AP PHYSICS 1 Test Booklet

U8FRQ

Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

Sphere of mass and radius is released from rest at the bottom of a large pool of water, as shown in Figure .
Sphere is released at time , rises toward the surface, and at time , Sphere is just below the surface of the
water. The density of Sphere is much less than the density of water . Resistive forces from the water are negligible.

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1. (a) On the dot in Figure 2, which represents the sphere, draw and label the forces (not components) that are
exerted on the sphere just after it is released from rest. Each force must be represented by a distinct arrow starting
on and pointing away from the dot. Draw the relative lengths of all vectors to reflect the relative magnitudes of all
the forces.

(b) Starting with Newton’s second law, derive an expression for the height of the sphere above the bottom of the
pool as a function of time after time , but before the sphere reaches the top of the water. Express your
answer in terms of , , , and physical constants, as appropriate. Begin your derivation by writing a
fundamental physics principle or an equation from the reference information.

(c) The pressure exerted by the water on the sphere at the bottom of the pool is . On the following grid, sketch
the pressure exerted on the sphere by the water as a function of time from , to before the sphere reaches the
surface of the water.

Sphere takes time to travel from the bottom of the pool of water to just below the surface of the water.

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Sphere , which has the same radius as sphere but mass is released from rest at the bottom of the same
pool of water.

(d) Justify why the time Sphere takes to travel from the bottom of the pool to just below the surface of the
water is greater than . Reference the free-body diagram you sketched in part (a) in your justification.

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2. Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

A group of students are given a cylindrical container half filled with a liquid of unknown density . The students
have access to an additional container with more of the same liquid, meter sticks, and a pressure sensor. They do
not have access to a scale.

(a) The students are asked to take measurements to create a graph that could be used to determine the density of
the liquid. Describe an experimental procedure the students could use to collect the data needed to determine the
density of the liquid. Include any steps necessary to reduce experimental uncertainty. If needed, you may include a
simple diagram of the setup with your procedure.

(b) Describe how the data collected in part (a) could be plotted to create a linear graph and how that graph would
be analyzed to determine the density of the liquid.

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The students perform another experiment with another cylinder which is filled with water, as shown in Figure .
The students make a small hole in the side of the cylinder and measure the speed at which water exits the hole.
The students plug the first hole, make another one at a different height, and repeat this procedure. The following
table shows height of each hole relative to the top of the water, the students made and the corresponding water
speed .

Height Speed

(c) The students correctly determine that the relationship between and is given by . The students
create a graph with plotted on the vertical axis.

i. Indicate which measured or calculated quantity could be plotted on the horizontal axis to yield a linear graph
whose slope can be used to calculate an experimental value for the acceleration due to gravity. Use the blank
columns in the table to list any calculated quantities you will graph other than the data provided.

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____ ____Vertical Axis __________Horizontal Axis

ii. On the grid below, plot the appropriate quantities to determine the acceleration due to gravity. Clearly scale
and label all axes, including units, as appropriate.

iii. Draw a best fit line to the data graphed in part (c) ii.

(d) Calculate an experimental value for the acceleration due to gravity using the best-fit line that you drew in
Figure in part (c)iii.

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Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

A large container is filled with water. The container is filled to a height , as shown in Figure . A release valve is
opened at a height above the floor, and water exits horizontally from the valve, and initially hits the floor a distance
from the side of the container. Assume the water in the container is still. The effects of friction, turbulence, and viscosity
are negligible.

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3. (a)

i. Derive an expression for the speed of the water leaving the valve in terms of , , and physical constants
as appropriate. Begin your derivation by writing a fundamental physics principle or an equation from the
reference book.

ii. Derive an expression for the horizontal distance traveled by the water before hitting the floor in terms of
, , and physical constants as appropriate. Begin your derivation by writing a fundamental physics principle
or an equation from the reference book.

iii. When the container is filled to a height , the speed of the water exiting the valve is . On the axis
provided, sketch a graph of the speed of the water leaving the valve as a function of the height of the water in
the container.

(b) Suppose that the container is filled with salt water which has a greater density than fresh water. How will this
change affect the horizontal distance traveled by the water before it reaches the floor? Justify your response
beyond derivations or referencing equations.

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