Foundation in Cloud Technology

UNIT 02
Cloud Computing Companies
and
Migrating to Cloud

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

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Index:
• Web-based business services
• Delivering Business Processes from the Cloud: Business
process examples,
• Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud
• The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud
• Efficient Steps for migrating to cloud.
• Risks: Measuring and assessment of risks,
• Company concerns Risk Mitigation methodology for Cloud
computing

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 Cloud computing companies
• Cloud computing companies are organizations that provide cloud-based services
and solutions to businesses, individuals, and other entities.
• These companies offer various computing services, storage, networking,
databases, analytics, software, and other resources over the internet,
allowing users to access and utilize these services on-demand without needing to
own or maintain the physical infrastructure.
• These companies operate large data centers and provide users with access to
computing resources and services via the internet.
• Customers can leverage these services to store data, run applications, host
websites, manage databases, perform analytics, and more without having to
invest in or manage their own hardware and software infrastructure.
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 Some of the prominent cloud computing companies
include:
1.Amazon Web Services (AWS): A subsidiary of Amazon that offers a wide
range of cloud services, including computing power, storage, and databases.
2.Microsoft Azure: Microsoft's cloud computing platform providing various
services like computing, analytics, storage, and networking.
3.Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Google's suite of cloud computing services,
offering solutions for computing, data storage, machine learning, and more.
4.IBM Cloud: IBM's cloud computing platform providing infrastructure,
platform, and software-as-a-service offerings.
5.Oracle Cloud: Oracle's comprehensive set of integrated cloud services
encompassing databases, applications, and platform services.

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
 What is a Web Service?
• A Web Service is can be defined by following ways:-
❖ It is a collection of standards or protocols for exchanging information
between two devices or application.
❖A Web services are the types of internet software that uses standardized
messaging protocol over the distributed environment.
❖It integrates the web-based application using the REST, SOAP, WSDL, and
UDDI over the network.
❖ WS is a standardized method for propagating messages between client and
server applications (or interoperable machine-to-machine)on the World Wide
Web.

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REST stands for Representational State Transfer
• REST is a software architecture that imposes conditions on how an API should work.
REST was initially created as a guideline to manage communication on a complex
network like the internet.
SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
• SOAP is an XML-based protocol for messaging and remote procedure calls (RPC).
WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language.
• WSDL defines a service's abstract description in terms of messages exchanged in a
service interaction.
UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
• The UDDI offer users a unified and systematic way to find service providers through a
centralized registry of services.

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Web-based business services

Web-based business services refer to services or applications

accessible via the internet that support various aspects of business
operations, communication, collaboration, and management.

These services are often hosted on cloud platforms and accessed

through web browsers, providing businesses with flexibility,
scalability, and accessibility.

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 Some examples of web-based business services:
1.Cloud Storage and File Sharing: Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, or
Microsoft OneDrive offer cloud storage solutions that enable businesses to store,
share, and collaborate on files and documents online.
2.Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Web-based CRM systems like
Salesforce, HubSpot, or Zoho CRM help businesses manage interactions with
current and potential customers, streamline sales processes, and track customer
data.
3.Project Management Tools: Services like Asana, Trello, or Basecamp provide
web-based platforms for managing projects, assigning tasks, tracking progress,
and collaborating among team members.
4.Accounting and Invoicing Software: Web-based accounting tools such as
QuickBooks Online, Xero, or FreshBooks allow businesses to manage their
financials, create invoices, track expenses, and generate reports online.

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5. Email Marketing Platforms: Services like Mailchimp, Constant
Contact, offer web-based platforms for creating and managing email
marketing campaigns, sending newsletters, and analyzing campaign
performance.
6. Human Resources (HR) Software: Web-based HR systems like
BambooHR, Gusto, or ADP provide solutions for managing employee
data, payroll, benefits, time tracking, and recruitment.
7. Online Collaboration and Communication Tools: Platforms like
Slack, Microsoft Teams, or Zoom offer web-based communication and
collaboration tools, including messaging, video conferencing, file sharing,
and team collaboration.
8. E-commerce Platforms: Services like Shopify, WooCommerce, or
BigCommerce provide web-based platforms for businesses to set up and
manage online stores, process payments, and handle inventory.

