MINI PROJECT 2

ON

THE IMPACT ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN

TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND THE ISSUES & CHALLENGES

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

DEGREE OF

MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(2022-2024)

SUBMITTED BY- SUBMITTED TO-

SAURABH KESHRI MR. AKSHAY PETER
MBA 1ST SEC- D SEM II (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

ROLL NO. 2200110700188 UNITED INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

STUDENT ID. 13220110

UNITED INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT NAINI,

USIDC, INDUSTRIAL AREA NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ

1|Page
 UNITED INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
A-31 UPSIDC Industrial Area, Naini, Prayagraj – 211010
Ph. 0532-2686070. 2686090 Fax 0532-2687147

Certificate
Mini Project Report - 2021-2022
This is to certify that Mr./Ms.....Saurabh Keshri...............................,

Roll No..2200110700188..student of MBA 1st Semester of our institute has prepared a report
on

Concept/Title.........THE IMPACT ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN

TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND THE ISSUES & CHALLENGES.................,

He has worked on identifying the issues and challenges as well as the application of emerging
technologies in the above industry under my supervision and has completed the same in
conformance with /partial fulfillment of the provisions of AKTU, Lucknow.

The work is original and has not been submitted anywhere else is any manner.

Signature...........................................

Name Mr./Ms./Dr.............................

Project guide Department of

Business Administration

Date........................

Counter Signed

Signature...........................................

(Prof. K.K Malviya) Principal

Date...........................

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a matter of great pleasure to thanks all esteemed who helped me to

complete my final research project successfully otherwise it would not been
possible.

Acknowledgement is not only a ritual but also an expression of indebtedness to

all those who have helped in the completion process of the project. One of the
most pleasant aspects in collecting the necessary and vital information and
compiling it is the opportunity to thanks all those whose activity contributed to
it.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and thanks To PROF. KK.

MALVIYA (PRINCIPAL UIM), DR. ROHIT KUMAR VISHWAKARMA
(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT, UIM) and MR. PRIYATOSH MISHRA
(ASST. PROFESSOR & CLASS COORDINATOR) and project guide of the
valuable guidance and constant encouragement which extend to me through my
research project.

Date:

Place: Prayagraj

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project entitled "TEXTILE INDUSTRY" which is

being submitted as Mini Project of 1st semester in UNITED INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ (U.P) is an authentic record of our
genuine work done under the guidance of Mr. Akshay Peter (subject
coordinator).

Date:
Place: Prayagraj

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 INDEX

CHAPTER TITLE

1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Review of Literature
4. Overview of Textile Industry
5. Issues & Challenges of Textile Industry
6. Impact of technologies to resolve issues
7. Suggestive Strategies
8. Learning Outcomes
9. Recommendation
10. Bibliography

Chapter - 1
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 INTRODUCTION

6|Page
 Introduction

The Textile Industry is a major foreign exchange earner of the Country. It earns more than
35% of the total exports revenue made in our country. The Textile Industry occupies a very
important place in the Indian economy. In the human life Apparel has created a vital place
from the ancient time to till modern era of globalization around the world. The textile market
also called as global market because of its vital shares. The textile industry is one of the
traditional industries in the world starting from 3000BC. Textile products production became
the second large scale economic industry providing considerable employment which is just
next to agriculture industry.
Textile products and textile machineries industries are vital parts of the world economy,
providing employment to tens of millions of both men and women workers in all over more
than two hundred countries. The world textile industry is on continual institutional changes
every day due to globalization and heavy competition. The Government will devise suitable
measures to facilitate that the Textile Industry grows at the rate of 18% per annum. The
Government will also take efforts to address the labour force will be generated by creating
new infrastructure and also by strengthening the existing ones. China, India, Pakistan and
Vietnam are the traditional giants in the manufacturing of textile products and machineries
and they are always having competition with each other. Even though the textile industries
plants are located throughout the world, China is dominating the entire scene with respect to
textiles products and machineries. India is one of the world's largest manufacturers and
exporter of textiles products and it has invested in more spinning and weaving equipment
second to china. The main factor which is contributed to lagging in the cotton textile industry
throughout the world is outdated technology of machineries and getting skilled labours when
compared to positive growth factors like ecological friendly, good biodegradable character of
cotton, better versatility, and export capability, creation of employment for people by it in
industrial and agricultural sectors.

II. Indian textile industry

India's textiles sector is one of the mainstays of the national economy. It is also one of the
largest contributing sectors of India's exports contributing 11 per cent to the country's total
exports basket. The textiles industry is labour intensive and is one of the largest employers.
The Indian textiles industry, currently estimated at around US $108 billion, is expected to
reach US $ 141 billion by 2021. The industry is the second largest employer after agriculture,
providing direct employment to over 45 million and 60 million people indirectly. The Indian
Textile Industry contributes approximately 5 per cent to GDP, and 14 per cent to overall
Index of Industrial Production (IP). The Indian government has come up with a number of
export promotion policies for the textiles sector. It has also allowed 100 per cent FDI in the
Indian textiles sector under the automatic route. Cotton prices have stabilized and the steep
decline in the prices of crude oil has made synthetic fibers more affordable. The efforts of our
exporters to diversify into new markets in the context of the demand recession in our
traditional markets in recent years have started showing positive results. The recent measures
taken by government to reduce interest rates and liberalize labour laws and the industry
friendly bills that are expected to be passed in the parliament would help to augment
investment in the manufacturing sector including in the textiles industry. At the State level
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also, industry-friendly textile policies have been announced by the States with substantial
textile production, creating a competitive investment climate. The textiles sector is the second
largest provider of employment after agriculture. Thus, growth and all round development of
this industry has a direct bearing on the improvement of the India's economy. The
fundamental strength of this industry flows from its strong production base of wide range of
fibers / yarns from natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk and wool to synthetic /man-made fibers
like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic. In India, the textile industry is the single largest
industry with 50 lakhs peoples are employed directly or indirectly with respect to 1800 textile
mills located in different parts of India

