O Level Cambridge (CIE) Chemistry 1 hour 5 questions

Alternative to Practical Questions

5.1 Exothermic &

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1 (a) A student investigated the addition of four different solids, A, B, C and D, to water. Five
experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 By using a measuring cylinder, 30 cm3 of
distilled water was poured into a polystyrene cup and the initial temperature of the

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water was measured. 4 g of solid A was added to the cup and the mixture stirred with a
thermometer. The temperature of the solution was measured after 2 minutes.

Experiment 2 Experiment 1 was repeated using 4 g of solid B.

Experiment 3 Experiment 1 was repeated using 4 g of solid C.

Experiment 4 Experiment 1 was repeated using 4 g of solid D.

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 Experiment 5 A little of the solution from Experiment 4 was added to a little of the
solution from Experiment 2 in a test-tube. The observations were recorded.
observations: A fast reaction. Vigorous effervescence and bubbles produced.

Use the thermometer diagrams for Experiments 1-4 to record the initial and final
temperatures in Table 4.1. Calculate and record the temperature difference in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

experiment temperature / °C final temperature / °C difference / °C 1 2 3 4

(4 marks)

(b) Draw a labelled bar chart of the results to Experiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 on the grid below.

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 (4 marks)

(c) Use the results and observations from Experiments 1-5 to answer the following
questions.

i)

Which solid dissolves in water to produce an exothermic reaction?

[1]

ii)

Give a reason why you chose this solid.

[1]

(2 marks)

(d) Which Experiment produced the largest temperature change?

(1 mark)

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(e) Predict the temperature change that would happen if

i)

8 g of solid B were used in Experiment 2

[1]

ii)

60 cm3 of water was used in Experiment 4 [1]

iii)

Explain your answer to (e)(ii)

[2]

(4 marks)

(f) Suggest an explanation for the observations in Experiment 5.

(2 marks)

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2 (a) A student investigated what happened when sodium thiosulphate dissolved in water.
Experiment 1 By using a measuring cylinder, 20 cm3 of distilled water was poured into a
polystyrene cup. Use the thermometer diagram to record the temperature of the water
in the table. 1 g of powdered sodium thiosulphate was added to the cup and the mixture
stirred with a thermometer. Use the thermometer diagram to record the temperature of
the solution. Experiment 2 Experiment 1 was repeated using 2 g of powdered sodium
thiosulphate. Record the temperature in the table. Experiments 3, 4 and 5 Experiment 1
was repeated using 3 g, 4 g and 5 g of powdered sodium thiosulphate respectively.
Record the temperatures in the table.

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 (5 marks)

(b) Plot the results of the experiments on the grid below. Draw a straight line graph.

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 (4 marks)

(c) i)

Use your graph to estimate the temperature of the reaction mixture if 3.5 g of
powdered sodium thiosulphate were added to 20 cm3 of water. Indicate clearly on the
graph how you obtained your answer.

[2]

ii)

From your graph work out the temperature of the reaction mixture if 6 g of powdered
sodium thiosulphate were added to 20 cm3 of water.

Indicate clearly how you used your graph.

[2]

(4 marks)

(d) What type of chemical reaction occurs when sodium thiosulphate dissolves in water?

(1 mark)

(e) Explain how the temperature changes would differ in the experiments if 40 cm3 of water
were used.

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 (2 marks)

(f) Explain why the sodium thiosulphate was powdered before being used.

(2 marks)

(g) Predict what the temperature of the reaction mixture in Experiment 5 would be after 1
hour. Explain your answer.

(2 marks)

(h) Suggest one change you could make to the apparatus used in the experiments to obtain
more accurate results.

(1 mark)

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3 (a) A small piece of limestone was heated strongly and left to cool. A few drops of cold water
were added. The solid expanded and gave off steam.

Complete the empty boxes to identify the pieces of apparatus labelled.

(3 marks)

(b) What type of chemical reaction takes place when water is added?

(1 mark)

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4 (a) A student investigated the reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide with two different
acids, acid C and acid D. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 By using a
measuring cylinder, 20 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide was poured into a conical flask
and the initial temperature of the solution was measured. A burette was filled with acid C
up to the 0.0 cm3 mark. 5 cm3 of acid C was added to the sodium hydroxide in the flask.
The temperature of the mixture was measured.

Further 5 cm3 portions of acid C were added to the mixture in the flask, stirring with the
thermometer until a total volume of 30 cm3 of acid C had been added. The temperatures
after each 5 cm3 portion had been added were measured.

Use the thermometer diagrams to record the temperatures in the table of results.

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 Table of results

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 (2 marks)

(b) Experiment 2 The burette was emptied and rinsed with water. Experiment 1 was repeated
using acid D.

Use the thermometer diagrams to record the temperatures in the table of results.

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 Table of results

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 (2 marks)

(c) Plot the results for Experiments 1 and 2 on the grid and draw two smooth line graphs.
Clearly label your graphs.

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 (6 marks)

(d) From your graph, deduce the temperature of the mixture when 3 cm3 of acid C reacted
with sodium hydroxide in Experiment 1. Show clearly on the graph how you worked out
your answer.

(2 marks)

(e) i)

Which experiment produced the larger temperature change?

[1]

ii)

Suggest why the temperature change is greater in this experiment.

[2]

(3 marks)

(f) Why was the burette rinsed with water in Experiment 2?

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 (1 mark)

(g) Predict the temperature of the reaction mixture in Experiment 2 after 1 hour. Explain
your answer.

(2 marks)

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5 (a) An experiment was carried out to measure the temperature changes during the
neutralisation of sodium hydroxide solution with dilute hydrochloric acid. Both solutions
were allowed to stand in the laboratory for about 30 minutes.

25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution was added to a polystyrene beaker and the
temperature was measured. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid was added to the beaker and
the highest temperature reached measured. The experiment was repeated using
different volumes of acid.

Why were the solutions left to stand for about 30 minutes before the experiments?

(1 mark)

(b) Why was a polystyrene beaker used instead of a glass beaker?

(1 mark)

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(c) The results of the experiments are shown plotted on the grid below.

What type of chemical reaction occurs when sodium hydroxide is neutralised by

(1 mark)

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(d) i)

Which point appears to be inaccurate?

[1]

ii)

Draw two straight lines through the points and extend them until they cross.

[2]

iii)

What volume of hydrochloric acid was needed to neutralise 25 cm3 of the sodium
hydroxide solution?

[2]

(5 marks)

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