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Number systems

Number systems are mathematical frameworks used to express numbers in various forms, including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systems. Each system has unique properties and conversion rules, allowing numbers to be transformed from one system to another. The document outlines the steps for converting between these systems, providing examples for clarity.

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4 views

Number systems

Number systems are mathematical frameworks used to express numbers in various forms, including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systems. Each system has unique properties and conversion rules, allowing numbers to be transformed from one system to another. The document outlines the steps for converting between these systems, providing examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

samiasohail029
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number systems are systems in mathematics that are used to

express numbers in various forms and are understood by


computers. A number is a mathematical value used for counting
and measuring objects, and for performing arithmetic calculations.
Numbers have various categories like natural numbers, whole
numbers, rational and irrational numbers, and so on. Similarly,
there are various types of number systems that have different
properties, like the binary number system, the octal number
system, the decimal number system, and the hexadecimal
number system.

What are Number Systems?


A number system is a system representing numbers. It is also called the
system of numeration and it defines a set of values to represent a quantity.
These numbers are used as digits and the most common ones are 0 and 1,
that are used to represent binary numbers. Digits from 0 to 9 are used to
represent other types of number systems.

Types of Number Systems


There are different types of number systems in which the four main types are
as follows.

 Binary number system (Base - 2)


 Octal number system (Base - 8)
 Decimal number system (Base - 10)
 Hexadecimal number system (Base - 16)

We will study each of these systems one by one in detail after going through
the following number system chart.

Conversion Rules of Number Systems


A number can be converted from one number system to another number
system using number system formulas. Like binary numbers can be converted
to octal numbers and vice versa, octal numbers can be converted to decimal
numbers and vice versa, and so on. Let us see the steps required in
converting number systems.

Steps for Conversion of Binary to Decimal Number System

To convert a number from the binary to the decimal system, we use the
following steps.

 Step 1: Multiply each digit of the given number, starting from the rightmost
digit, with the exponents of the base.
 Step 2: The exponents should start with 0 and increase by 1 every time we
move from right to left.
 Step 3: Simplify each of the above products and add them.

Let us understand the steps with the help of the following example in which
we need to convert a number from binary to decimal number system.

Example: Convert 1001112 into the decimal system.

100111 = (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20)

= (1 × 32) + (0 × 16) + (0 × 8) + (1 × 4) + (1 × 2) + (1 × 1)

= 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1

= 39

Thus, 1001112 = 3910.

Conversion of Decimal Number System to Binary / Octal /


Hexadecimal Number System

To convert a number from the decimal number system to a


binary/octal/hexadecimal number system, we use the following steps. The
steps are shown on how to convert a number from the decimal system to the
octal system.

Example: Convert 432010 into the octal system.

Solution:
Step 1: Identify the base of the required number. Since we have to convert
the given number into the octal system, the base of the required number is 8.

Step 2: Divide the given number by the base of the required number and note
down the quotient and the remainder in the quotient-remainder form. Repeat
this process (dividing the quotient again by the base) until we get the quotient
less than the base.
Step 3: The given number in the octal number system is obtained just by
reading all the remainders and the last quotient from bottom to top.

Therefore, 432010 = 103408


Conversion from One Number System to Another Number System

To convert a number from one of the binary/octal/hexadecimal systems to one


of the other systems, we first convert it into the decimal system, and then we
convert it to the required systems by using the above-mentioned processes.

Example: Convert 10101111002 to the hexadecimal system.

Solution:
Step 1: Convert this number to the decimal number system as explained in
the above process.

Thus, 10101111002 = 70010 → (1)

Step 2: Convert the above number (which is in the decimal system), into the
required number system (hexadecimal).

Here, we have to convert 70010 into the hexadecimal system using the above-
mentioned process. It should be noted that in the hexadecimal system, the
numbers 11 and 12 are written as B and C respectively.
Thus, 70010 = 2BC16 → (2)
From the equations (1) and (2), 10101111002 = 2BC16

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