The lack of research and development (R and D) in the many especially in cotton sector of
Bangladesh has resulted in low quality of cotton in comparison to rest of Asia. Because of the
subsequent low profitability in cotton crops, farmers are shifting to other cash crops, such as
sugar cane. It is the lack of proper R and D that has led to such astate. They further accuse
cartels, especially the pesticide sector, for hindering proper R and D. The pesticide sector
stands to benefit from stunting local R and D as higher yield cotton is more pesticide
resistant. Moreover, critics argue that the textile industry has obsolete equipment and
machinery. The inability to timely modernize the equipment and machinery has led to the
decline of India textile competitiveness. Due to obsolete technology the cost of production is
higher in India as compared to and china. Introduction of minimum tax on domestic sales
would invite unavoidable liquidity problem, which is already reached to the alarming level.
Also the textile industry was facing negative generation of funds due to unaffordable markup
rate on the one hand and acute shortage of energy supply and unimaginable power tariff for
industry. The cost of production of textile rises due to many reasons like increasing interest
rate, double digit inflation and decreasing value of Indian rupee. The above all reason
increased the cost of production of textile industry which create problem for a textile industry
to compete in international market. High cost of doing business is because of intensive
increase in the rate of interest which has increased the problems of the industry.

Many joint meeting of organization were held at different times to formulate a joint strategy
to address the alarming electricity crisis being faced by the textile industry. The meeting
unanimously decided to constitute a joint working group of electricity management for the
textile industry in the larger interests of the value chain of the textile industry. The joint
working group will meet shortly to design a detailed plan to pursue the following goals;
immediate total exemption from Electricity load shedding for the textile industry value chain;
Rationalization and reduction of electricity tariff. The load-shedding of electricity cause a
rapid decrease in production which also reduced the export order. The cost of production has
risen due to instant increase in electricity tariff. Due to load shedding some mill owner uses
alternative source of energy like generator which increase their cost of production further.
Due to such dramatic situation the capability of competitiveness of this industry in
international market effected badly. Indian textile industry is facing problem of Low
productivity due to its obsolete textile machineries. To overcome this problem and to stand in
competition, Indian Textile Industry will require high investments. There is a continuous
trend of investing in spinning since many years.

The Indian textiles sector has been one of the worst hit sectors due to the COVID-19 crisis. In
the context of its socio-economic primacy for the Indian economy, which is second only to

8|Page
agriculture, the industry must be given sufficient attention in academic and policy circles.
This perspective is an earnest attempt at filling the void in scholarship on the issue of
linkages between the Indian textiles sector and the COVID-19 crisis. The unprecedented
crisis in the form of COVID-19 flu pandemic has threatened to derail the socioeconomic life
of people globally. In the current context, this article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on
the globalized Indian textiles sector, given the primacy of the same with regard to social and
economic realms of the country. The study employs the method of assessing the impact of
crisis from both demand and supply sides, which in turn generates a combined impact. It is
found that the crisis has manifold implications for this vital industry. Be it from the angle of
consumer demand or production networks, the calamity has made its presence felt across
different processes of the sector. Given the multiplicity and depth of these influences, it
becomes imperative for the stakeholders, namely government, industry and the citizens to
evolve innovative and valuable measures to contain the negative fallout from the crisis on this
vital business. Failure to do so could imperil scores of jobs and livelihoods and impede
economic growth. While the exact impact and combative strategies may be dynamic and
evolutionary as and when the crisis unfolds, the study pieces together diverse aspects of the
fallout of COVID-19. The analysis emphasizes on the need to think out of the box' for
tackling this unprecedented crisis. Some of the probable solutions to tackle the crisis could be
relaxation of tax compliance deadlines and rules, especially for the lower economic strata, so
that consumer demand conditions do not deteriorate precipitously. Also, a more
comprehensive financial package than the ones already announced (read: Atmanirbhar Bharat
Abhiyan), factoring in labour and export-intensive sectors of the likes of textiles, could be
announced to stem the negative fallout of the pandemic on the sector. The other major step
could be concessions to exporters against the Remission of Duties or Taxes on Export
Products scheme so that they are reimbursed for the hitherto unpaid duties and taxes.

9|Page
 CHAPTER - 2
OBJECTIVES

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 Objectives

The below mentioned are the key objectives of this project -:

1. To identify the issues and challenges of “TEXTILE INDUSTRY” in the project

report.
2. To find effective solutions to those problems and imply emerging technologies for the
betterment of the industry

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 Chapter 3
Review of Literature

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 Review of Literature
This report is based on Secondary data which have been collected from previous work done
on Airlines Industry they are mentioned below-:

1- Recent Trends and Developments in Textile Industry in India

By -: Pramod Raichurkar, M. Ramachandran

In the era of wearable computing, intelligent systems are breaking the bounds of traditional
textiles and their design. The integration of the technologies with clothing, accessories,
upholstery, or industrial technical textiles provides higher user-comfort and enables their
seamless use in everyday activities. Investment in spinning and weaving equipment are
increased very rapidly in Countries which is producing and exporting textiles. The
Government will devise suitable measures to facilitate that the Textile Industry grows at the
rate of 18% per annum. The Government will also take efforts to address the labour force will
be generated by creating new infrastructure and also by strengthening the existing ones.
Government of India is moving towards increasing productivity for increasing export growth
of textiles. Purchasing new machinery or enhancing the quality of the existing machinery and
introducing new technology can also be very useful in increasing the research and
development (R and D) related activities that in the modern era are very important for
increasing the industrial growth of a country. Some of the recent trends and developments of
Textiles business will be discussed in this article.

The Indian textiles and apparel industry is expected to grow to a size of US$ 223 billion by
2021, according to a report by Technopak Advisors. Abundant availability of raw materials
such as cotton, wool, silk and jute as well as skilled workforce have made the country a
sourcing hub. The Government of India and the Textile products manufacturing industry
should collaborate each other and should create a plan for addressing the key parameter
issues and promote the export of textile products from India with good strategies. Innovations
ideas in logistics and supply chain of products, quality control and branding of products will
be a key tool for providing sustainable growth in export textile industry products. The
organizations should provide good compensation policy and welfare schemes and for the
employees to retain them in the industry. Management, workers and all stakeholders of textile
industry should be ready to compete for sustainability in the market. There is active research
related to intelligent clothing. The applications combine electronics and information
technology with textiles. This began with military applications, but later the solutions have
been combined into leisure products and safety clothing. Finally, this paper reflects that
wholehearted joint efforts from manufacturers, buyers, suppliers, government, and other
stockholders are highly expected to accomplish the development of potential and sustainable
textile industries growth in India. The Government of India changed its direction from
increasing export growth to increase production to Educational institution strengthening and
increasing employment opportunities.

