics and

application as fan regulator

1.3 IC 723 Voltage Regulator: Block diagram and applications of IC

723 as Low and High voltage regulator.

1.4 DC-DC Converter and SMPS: Concept and Applications.

Module-2 Special Function ICs and their Applications

2.1 Operational Amplifier: Function generator using two OPAMPS

with variable controls, Multivibrators using OPAMPs, Precision

rectifiers, Instrumentation amplifier using three OPAMPSs.

2.2 Timer IC 555: Applications as PAM, PWM, FM and FSK generator.

2.3 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (IC566): Block diagram and working.

2.4 Phase Locked Loop (IC565): Block diagram, working and

applications as detector

 PHY 555 MJP : Basic Physics Laboratory-II (BPL-II) credit 4

List of Major Core Experiments (Any-15) :

1. To measure magnetic susceptibility of given material by Gouy’s method.

2. To study Zeeman effect
3. To determine the magnetic susceptibility of FeCl3 solution for various molar concentration.
4. To determine the specific heat of Copper, Lead and glass at different temperatures
5. To study I-V characteristics of a CdS photoresistor at constant irradiance and to measure the
photocurrent as a function of irradiance at constant voltage.
6. To study transmission of electromagnetic waves in a conductive medium at low frequency to find
skin
depth in Al.
7. To study the Electron Spin Resonance and determine Lande’s g-factor
8. To determine the bond length of diatomic molecules by studying rotational or vibrational spectra.
9. To determine the resistivity of Ge by using four probe method.
10. To determine Hall Coefficient of semiconductor and estimation of its charge carrier
concentration
11. Study of Dielectric Constant and Measure Curie Temperature of Ferroelectric Ceramics by
temperature & P-E loop method.
12. To construct a Colpitt oscillator and use it to measure the dielectric constants of liquids Study of
Diode
Pump Staircase generator using UJT.
13. To determine the Planck’s constant using Photo cell (Photoelectric Effect)
14. To design and built Function Generator using IC-8038
15. To determine the transition capacitance of a Varactor diode and use it as a Variable Capacitor.
16. To determine charge concentration, conductivity of Ge-semiconductor using Hall Effect
17. To determine specific heat of graphite
18. 8-bit ADC
19. Precision Rectifier
20. Active Filters using Op-Amp (L-P, H-P. Notch type)
21. Feedback Power supply
22. Opto-coupler using Op-Amp and IC MCT-2E
23. PLL application using IC 565
24. To study Multivibrators using Op-Amp / IC 555
25. To study of Phase shift oscillator
26. DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter) using R-2R and Binary ladder
27. Build three bit Adder and Subtractor using Gates
28. Build Mod Counters using 7490
29. Study of Digital Storage Oscilloscope
Study tour: Participate study tour (Industry/ Organization/ Research Institute/ Research
organization/ Small scale industry/ University Department) with study tour report equivalent to 3-
experiments.

 PHY 564 MJ (Elective): Laser Physics

Module-1 Basic Principle of Lasers and its properties

Basic Principle : Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, Properties
of Laser, Metastable state, Gain, Absorption coefficient, Einstein’s coefficient Pumping methods :
Pumping mechanisms (Two, Three and Four), Threshold pump power, g-parameters of laser cavity,
stability curve, Gaussian beam and their properties. Line broadening mechanisms. Measurements of
laser power, energy, wavelength, frequency, line width.

Module-2 Types of Lasers and its Applications

Principle, Construction, Energy level diagram and working : Solid State, Gas, Liquid, and
Semiconductor Lasers with examples

 Experimental List: (Minimum-8) (2 Credits)

1) To determine wavelength of He-Ne laser using grating element.

2) To determine wavelength of He-Ne laser using measuring scale.

3) To determine spot size of laser using knife edge.

4) To determine divergence of laser beam.

5) To determine energy and power of laser beam.

6) To determine diameter of wire using laser.

7) To measure contamination in liquid sample using laser beam.

8) Use of laser in optical fiber communication