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Class12_All_Math_Formula_Sheet

The document is a comprehensive formula sheet for Class 12 Mathematics covering key topics such as Probability, Integration, Differential Equations, Linear Programming, 3D Geometry, and Differentiation. Each section provides essential formulas and concepts necessary for solving mathematical problems in these areas. It serves as a quick reference guide for students preparing for exams.

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piyushranjan12301
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4 views

Class12_All_Math_Formula_Sheet

The document is a comprehensive formula sheet for Class 12 Mathematics covering key topics such as Probability, Integration, Differential Equations, Linear Programming, 3D Geometry, and Differentiation. Each section provides essential formulas and concepts necessary for solving mathematical problems in these areas. It serves as a quick reference guide for students preparing for exams.

Uploaded by

piyushranjan12301
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 12 Math – All Important Formula Sheet

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1. Probability
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- P(A) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes
- P(A') = 1 - P(A)
- P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A n B)
- P(A n B) = P(A) * P(B) [if A and B are independent]
- Conditional probability: P(A|B) = P(A n B) / P(B)
- Bayes' Theorem: P(A_i|B) = [P(A_i) * P(B|A_i)] / Σ[P(A_j) * P(B|A_j)]

2. Integration
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- ∫ x^n dx = x^{n+1}/(n+1) + C, n ≠ -1
- ∫ 1/x dx = ln|x| + C
- ∫ e^x dx = e^x + C
- ∫ a^x dx = a^x / ln a + C
- ∫ sin x dx = -cos x + C
- ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
- ∫ sec^2 x dx = tan x + C
- ∫ csc^2 x dx = -cot x + C
- ∫ dx/sqrt(a^2 - x^2) = sin^-1(x/a) + C
- Integration by parts: ∫ u·v dx = u∫v dx - ∫(du/dx · ∫v dx)dx
- Properties of definite integrals:
- ∫_a^a f(x) dx = 0
- ∫_a^b f(x) dx = ∫_a^b f(a + b - x) dx

3. Differential Equations
--------------------------
- Variable separable: dy/dx = g(x)h(y) ⇒ ∫ dy/h(y) = ∫ g(x) dx
- Linear form: dy/dx + P(x)y = Q(x)
- Integrating Factor (IF) = e^∫P(x)dx
- Solution: y·IF = ∫ Q(x)·IF dx + C
- Homogeneous: dy/dx = f(x/y) ⇒ y = vx substitution

4. Linear Programming
---------------------
- Objective function: Z = ax + by (maximize/minimize)
- Constraints: Linear inequalities + non-negativity: x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
- Solve by graphing: find corner points, calculate Z at each
- Optimal value of Z lies at a vertex of feasible region

5. 3D Geometry
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- Direction cosines: l = cos α, m = cos β, n = cos γ; l² + m² + n² = 1
- Direction ratios to DCs: l = a/sqrt(a² + b² + c²), etc.
- Line:
- Vector form: r = a + λb
- Cartesian form: (x - x1)/a = (y - y1)/b = (z - z1)/c
- Angle between lines: cos θ = (a1·a2 + b1·b2 + c1·c2) / sqrt(sum of squares)
- Plane: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
- Distance of point from plane: |Ax + By + Cz + D| / sqrt(A² + B² + C²)

6. Differentiation
------------------
- d/dx(x^n) = nx^{n-1}
- d/dx(e^x) = e^x
- d/dx(log x) = 1/x
- Trig derivatives:
- d/dx(sin x) = cos x
- d/dx(cos x) = -sin x
- d/dx(tan x) = sec² x
- d/dx(cot x) = -csc² x
- d/dx(sec x) = sec x tan x
- d/dx(csc x) = -csc x cot x

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