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 2- COVID-19 and the Indian Textile Sector: Issues, Challenges and
Prospects By- Kanupriva

The Indian textiles sector has been one of the worst hit sectors due to the COVID-19 crisis. In
the context of its socio-economic primacy for the Indian economy, which is second only to
agriculture, the industry must be given sufficient attention in academic and policy circles.
This perspective is an earnest attempt at filling the void in scholarship on the issue of
linkages between the Indian textiles sector and the COVID-19 crisis. The unprecedented
crisis in the form of COVID-19 flu pandemic has threatened to derail the socioeconomic life
of people globally. In the current context, this article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on
the globalized Indian textiles sector, given the primacy of the same with regard to social and
economic realms of the country. The study employs the method of assessing the impact of
crisis from both demand and supply sides, which in turn generates a combined impact. It is
found that the crisis has manifold implications for this vital industry. Be it from the angle of
consumer demand or production networks, the calamity has made its presence felt across
different processes of the sector. Given the multiplicity and depth of these influences, it
becomes imperative for the stakeholders, namely government, industry and the citizens to
evolve innovative and valuable measures to contain the negative fallout from the crisis on this
vital business. Failure to do so could imperil scores of jobs and livelihoods and impede
economic growth. While the exact impact and combative strategies may be dynamic and
evolutionary as and when the crisis unfolds, the study pieces together diverse aspects of the
fallout of COVID-19. The analysis emphasizes on the need to think 'out of the box' for
tackling this unprecedented crisis. Some of the probable solutions to tackle the crisis could be
relaxation of tax compliance deadlines and rules, especially for the lower economic strata, so
that consumer demand conditions do not deteriorate precipitously. Also, a more
comprehensive financial package than the ones already announced (read: Atmanirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan), factoring in labour and export-intensive sectors of the likes of textiles,
could be announced to stem the negative fallout of the pandemic on the sector. The other
major step could be concessions to exporters against the Remission of Duties or Taxes on
Export Products scheme so that they are reimbursed for the hitherto unpaid duties and taxes.

This study seeks to locate the Indian textiles sector within the ongoing COVID-19 crisis in a
globalized framework by discussing its sectoral linkages, repercussions and probable coping
strategies. The Indian textiles sector has been one of the worst hit sectors due to COVID-19.
Even prior to the pandemic, the industry suffered from some challenges on both demand and
supply sides. In addition, it is due to its socio-economic primacy for the Indian economy,
which is second only to agriculture, that the industry must be given a comprehensive
financial package to ameliorate its distress. Failure to do so could imperil millions of already
precarious jobs and livelihood.

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 3- Indian Textile and Garment Industry- An Overview
By Malkesh Icecreamwala

India is the world's second largest producer of textiles and garments after China. It is the
world's third largest producer of cotton after China and the USA and the second largest cotton
consumer after China. The Indian textile industry is as diverse and complex as country itself
and it combines with equal equanimity this immense diversity into a cohesive whole. The
fundamental strength of this industry flows from its strong production base of wide range of
fibres / yarns from natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk and wool to synthetic /man-made fires
like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic. The growth pattern of the Indian textile industry in
the last decade has been considerably more than the previous decades, primarily on account
of liberalization of trade and economic policies initiated by the Government in the 1990s. In
producer-driven value chains, large, usually transnational, manufacturers play the central
roles in coordinating production networks. This is typical of capital- and technology-intensive
industries such as automobiles, aircraft, computers, semiconductors and heavy machinery.
Buyer-driven value chains are those in which large retailers, marketers and branded
manufacturers play the pivotal roles in setting up decentralized production networks in a
variety of exporting countries, typically located in developing countries. This pattern of trade-
led industrialization has become common in labour-intensive, consumer-goods industries
such as garments, footwear, toys, handicrafts and consumer electronics. Large manufacturers
control the producer-driven value chains at the point of production, while marketers and
merchandisers exercise the main leverage in buyer-driven value chains at the design and
retail stages. Apparel is an ideal industry for examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value
chains. The relative ease of setting up clothing companies, coupled with the prevalence of
developed-country protectionism in this sector, has led to an unparalleled diversity of
garment exporters in the third world. Apparel is an ideal industry for examining the dynamics
of buyer-driven value chains. India is the world second largest producer of textiles and
garments after China. It is the world third largest producer of cotton Wafter China and the
USA and the second largest cotton consumer after China. The Indian textile industry is as
diverse and complex as country itself and it combines with equal equanimity this immense
diversity into a cohesive whole. The fundamental strength of this industry flows from its
strong production base of wide range of fibers / yarns from natural fiber like cotton, jute. Silk
and wool to synthetic /man-made fibers like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic. The growth
pattern of the Indian textile industry in the last decade has been considerably more than the
previous decades, primarily on account of liberalization of trade and economic policies
initiated by the Government in the 1990s. In producer-driven value chains, large, usually
transnational, manufacturers play the central roles in coordinating production networks. This
is typical of capital- and technology-intensive industries such as automobiles, aircraft,
computers, semiconductors and heavy machinery. Buyer-driven value chains are those in
which large retailers, marketers and branded manufacturers play the pivotal roles in setting up
decentralized production networks in a variety of exporting countries, typically located in
developing countries. This pattern of trade-led industrialization has become common in
labour-intensive, consumer-goods industries such as garments, footwear, toys, handicrafts

15 | P a g e
and consumer electronics. Large manufacturers control the producer-driven value chains at
the point of production, while marketers and merchandisers exercise the main leverage in
buyer-driven value chains at the design and retail stages. Apparel is an ideal industry for
examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value chains. The relative ease of setting up clothing
companies, coupled with the prevalence of developed-country protectionism in this sector,
has led to an unparalleled diversity of garment exporters in the third world. Apparel is an
ideal industry for examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value chains.

Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi and Tripura have the ability to take up small orders or large
orders at short notice. It is also able to produce the entire range of woven wear and knitwear
at low cost with reasonably good quality within specified schedules. However, Bangalore,
Mumbai, New Delhi and Tirupur are constrained by occasional delays in delivery. It also
suffers from failures to meet standards demanded by higher price niche markets and inability
to compete with China, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in the low price product segment. Non-
tariff barriers emerged along with quota phase out (on account of environmental and social
issues like child labour and personal safety norms) also affected the growth of the study
region. Its inability to reap benefits of economies of scale due to fragmented holdings is yet
another threat. At the same time, it also failed to reap the full benefits of a cluster model due
to absence of professionalism and snail pace government systems. The study region is
specializes in fashion sensitive products with large and medium volume orders. This is in line
with India’s overall garment export profile, concentrated on cotton, semi-fashion, middle
price segment. The minimum scale for efficient production in India is much lower than for
example in China or Bangladesh, and the degree of subcontracting is much higher. The
increasing dependence on agents and buying companies is a matter of serious concern. A part
of value realization would be drained into the pockets of these agents.

This part is lost from accumulating in the hands of the producers and thus leads to reduced
trickle down to the lower ends of production to the workers. Middlemen are classically
inclined to create artificial and non-price factors that would influence production processes
and costs But, in the existing conditions of high professionalism and educated entrepreneurs
in the study region, are getting emerged but buying agents and family connected business
units have become indispensable to some extent. But. there is a small section of second
generation, new, educated entrepreneurs, emerging slowly in the study region. The
government-national, state and local municipal administration-have had been very slowly to
cope with the sudden leap of Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi and Tripura into the global
garment market. The demand-supply duality even affected almost all the social inputs for life
and resulted in high cost escalation. The present export-driven prosperity made Bangalore,
Mumbai, New Delhi and Tirupur entrepreneurs to meet these costs, but deficient supply of
infrastructure and other social inputs would prevent further growth. Water scarcity is the
biggest problem in the study region. High population of vehicles and political rallies,
protesters, unions, metro construction are causing blocks in Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi
and Tripura further attempt to leap up into higher rungs in the global garment market The
general economic boom caused by woven wear and knitwear export from Bangalore,
Mumbai, New Delhi and Tripura has resulted in overall increase in cost of living. Some
observers opined that it would be higher than the cost of living in Chennai, making it similar
to the cost upshot in some tourist places like Kovalam (Kerala) and Goa, which made life of
the majority a mad struggle for survival inside an ocean of wealth and plenty. One aspect to

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be considered here is that half of the total labour force of around 5,00,000 are migrants and
do not have any permanent residence in Bangalore. Despite Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi
and Tirupur achievement in woven wear and knitwear exports over the last decades, there is
still shortage of permanent skilled workers, which indicate on one side the lack of vision with
regard to strengthening human resources, and on the other the high bargaining ability of
skilled workers in the study region. A measure of growth in the study region can be the fact
that nearly 30 per cent of India’s textile machinery orders last year came from Bangalore,
Mumbai, New Delhi and Tirupur. There are dozens firms with a turnover of over Rs. 4200
million. The biggest exporter in the cluster, Gokuldas Exports Lid, Mathura Garments,
Export overseas, Bombay Reyan. Among the 9,500 firms registered with AEPC, nearly 6500
are in the Rs. five million turnover categories, indicating the concentration of small units.
Garment making Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi and Tripura is highly professional,
educated and experienced enterprises, are reaping the benefits from the city being called as
Silicon Valley of India. Big players are reengineering the firms by investing on information
technology to reduce cost and to achieve competitive advantage. A number of mills in yarn
and fabric production sector, are moving into own value addition processes by becoming
more involved in downstream manufacturing operations such as CMT. Although most of
these mills do not directly involve in finishing operations, they are adding value to their own
products by coordinating operations with those in lower end of the production chain. This
move is evident in the case of export and domestic market production chains. The
Government of India and state governments have been actively involved in policy making for
promotion of textile and garment sector of India, spear headed by the Textiles Committee,
Ministry of Textiles, and Government of India. Given the fact of high labour intensive
character of the garment sector and the availability of cheap labour, India has been attempting
to use the quota-free international trade regime for achieving its aim to jump into higher rings
of the development ladder. This also facilitated increase in employment opportunities, mainly
for the low skilled and unskilled rural migrants. But, as usual, policy prescriptions were
rather slow till recently. The recent change in attitude and roles of agencies such as the
Textiles Committee are remarkable as it successfully transformed from its policing role of
many decades into the new promotional role, following the opportunities provided by quota-
free trade regimes

4- Introduction to special issue on sustainability and the triple bottom line

within the global clothing and textiles industry

The clothing and textiles industry accounts for approximately $2 trillion in global revenue.
Unfortunately, the industry's penchant for natural resource consumption and generation of
greenhouse gases and pollution poses remarkable threats to environmental sustainability.
Additionally, human rights issues within the production of clothing and textiles, including
forced and child labour, low wages, excessive hours of work with unpaid overtime, health
and safety hazards, and lack of worker representation for negotiations with management also
generate serious social and economic sustainability challenges.

17 | P a g e
Fortunately, current industry activity responding to the sustainability challenges suggests a
growing commitment to sustainable practices. So, while the environmental, social, and
economic consequences associated with the clothing and textiles supply chain are serious,
there are promising signs that a significant paradigm shift towards sustainability and a focus
on the triple bottom line is gaining momentum.

The objectives of the special collection are to advance knowledge related to current
sustainability challenges within the global clothing and textiles supply chain and seek new
perspectives on initiatives within the industry to advance sustainability and the triple bottom
line.

First coined by John Elkington in 1994, the triple bottom line consists of the three Ps, profit,
people, and planet, by which companies should assess their bottom lines. Profit, is the
traditional bottom line of finances within corporations. However, in addition to profit, triple
bottom line businesses also measure their performance in terms of social (people) and
environmental (planet) responsibility. Therefore, the triple bottom line is a holistic
assessment of a company's economic, social, and environmental performance over time.