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Migrating to the cloud
• Migrating to the cloud refers to moving an organization's digital assets,
including data, applications, workloads, and IT processes, from on-premises
infrastructure or other environments to cloud-based services provided by cloud
computing companies.
• This migration involves transitioning from locally managed hardware and
software to utilizing resources and services delivered over the internet by cloud
service providers.
• But, a cloud migration can also entail transferring applications and data from a
single cloud environment or facilitate them to another- a model called cloud-to-
cloud migration.
• The other type of cloud migration is reverse cloud migration, cloud exit, and
cloud repatriation where applications or data are transferred and back to the
local data center.
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Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud
• Migration will depend on the applications you're moving, the cloud
provider you choose and on your different business needs, It involves
detailed plan between the key stakeholders to communicate effectively
for successful migration
• Migrating to the cloud involves moving data, applications, and other
business elements from on-premises servers or legacy infrastructure to
cloud-based infrastructure.
• This process provides several benefits: cost savings, scalability, and
improved accessibility.

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The seven quick stages of migration into the cloud are
outlined below.
• Step 1: Assessment step (Choose the right cloud provider)
• Step 2: Isolation Step (Prepare your data)
• Step 3: Mapping step on data (Choose your cloud storage)
• Step 4: Re- architect step (Set up your cloud computing resources and
deploy your model)
• Step-5: Augmentation step
• Step 6: Testing Step (Test your Model)
• Step 7: Monitor Step (maintain your Model)

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7 Steps of Migrating Model in Cloud

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Step 1: Choose the right cloud provider ( Assessment step)
• The first step in migrating your model to the cloud is to choose a cloud
provider that aligns with your needs, budget, and model requirements.
• consider the factors such as compliance, privacy, and security.
Step 2: Prepare your data ( Isolation step)
• Before migrating to your cloud, you need to prepare your data.
• for that ensure your data is clean and well organized, and in a format that is
compatible with your chosen cloud provider.
Step 3: Choose your cloud storage ( Mapping step)
• Once your data is prepared, you need to choose your cloud storage.
• This is where your data is stored in the cloud.
• there are many cloud storage services such as GCP Cloud Storage, AWS S3,
or Azure Blob Storage. 15
The iterative Seven-step Model of Migration into the Cloud.

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Step 4: Set up your cloud computing resources and deploy your model (
Re- architect step)
• If you want to run a model in the cloud, you will need to set up your
cloud computing resources. This includes selecting the appropriate
instance type and setting up a virtual machine(VM) or container for your
model.
• After setting up your computing resource, it is time to deploy your model
to the cloud.
• This includes packaging your model into a container or virtual machine
image and deploying it to your cloud computing resource.
• While deploying it may be possible that some functionality gets lost so
due to this some parts of the application need to be re-architected.
Step-5: Augmentation step
• It is the most important step for our business for which we migrate to the
cloud in this step by taking leverage of the internal features of cloud
computing service we augment our enterprise.
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Step 6: Test your Model
• Once your model is deployed, we need to test it to ensure that it is
working or not.
• That involves running test data through your model and comparing the
results with your expected output.
Step 7: Monitor and maintain your Model
• After the model is deployed and tested, it is important to monitor and
maintain it.
• That includes monitoring the performance, updating the model as needed,
and need to ensure your data stays up-to-date.
• Migrating your machine learning model to the cloud can be a complex
process, but above 7 steps, you can help ensure a smooth and successful
migration, ensuring that your model is scalable and accessible.
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General steps and considerations for migrating to the cloud:

1. Define Objectives and Scope

2. Assessment and Planning
3. Opt which Cloud Service Model we need to do
4. Select the proper Cloud Provider
5. Data Transferring
6. Application Migration
7. Security and Compliance
8. Testing
9. Training and Documentation
10. Monitoring and Optimization
11. Post-Migration Support

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General steps and considerations for migrating to the cloud:

1.Define Objectives and Scope:

•Clearly define the goals and objectives of your cloud migration.
•Identify the scope of the migration, including which applications and
data will be moved to the cloud.
2. Assessment and Planning:
•Conduct a thorough assessment of your existing infrastructure,
applications, and data.
•Identify dependencies between applications and services.
•Evaluate the suitability of applications for the cloud.
3. Opt which Cloud Service Model we need to do:
•Decide whether to use IaaS, PaaS or SaaS based on your requirements.

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4. Select proper Cloud Provider:
•Choose a cloud provider that meets your specific needs (e.g., AWS,
Azure, Google Cloud Platform).
•Consider factors such as services offered, pricing, and data center
locations.
5. Data Transferring:
•Plan and execute the migration of data to the cloud.
•Select proper transfer of data: such as offline data transfer, online data
transfer, or hybrid solutions.
6.Application Migration:
• Migrate applications accordingly based on your choice of the model.
•Reconfigure app to optimal performance in the cloud environment.
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7.Security and Compliance:
•Address compliance requirements specific to your industry.
•Ensure that security measures are in place to protect data in transit
and at rest.
8.Testing:
•Perform testing : before, during, and after the migration.
•Test for performance, security, and functionality to ensure a smooth
transition.
9.Training and Documentation:
•Train your team on the new cloud environment and its management.
•Document the new architecture, configurations, and processes.

