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Castillo, Mauricio.
Neuroradiology companion : methods, guidelines, and imaging
fundamentals / Mauricio
Castillo. — 4th ed.
p.; cm. — (Imaging companion series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4511-1175-0 (pbk.)
1. Nervous system—Radiography—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. II.
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[DNLM: 1. Central Nervous System Diseases—radiography—Handbooks.
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System—radiography—Handbooks. 3. Neuroradiography—methods—
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I dedicate this book to those individuals who throughout my professional life
have served as mentors and sources of inspiration. From each I have learned
different but equally important values.
Robert M. Quencer, Michael S. Huckman, Thomas P. Naidich, Joseph K. T.
Lee
And also to my wife, Hortensia
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
PART 1 IMAGING PROTOCOLS AND
GUIDELINES
1 CT Protocols
Brain without Contrast
Brain with Contrast Administration
Deep Brain Stimulator Head Protocol
Paranasal Sinus, Screening
Paranasal Sinuses with Contrast
Paranasal Sinuses, Preoperative for Computer
Navigation
Maxillofacial without Contrast
Maxillofacial with IV Contrast
Orbits
Temp oral Bones
Neck
CSFLeak
Craniosynostosis
Routine C-Spine
Routine T/L-Spine
CTAHead
CTA Neck/Carotids
CT Perfusion
Pituitary Protocol
2 MRI Protocols
Brain without and with Contrast
Neonatal Brain
Brain, Stroke
Brain, Tumor
Brain, Trauma
Brain, Contrast Enhanced Perfusion
Carotid Arteries, Neck
Venogram, No Contrast
Brain, Pulsatile Tinnitus
Pituitary
Neck, General
Temporomandibular Joints
Cervical Spine
Thoracic Spine
Lumbar Spine
Brachial Plexus
3 Myelography Protocols
General Guidelines
4 Digital Subtraction Angiography Protocols
General Guidelines
5 Sedation and Anxiolysis Protocols
Conscious Sedation
Anxiolysis
6 Medications in Neuroradiology
Medications for Contrast Media Reactions
Endotracheal Tubes
Prevention of Contrast Reactions in Allergic
Patients
Management of Contrast Reactions
Medications that may Affect the Performance of
Invasive Procedures
Medications (Generic Names) that may Lower
Seizure Threshold
Over-The-Counter Medications that Increase
Bleeding Time
CT Contrast Allergy
Iodinated Contrast in Renal Insufficiency
MR Contrast Administration in Adults (>18 Years
of Age)
MR Contrast Administration in Children (&16 and
>2 Years of Age)
Contrast Extravasation
7 Sample Dictations
Normal Dictations
MR Brain, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
MR Brain, No Contrast, Normal
MR Brain, Patient with Multiple Sclerosis
MRA Circle of Willis, Normal
MR Spectroscopy Normal
MR Pituitary Gland, Normal (Remember to Dictate
the Rest of Brain if Included as Part of the
Examination)
MR, Post Deep Brain Stimulator Placement, Normal
MR, Cranial Nerve VIII, Normal
MRA, Neck, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
MRA, Neck, No Contrast, Normal
MR, Cervical Spine, No Contrast, Normal
MR, Cervical Spine, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
MR, Thoracic Spine, No Contrast, Normal
MR, Thoracic Spine, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
MR, Lumbar Spine, No Contrast, Normal
MR, Lumbar Spine, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
MR, Lumbar Spine, Structured Report
MR, Total Spine, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
CT, Brain, No Contrast, Normal
CT, Brain, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
CTA, Brain, Normal
CT, Head, Craniosynostosis (Absence of)
CT, Face, No Contrast, Normal
CT Face, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
CT, Orbits, No Contrast, Normal
CT, Orbits, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
CT, Paranasal Sinuses, No Contrast, Normal No
Prior Surgery
CT, Paranasal Sinuses, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
CT, Paranasal Sinus, Post Surgery
CT, Neck, Contrast Enhanced, Normal
CTA, Neck, Normal
CT, Temporal Bones, No Contrast, Normal
CT, Cervical, Thoracic, and/or Lumbar Spine, No
Contrast, Normal (Acute Trauma)
Lumbar Puncture
Lumbar Puncture for CSF Leak Study
Lumbar Puncture for Opening Pressure
Measurement
Myelogram, Cervical, Normal (From Lumbar
Approach)
Myelogram, Lumbar, Normal
Cerebral Angiogram, Normal
Ultrasound, Head, Normal
Ultrasound, Lower Spine, Normal
PART 2 IMAGING FUNDAMENTALS
SECTION A BRAIN IMAGING
8 Trauma
Skull Fractures
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma and Hygroma
Diffuse Axonal Injury and Intermediary Injuries
Contusions
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Child Abuse
Pneumocephalus
Arterial Dissection
9 Stroke
Acute (&24 Hours) Middle Cerebral Artery Infarct,
Computed Tomography
Acute (&24 Hours) Middle Cerebral Artery Infarct,
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Subacute (2 To 21 Days) Middle Cerebral Artery
Infarct, Computed Tomography
Subacute Infarction, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Acute Anterior (ACA) and Posterior (PCA)
Cerebral Artery Infarcts
Lacunar Infarctions
Watershed Cerebral Infarctions
Hemorrhagic Infarct and Hemorrhagic
Transformation
Wallerian Degeneration
Acute Cerebellar Infarct
Basilar Artery Occlusion
Generalized Brain Hypoxia/Ischemia
Cortical Vein Thrombosis
Deep Venous System Occlusion
Venous Sinus Occlusion
Corpus Callosum Infarctions
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Cerebral Vasculitis
Moyamoya
Cadasil
Stenosis, Extra-Cranial ICA
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)
10 Nontraumatic Hemorrhage
Acute Hypertensive Hemorrhages
Cerebral Microhemorrhages
Amyloidosis
Hemorrhage in the Premature Brain
Periventricular Leukomalacia
11 Aneurysms
Anterior Communicating (AComm) Artery
Aneurysms
Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysms
Basilar Artery Tip Aneurysms
Infratentorial Aneurysms
Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms
Giant Aneurysms
Extradural Aneurysms (Pseudoaneurysms)
Vasospasm (After SAH)
12 Vascular Malformations
Arteriovenous Malformations
Cavernous Malformations
Developmental Venous Anomalies
Capillary Telangiectasias
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Carotid Artery-Cavernous Sinus Fistulas
Vein of Galen Malformations
13 Extra-Axial Masses
Meningioma
Epidermoid
Dermoid
Lipoma
Choroid Plexus Tumors
Pituitary Adenoma
Craniopharyngioma
Pineal Gland Tumors
Colloid Cyst
Arachnoid Cyst
14 Intra-Axial Tumors
Astrocytoma, Low Grade
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
Gliomatosis Cerebri
Oligodendroglioma
Ependymomas and Subependymomas
Neuronal Tumors
Metastases
Lymphoma
Pylocytic Astrocytoma
Brain Stem Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma and Subependymoma