The triple bottom line is of primary significance as sustainable corporations have the
capability of promoting larger societal value. That is, the triple bottom line business model
can generate greater stakeholder value as opposed to the traditional shareholder value. Above
all, the triple bottom line in the clothing and textiles supply chain is a universal method for
building economic, social, and environmental resources while fostering sustainable
livelihoods. From the production of raw materials to the disposal of clothing and textile
goods, responding to sustainability challenges throughout the supply chain requires a multi-
faceted approach. Therefore, the articles included in this special issue represent a range of
triple bottom line concepts. Two of the articles, Doty and Haar's examination of the
utilization of sawmill byproducts as a natural dye and Michel and Lee's study of the design of
clothing for the green burial movement, focus on product development/ design. In the article
"Black Walnut, Osage Orange, and Eastern Redcedar Sawmill Waste as Natural Dyes," Doty
and Haar explore triple bottom line impacts of utilizing sawmill waste as a natural dye. The
study focuses on analyzing the impacts of potassium aluminum sulfate on the dye
concentration, hue, and colorfastness to light and laundering on dyes derived from black
walnut, Osage orange, and eastern redcedar while also considering economic and social
aspects of the utilization of these materials as natural dyes. Next, in "Cloth(ing) for the Dead:
Case Study of Three Designers' Green Burial Practices" Michel and Lee contribute to the
green burial movement literature. Framed within a context of the cradle-to-cradle and eco-
effectiveness design paradigm, Michel and Lee's case study of three fashion designers
focuses on best practices in the design of green burial clothing. The study also explores
current purchase options for green burials and ideal fabrics and fibers for green burial in
terms of minimizing negative environmental after burial.

Ultimately it is the end consumer who is highly influential in advancing sustainability within
the industry, and the remaining four articles within this special issue focus on understanding
consumer behavior aspects of the triple bottom line within the clothing and textiles industry.
Lang, Armstrong, and Liu address the role of the consumer in: "Creativity and sustainable
apparel retail models: Does consumers' tendency for creative choice counter-conformity
matter in sustainability?" As part of their research, the authors present several potential

18 | P a g e
product-service retail models as a means for promoting sustainable apparel practices among
consumers. The relationship between consumers tendency for adopting differing sustainable
retail models is analyzed, including methods such as renting and swapping clothing, clothing
repair/alteration, the sale of redesigned clothing, and style consultancy services on wearing
clothing in unique fashions. The findings reveal that consumers' tendency for creative choice
counter-conformity has a positive influence on adopting the above mentioned sustainable
retail methods. Advocating for less material-concentrated consumption by increasing product
longevity, the authors report that consumers who favor creative choices in their apparel
decisions are more likely to purchase unique products redesigned from old materials.
Implications to the industry derived from the authors findings underscore the possibility of
adopting new retail market strategies in encouraging consumers' sustainable apparel
purchasing decisions.

Diddi and Niehm focus their efforts on: "Exploring the role of values and norms towards
consumers intentions to patronize retail apparel brands engaged in corporate social
responsibility (CSR)." A significant relationship between moral norms and consumers' ethical
decision making is reported; the relationship between the influence of significant others on
consumers' decision making processes is also found. Moral norms, subjective norms, and
attitudes are all significant predictors of consumers' willingness to support apparel brands
involved in CSR activities. As such, in a similar fashion to Lang et al., useful inferences exist
relevant to the TBL movement within the supply chain. For example, the authors suggest that
in positively impacting brand image, apparel brands.

5- Technological change in Indian textiles industry, 1991-2006

Textiles industry is one of the leading industries in India in terms of its contribution to
employment, output and exports. The paper surveys the technological changes in the industry
during the period since the onset of reforms in the country. Although the industry is generally
termed as a low technology one, it does employ high technology processes and machinery.
Liberalization resulted in the importation of second hand machinery and technological
changes in the domestic textile machinery sector.

The Indian textiles industry is now at the crossroads with the phasing out of the quota regime
that prevailed under the Multi-Fiber Agreement until the end of 2004. In the face of a full
integration of the textiles sector in the WTO, maintaining and enhancing productive
efficiency is a precondition for competitiveness of the Indian firms in the new liberalized
world market. In this paper, we use data obtained from the Annual Survey of Industries for a
number of years to measure the levels of technical efficiency in the Indian textiles industry at
the firm level. We use . both a grand frontier applicable to all firms and a group frontier
specific to firms from any individual state, ownership or organization type in order to
evaluate their efficiencies. This permits us to separately identify how locational, proprietary
and organizational characteristics of a firm affect its performance.

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 6- Application of e-commerce in Indian textile industry International
journal on textile engineering and processes, vol. 2 issue 2, (2016)

Electronic commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for
products and services. It also pertains to "any form of business transaction in which the
parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact." A
more complete definition is: E-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital
information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine
relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations
and individuals. Today, the market place is flooded with several e-commerce options for
shoppers to choose from. A variety of innovative products and services are being offered
spoiling customers for choice. Online shopping is no more a privilege enjoyed by your
friends and family living in the US or UK. Today, it is a reality in India. In the last couple of
years, the growth of e-commerce industry in India has been phenomenal as more shoppers
have started discovering the benefits of using this platform. There is enough scope for online
businesses in the future if they understand the Indian shopper's psyche and cater to their
needs. Diverse e-commerce applications are being implemented in the textile and apparel
supply chain. This paper includes use of e-commerce, with analyses of the use and impact of
e-commerce in textile industry in India. Benefits of e-commerce include global marketing
opportunities for products and markets.

However, a key limitation of e-commerce is the risk of channel conflict between existing
customers and new profile customers. With the continued globalization emphasis of the
textile and apparel supply chain, analyses and creative implementation of e-commerce
applications may offer unique product and market opportunities.

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 Chapter - 4
Overview of Textile Industry

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 Overview of textile Industry

The textile industry has been a major part of our economy for decades. It is a sector that
accounts for 14% of the total industrial production. The textile industry caters to one of the
most basic and regular needs of mankind. It maintains its growth by providing humanity with
improved quality of life. This industry is very incomparably self-reliant. Over the years it has
proven to be one of the heaviest contributors to a nation's economy. The textile industry has
gone through phenomenal growth in recent times. This has earned it quite an amount of
attention from foreign countries.

Textile Industry SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is a structured planning method that is used to evaluate the strength,
weakness, opportunity, and threat involved in a project or a business venture. SWOT analysis
can be carried out for a place, person, or product. A textile industry SWOT analysis will help
the proper management to know about the ins and outs of this sector.

