MATHEMATICs

PUNJAB EDUCATION, CURRICULUM, TRAINING

AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY
 All rights are reserved with the
Punjab Education, Curriculum, Training and Assessment Authority

Compilers: (Authors) Aligned with

▪ Prof. Shamhad Muhammad Lodhi (late) Revised/ Updated NCP-2023 by:
▪ Prof. Muhammad Sharif Ghori (late) ▪ Dr. Malik Anjum Javeed, HED

▪ Prof. Sanaullah Bhatti (late) ▪ Dr. Muhammad Idrees, HED

▪ Prof. Khalid Saleem ▪ Muhammad Akhtar Shirani, SSS PECTTA

▪ Prof. Muhammad Amin Chaudhary ▪ Ghulam Murtaza, SSS PECTTA

Editor: ▪ Madiha Mehmood, SS PECTTA

▪ Majid Hameed, Master Trainer PEF, Lahore

Panel 1 Panel 2
▪ Prof. Mazhar Hussain, HED, Lahore ▪ Dr. Naveed Akhtar, HED, Lahore
▪ Prof. Syed Khuram Shehzad, HED, Lahore ▪ Prof. Mazhar Hussain, HED, Lahore
▪ Dr. Irfan Ahmad Aslam, PEF, Lahore ▪ Prof. Mirza Amanat Ali Baig (Rtd.)
▪ Talmeez-ur-Rehman (SS), SED, Lahore ▪ Dr. Rana Muhammad Akram Muntazir
Lahore Lead University
Director (Curriculum & Compliance):
▪ Aamir Riaz
Deputy Director (Science): Deputy Director (Graphics):
▪ Syed Saghir-Ul-Hassnain Tirmizi ▪ Aisha Sadiq
Supervised by: Designer:
▪ Muhammad Akhtar Shirani ▪ Atif Majeed
▪ Ghulam Murtaza ▪ Kamran Afzal Butt
▪ Madiha Mehmood

Date of Printing Edition Impression Copies Price

Experimental 1st
 Table of CONTENTS

Sr.
No. Unit Page
No.

1 Complex Numbers 1

2 Functions and Graphs 22

3 Theory of Quadratic Functions 34

4 Matrices and Determinants 44

5 Partial Fractions 78

6 Sequences and Series 88

7 Permutation and Combination 123

8 Binomial Theorem 140

9 Division of Polynomials 170

10 Trigonometric Identities 177

11 Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs 200

12 Limits and Continuity 218

13 Differentiation 237

14 Vectors in Space 259

Answers 292

Glossary 308
 Unit Complex Numbers
1

1.1 Complex Numbers

1.1.1 Recognition of Real and Imaginary Parts

Unit 1 Complex Numbers 2 Mathematics 11

1.1.2

1.1.3
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 3 Mathematics 11

1.1.4
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 4 Mathematics 11

1.1.5

y
4
3
B(–2, 2) A(3, 2)
2
1
xʹ x
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
C(–3, –2) D(2, –2)
–3
–4
yʹ

y
A (x, y)

y
xʹ x
O x M

yʹ
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 5 Mathematics 11

EXERCISE 1.1
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 6 Mathematics 11
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 7 Mathematics 11

y
4
3
3 + 2i
2
1
xʹ x
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
–1
–2
–3 – 2i
–3
–4
yʹ

EXERCISE 1.2
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 8 Mathematics 11
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 9 Mathematics 11
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 10 Mathematics 11
Key Concept
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 11 Mathematics 11

EXERCISE 1.3
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 12 Mathematics 11

Note:
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 13 Mathematics 11

EXERCISE 1.4
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 14 Mathematics 11

90°
π
2
5°
13 3π

45
π

°
4 4
P(
r, θ)
r
θ
1 2 3 4 0 0°
0°
Polar axis

5π 7π
4 4 5°

22
31

5°
3π
2
270°

y Rectangular coordinate Polar coordinate

P(r, θ)
P(x, y)
r

θ
O x
O Polar axis

P 5, π4
5
r=

π
4
O Polar axis
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 15 Mathematics 11

π
4
θ=0
π
Q –5,
4

Note:

1.4.1 Polar Coordinate System of a Complex Number

y
A (r, θ)

y = r sin θ

θ
O x = r cos θ M x

Note:

Note:
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 16 Mathematics 11
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 17 Mathematics 11
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 18 Mathematics 11
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 19 Mathematics 11

X = (XL) – (XC)
Z

R
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 20 Mathematics 11

EXERCISE 1.5
Unit 1 Complex Numbers 21 Mathematics 11