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10.Monitoring and Optimization:
•Implement monitoring tools to keep track of the performance and
health of your cloud resources.
•Continuously check your cloud infrastructure for cost and
performance.

11.Post-Migration Support
•Provide support for users and address any issues that arise after
migration.
•Establish ongoing management processes and support mechanisms.

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Risks in migrating to cloud
Security Breaches and Data Loss: Migrating to the cloud introduces new security
vulnerabilities if not properly managed, increasing the risk of unauthorized access
and data breaches. Data loss can occur during the migration process itself due to
technical errors or unforeseen issues.
Compliance Violations: Certain industries have strict data regulations (e.g.,
HIPAA, GDPR) that must be adhered to even in the cloud. Ensuring your cloud
environment meets these compliance standards is crucial to avoid legal and
financial penalties.
Downtime and Service Interruptions: Migrations can cause temporary service
disruptions if not planned and executed carefully. This downtime can lead to lost
revenue, productivity issues, and customer dissatisfaction.

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• Unexpected Costs and Budget Overruns: Cloud costs can be
unpredictable due to usage, storage, and data transfer fees. Without proper
cost management, you could exceed your migration budget.
• Vendor Lock-in: Choosing a specific cloud provider can make it difficult
and expensive to switch to another provider later. This "lock-in" can limit
your flexibility and negotiating power.
• Integration Challenges: Integrating cloud services with your existing on-
premises systems can be complex and time-consuming. Compatibility
issues and data format differences can create integration hurdles.
• Lack of Expertise and Skill Gaps: Cloud migration requires specialized
skills and knowledge. If your team lacks the necessary expertise, it can
increase the risk of errors, delays, and security vulnerabilities.

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• Loss of Control Over Infrastructure: When you migrate to
the cloud, you relinquish some direct control over your IT
infrastructure. This can be a concern for organizations that
require strict control over their systems.
• Performance Issues and Latency: Migrating to a cloud
environment that is geographically distant from your users can
introduce latency. This can negatively impact application
performance and user experience.
• Inadequate Planning and Strategy: A poorly defined
migration strategy can lead to various problems, including cost
overruns, delays, and security vulnerabilities. Thorough
planning and a well-defined strategy are essential for a
successful cloud migration
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Risk Mitigation methodology
• Risk mitigation methodology is a structured process for identifying, assessing,
and reducing the impact of potential risks.
• The goal is to minimize the negative impact of risks on a project or business
Steps in risk mitigation
➢ Identify risks: Examine work areas and tasks to identify hazards
➢ Assess risks: Analyze the likelihood and impact of each risk
➢ Prioritize risks: Determine which risks to address first
➢ Develop strategies: Create a plan to reduce or eliminate the risks
➢ Implement strategies: Put the plan into action across the organization
➢ Monitor and review: Track progress and make adjustments as needed

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 Risk mitigation methodologies
• There are several risk mitigation methodologies that companies can use to address
the concerns listed above. These methodologies typically involve the following
steps:
1. Identify risks:
• This is the foundational step where you systematically examine your work areas,
processes, and tasks to pinpoint potential hazards or threats. This could involve
brainstorming, conducting safety audits, or analyzing past incidents.
2. Assess risks:
• Once you've identified the risks, you need to evaluate their potential impact and
likelihood of occurrence.
• This helps you understand the severity of each risk. You can use qualitative
methods (e.g., low, medium, high) or quantitative methods (e.g., assigning
numerical values) for this assessment. 28
3. Prioritize Risks:
• Not all risks are created equal.
• This step involves ranking the identified risks based on their severity,
focusing on those with the highest potential impact and likelihood.
• This prioritization guides your resource allocation and decision-
making.
4. Develop Strategies:
• Now that you know which risks to address, you need to create a plan
to reduce or eliminate them.
• This could involve implementing controls, developing procedures, or
investing in safety equipment.

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5. Implement Strategies:
•This is where you put your plan into action.
• You must ensure that the chosen strategies are effectively implemented across the
organization.
• This may involve training employees, making changes to processes, and investing
in necessary resources.
6. Monitor and Review:
•The risk mitigation process is not a one-time event.
•You need to continuously monitor the effectiveness of the implemented strategies
and make adjustments as needed.
•This ongoing review helps you identify any new risks or changes in the existing
ones.
By following these steps, you can establish a robust risk mitigation
framework that helps you proactively manage and minimize potential
threats to your organization
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 Do it yourself

Assume a random Company migrating to the cloud. What are the

risks associated with it and how to mitigate it? Write a detailed case
study.

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