 Strengths

Strengths are a key part of this textile industry swot analysis. This will help one to pinpoint
the strong points of their business. This will most definitely result in the improvement of the
business. Some of the strength of textile industry swot analysis is enlisted below

1. Flexible Labour Market: This sector in particular needs an abundance of manpower.

However, in Asia, the price of labour is very low. The labour rates in the textile
industry (compiled by Warner International) show that the average hourly wage rates
for Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were respectively 0.23, 0.56, 0.49, and
0.39 USD.

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 2. Worldwide Demand: Clothing articles are one of the basic human needs. Everyone
wants to have a good quality product for a cheaper price. That's where the textile
industries come in. They offer decent clothes for a reasonable price. This is the main
reason, they get many buyers.
3. Involved Industries Increasing: In modern society, many support industries are
growing. These industries form a relationship of mutualism with the textile industry.
Both parties are dependent on each other. These industries are dying, finishing,
embroidery, printing, etc.
4. Strong backward linkage facilities: This industry possesses strong backward
linkage facilities. This has proven to be a great asset on multiple occasions. This
causes this sector to improve more in its own way. Also, it provides the industry with
some much-needed support.

 Weakness
This part of the textile industry swot analysis will solely focus on the weaknesses of this
sector. These points are the ones that hold back this industry's overall growth. These are
enlisted below:

1. Lack of modern machinery: The textile industry lacks technology-oriented

machinery and production systems. If these aren't updated then they could take a
heavy toll on its production. This will later reflect in its sales and profits.
2. Unable to go with the flow: Once a steady line of the production system is in place.
It is very hard to suddenly change it to accommodate any new type of clothing article.
As a result, it lacks product diversification. It also has a very short lead time which is
not good for this line of work. It holds back the whole industry.
3. Lack of forecasting: Lack of forecasting is the main cause of production setbacks. If
an industry is unable to provide a good forecast, it often causes major issues in the
marketing sector. The quantity available does not match the assumed quantity.

 Opportunities
A textile industry swot analysis offers the best possible opportunities for the textile industry.
This will clearly show which part of the sector could be so much better with a little push.
Let's take a look at them:

1. Buyer attention on the Asian market: Many of the international buyers are being
more interested in the Asian section of the market. This may be a golden opportunity
for the Asian industries to take the market by storm. It will also be a huge turning
point for this industry in general.
2. Open costing facility for the international buyer: Many international customers
find their interest in this field being renewed by the open costing facility. This gives
them a huge advantage to draw more buyers in.
3. Government and non-government training programs: There are a lot of people
who work in this field. Even though they have curiosity, they often lack the skills that

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 are needed. So, these government and non-government training programs can help
them to enhance their skill-set. This provides the chance of improvement to this
sector.

 Threats
Any swot analysis that has helped the business in any way has a stunning compilation of the
factors that pose threats to it. A textile industry swot analysis will help to highlight these
threats. They are enlisted below:

1. E-shops and on-demand shops: There are many e-shops and on-demand shops that
are mushrooming their way into the market. Now, the market actually has some
internal competition going on. So, these new shops often end up stealing a lot of
customers away from the industry.
2. High making cost: The making cost for this industry is quite high and very hard to
achieve. So this makes having profit very hard.
3. Freight on board cost: Many times, the seller has to take the responsibility for
goods, freight, and marine insurance. This is a convenient system no doubt. But if an
accident happens the loss is very hard to deal with. This will majorly impact the
earnings of it.

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 Chapter - 5
Issues and Challenges of Textile Industry

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 Issues and Challenges of textile Industry

The majority of the discussion topic in the textile industry focuses on the consumer social
point of view, neglecting the impact it has on the Indian export crisis and environment as well
as other sectors. India is one of the largest producers of textiles. It provides direct
employment to 51 million people and indirectly 68 million. Due to changing government
policies at the state and central government levels because of which major challenges are
arising in the textile industry.

The tax structure GST (Goods and Service Tax) makes the garments expensive. Another
important threat is raising interest rates and labour wages and workers' salaries. The hubs of
textile garment industries all over India at places such as Bangalore, Mumbai, Tripura, and
New Delhi. These manufacturers have the ability to produce the entire range of woven wear
and knitwear at a low cost with reasonably good quality. The Indian textile industry has its
own limitations such as access to the latest technology and failures to meet global standards
in the highly competitive export market. Countries like China, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
gives fierce competition in low price garment market. The formulation of policy, planning,
development, export promotion, and regulation of the textile industry in India is administered
under the Ministry of Textile, Government of India.

 Shortage in supply of raw materials

 Increase in the cost of raw materials
 Environmental problems
 Infrastructure bottlenecks
 Impact of GST
 Shortage of labours due to a mass return
 The decline in Apparel export.

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Elaboration of the above issues:

1) Shortage in supply of raw materials: Because of pollution issues some unit of china and
Europe has been shut down due to which rise in the prices of basic raw material has resulted
and there are many other factors like weather etc. which are influencing the raw material
supply.

2) Increase in cost of raw material: Unpredictable market conditions, weather, policies etc.
have resulted in an increase in raw material costs.

3) Environmental problems: Environmental compliance often isn't at the top of textile and
garment importers' concerns.

4) Infrastructure bottlenecks: The low quality of India's infrastructure continues to lag behind
that of many other Asian countries.

Industry posts the covid 19 lockdown:

As the world is fighting against the ongoing pandemic of the dreaded covid-19 virus, so
during this lockdown textile industry is trying to focus on alternatives and charting its return
to normalcy. This scenario has not only hindered the economic forecasts but also changed the
business model for many industries. After lockdown, all the industries and textile bodies will
be putting new practices in place with respect to safety precautions and sanitization on-
premises. In 2020, the Indian apparel industry which was expected to be USD 74 billion is
now expected to fall almost 10-15%. It affects a lot in terms of employment, it was estimated
that almost 1 crore jobs would be lost in the textile industry. In the Indian textile industry,
Diversification of apparels and textiles beyond cotton (which is the primary market of India),
and venturing into man-made fiber (MMF) & synthetics category could be a major shift.

 Shortage in supply of raw material:

Shutting down some units in China and Europe due to pollution issues has resulted in an
unprecedented rise in prices of basic raw materials in international markets.

 Increase in cost of raw material:

Prices have seen an upward increase after many units in China were shut down due to
pollution norms. The rise in prices of imported raw materials has increased the prices of
dyes.

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  Pressure to meet stringent social and environmental norms:

Environmental compliance often isn't at the top of textile and garment importers' concerns.
Failing to comply with environmental regulations can put supply chain in jeopardy, as
pressure mounts for the apparel industry to improve environmental compliance efforts.

 Infrastructure bottlenecks:

The low quality of India's infrastructure continues to lag behind that of many other Asian
countries. It slow down the process.

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 CHAPTER - 6
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGIES /
APPLICATION TO RESOLVE ISSUES
DIRECT-TO-GARMENT
TECHNOLOGIES

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Impact of Technologies / Application to Resolve Issues Direct-To-Garment
Technologies

 DIRECT-TO-GARMENT TECHNOLOGY

Direct-to-garment printing (DTG) is a process of printing on textiles using specialized

aqueous ink jet technology. DTG printers typically have a platen designed to hold the
garment in a fixed position, and the printer inks are jetted or sprayed onto the textile by the
print head. DTG typically requires that the garment be pre-treated with a PTM or Pre-
treatment machine allowing for the following:

 Stronger bond between garment fibers and the pigmented inks

 Lays down loose fibers to provide for a smoother substrate
 Chemically reacts with the inks to promote drying and curing

Since this is a digital process the print is sharper and has a higher resolution, or DPI, than
traditional printing methods such as screen printing. However, unlike screen printing, there is
no long setup or clean-up process, and DTG has the ability to print just one single shirt for
minimal cost.

Printing process

DTG printers use aqueous textile inks (water-based chemistry) that require a unique curing
process. Since D2 inks are water-based, they work best for printing on natural fibers such as
cotton, bamboo, Hemp, and linen. In addition, pre-treatment is typically applied to the
garment before printing. The pre-treatment is heat-pressed into the custom t-shirt causing the
fibers of the Shirt to lay down. The pre-treatment also allows the water-based inks to bond
more fully to the garment. This is especially important when using white ink on dark
garments.

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Once the custom garment -for instance a t-shirt- has been properly pre-treated, the shirt (or
garment) is then positioned onto a platen system designed to hold the shirt in place. The shirt
is then digitally printed according to the design in the printer queue.

 DIGITAL DYE-SUBLIMATION

Dye-Sublimation Printing (or dye-sub printing) is a computer printing technique which uses
heat to transfer dye onto materials such as a plastic, card, paper, or fabric. The sublimation
name was first applied because the dye was considered to make the transition between the
solid and gas states without going through a liquid stage. This understanding of the process
was later shown to be incorrect, as there is some liquefying of the dye. Since then, the proper
name for the process has become known as dye-diffusion, though this technically correct
term has not supplanted the original name. Many consumer and professional dye-sublimation
printers are designed and used for producing photographic prints, ID cards, clothing, and
more.

These are not to be confused with 'dye sublimation heat transfer imprinting printers', which
are inkjet printers that use special inks to create transfers designed to be imprinted on textiles,
and in which the dyes do indeed sublimate. These are done at lower temperatures but higher
pressures, particularly in all-over print processes.

For ID card printing, text and bar codes are necessary, and they are printed by means of an
additional black panel on the (YMCKO) ribbon. This extra panel works by thermal transfer
printing instead of dye diffusion: a whole layer, instead of just some of the dye in the layer,
transfers from the ribbon to the substrate at the pixels defined by the thermal head. This
overall process is then sometimes called dye diffusion thermal transfer (D2T2).

Dye-sub printing is a digital printing technology using full-color artwork that works with
polyester and polymer-coated substrates. Also referred to as digital sublimation, the process
is commonly used for decorating apparel, signs and banners, as well as novelty items such as
cell phone covers, Plaques, coffee mugs, and other items with sublimation-friendly surfaces.
The process uses the science of sublimation. in which heat and pressure are applied to a solid,
turning It into a gas through an endothermic reaction without passing through the liquid phase
In sublimation printing, unique sublimation dyes are transferred to sheets of "transfer" paper
via liquid gel ink through a piezoelectric print head. The ink is deposited on these high-
release inkjet papers, which are used for the next step of the sublimation printing process.
After the digital design is printed onto sublimation transfer sheets, it is placed on a heat press
along with the substrate to be sublimated

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In order to transfer the image from the paper to the substrate, it requires a heat press machine
process that is a combination of time, temperature and pressure - each at varying degrees,
depending on the substrate. This application will transfer the sublimation dyes at the
molecular level into the substrate. The most common dyes used for sublimation activate at
350 degrees Fahrenheit / 175 degrees Celsius. However, a range of 380 to 420 degrees
Fahrenheit / 195 to 215 degrees Celsius is normally recommended for optimal color.

The result of the sublimation process is a nearly permanent, high resolution, full-color print
Because the dyes are infused into the substrate at the molecular level, rather than applied at a
topical level (such as with screen printing and direct to garment printing), the prints will not
crack, lade or peel from the substrate under none.

 Computerized Machines

Over the last few decades, the textile industry has undergone a facelift. Although the original
machines and their processes are still being used, they have evolved into more
technologically-advanced versions of the originals. Now, machines that skilled labourers used
to operate manually can be computerized and programmed to produce textile materials. This
development has negatively affected the employment rate for this industry, since there are
fewer people needed to man the machines. For example, employment in the textile industry
within the European Union alone saw a 40% drop during the 1980s and 1990s, a serious
downfall of the new processes. However, the prices of textiles decreased due to this
automation, creating more money for the industry and the countries producing textiles.

Technological advancements in the textile industry include the use of new machines. For
example:

 Knitting machines - Machines create knitted fabrics in large swaths of material,

instead of long strips, that are then looped and sewn together.
 Pleating - Pleating can now be done solely by machines instead of labourers.
 Laser printing - Textile machines now use laser printing to produce images on clothes,
like jeans and shirts. As a result, designs can be transferred to materials more quickly
and more precisely.
 Digital printing - Layered printing allows for more complex designs.
 3D Printers - Although mostly found only in the high fashion community, companies
like Nike are finding ways to use 3D printing to make innovative shoes, a technology

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 that may be eventually applied to thinner and more resilient fibers to make actual, soft
clothing.
 Nanotechnology - The textile industry is looking to use nanotechnology to create
more scientific clothing, like fire-repellent, self-cleaning, and water-repellent items.
Nanotechnology will also allow the textile industry to make products at lower energy
thresholds, which helps to sustain the environment.

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 CHAPTER – 7
SUGGESTIVE STRATEGIES

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 Suggestive Strategies

Marketing Initiatives

E-marketing is the most immediate, flexible and cost effective marketing tool available in
business today. Businesses have to embrace the Web as a platform; as a way to do business in
this day and age

Exploring untapped markets of global textile and apparel industry:

 Out of top twenty T&A global market, India has less than 3% share in its total
T&A exports for most of the major markets.
 These markets offer a tremendous opportunity to our exporters for increasing India's
T&A exports.
 With manufacturing excellence Indian manufacturers & exporters can position
themselves distinctively to compete in these markets.

Diversification of product portfolio:

 India's exports are not very much aligned towards global demand.
 Indian textile industry needs to understand and capitalize on this potential market
opportunity by investing into different products.
 Keeping pace with the requirements of buyers in export markets and
responsiveness to it can also help exporters to have better competitiveness.

Improving service and quality levels:

 It is one of the most prominent issues that has loomed over Indian exporters.
 Issues faced in terms of quality & quantity:
1. Dispatching of faulty products
2. Poor packaging of products
3. Inability to cater large order quantities
4. Non adherence to compliances and norms

Issues faced in terms of service levels:

 Delay in lead times

 Poor communication between merchandizers and buyers
 Infrastructural & procedural delays in shipment

Solution:

 Indian exporters need to incorporate robust client management systems.

 Merchandisers need to be well trained in handling international clients in order to win
their confidence and to build market reputation.

Employment generation through growth in domestic market:

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  A large number of potential product categories have emerged in the domestic market.
1. Women's western wear
2. Active wear or At leisure wear
3. Yarn and Fiber/Filament Sector
4. Technical Textiles

The future for the Indian textiles industry looks promising, buoyed by strong domestic
consumption as well as export demand. With consumerism and disposable income on the
rise, the retail sector has experienced a rapid growth in the past decade with the entry of
several international players. High economic growth has resulted in higher disposable
income. This has led to rise in demand for products creating a huge domestic market

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 CHAPTER – 8
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Learning Outcomes
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After completion of this mini project I've been able to learn a lot some of the main learning
outcomes are as follows-:

 Various technologies implemented to make an effective working in the Textile

industry.
 A chance to attain deeper knowledge about the Textile Industry its impact as well as
about its significance in today's world
 Indian textile and apparel market could aspire for a growth of 11% and reach US$ 290
bn. by 2025.
 Exploring newer areas in the domestic market becomes more essential for the growth
of industry.
 Learnt the importance and impact of Labour, yarn, technology, labour intensive
techniques used in textile industry.

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 CHAPTER – 9
RECOMMENDATION

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 Recommendation

Gas load shedding:

 Constant gas supply with suitable pressure is very important for the growth of the
textile industry.

Fluctuation in Yarn prices:

 The government should fix yarn prices for each year in order to help the textile
sector to grow and create more jobs.
 The fixation of the price will benefit the poor farmers the most.

Research and development:

 Research and development are one of the most important components of growth in
any industry.
 Government funds for this purpose can produce wonders if used properly:

Lack of training:

 The workforce should be trained in order to meet modern requirements.

Lack of modern equipment:

 The government should remove or at least reduce taxes on the import of modern
equipment Government subsidies:
 The government can play a major role in the growth of industry both vertically and
horizontally.
 Young entrepreneurs should be provided with loans and subsidies to lure them
towards this sector.

Promotion of domestic brands:

 There is need for the promotion of India brands instead of selling products of
international brands in India market.

One-window solution:

 The government should provide one-window solution to deal with the problems of
the industry

Capital subsidy:

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  The weaving sector is getting subsidy at 10% subject to cap of 20 crore under
ATUFS, whereas for garmenting and technical textiles, subsidy is provided at 15%
subject to cap of 30 crore.
 The Government of India may consider providing some enhanced subsidy under
ATUFS, for select players, purely on outcome basis.

Growth drivers:

o Changing demographic dividend:

 Urban areas are expanding and large number of people are moving from
villages to cities.
 This increasing urbanization in turn will have a major growth impact on
apparel consumption

Emerging categories for consumption:

 Increasing spending power of people along with the changing social scenario of the
country has led to the emergence of certain new consumption categories.

Increasing penetration of organized retail:

 The presence of top brands in the country will lead to higher consumption of fashion
apparel.

Growth of Technical Textiles:

 Technical textile is expected to become one of the fastest growing segments in the
industry.

Government has allowed 100% FDl in the sector under the automatic route

An MOU was signed between textile committee, India and MIs Nissenken Quality
Evaluation Centre, Japan, for improving quality and testing Indian textiles and clothing for
the Japanese market.

This India-Japan pact on cooperation in textiles will facilitate Indian exporters to meet the
requirements of Japanese importers as per the latter's technical regulations

A National Technical Textiles Mission is proposed for a period from 2020-21 to 2023-24.

The New Textiles Policy 2020 for overall development of the sector was released by
Ministry of Textiles.

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved mandatory packaging of food

grains and sugar in jute material for the Jute Year 2019-20.

Amended Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (A-TUFS), estimated to create

employment for 35 lakh people and enable investment worth Rs. 95,000 crore by 2022.

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Integrated Wool Development Programme (IWDP) to provide support to the wool sector,
starting from wool rearer to end consumer, with an aim to enhance quality and increase
production during 2017-18 and 2019-20.

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), approved a new skill development
scheme named 'Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector (SCBTS)'.

The following government policies are favorable which provide attractive incentives to the
manufacturers:

 Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP)

 Integrated Skill Development Scheme (ISDS)
 Technology Mission on Technical Textiles (TMTT)
 Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
 Integrated Processing Development Scheme (IDS)
 Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS)
 Market Development Assistance (MDA) Market Access Initiative (MAI)

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 CHAPTER – 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 Bibliography

Websites

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.in

www.apexmills.com

iastoppers.com

www.textilesphere.com

papers.ssrn.com

Journals

Indian journal of fiber and textile research

International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes

Hiller Connell and Kozar Fash Text (2017)

Sage journals

International Journal on Textile Engineering and Processes, Vol. 2 Issue 2, (2016)

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