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Mathematics_Study_Notes

The document provides comprehensive mathematics study notes covering key concepts and tricks for various topics including arithmetic operations, fractions, percentages, ratios, sequences, scientific notation, geometry, probability, exponents, and linear equations. Each section includes examples to illustrate the concepts and methods for solving problems. The notes serve as a useful reference for understanding fundamental mathematical principles and operations.

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koti.aanya
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3 views

Mathematics_Study_Notes

The document provides comprehensive mathematics study notes covering key concepts and tricks for various topics including arithmetic operations, fractions, percentages, ratios, sequences, scientific notation, geometry, probability, exponents, and linear equations. Each section includes examples to illustrate the concepts and methods for solving problems. The notes serve as a useful reference for understanding fundamental mathematical principles and operations.

Uploaded by

koti.aanya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics Study Notes

Arithmetic Operations and Order of Operations


Key Concepts:

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS).

Tricks:

Always perform calculations inside parentheses first.

Exponents and roots come next, followed by multiplication and division (left to right), and
finally addition and subtraction (left to right).

Example:

2+3×4÷2-1

First, calculate 3 × 4 = 12

Then, 12 ÷ 2 = 6

Next, 2 + 6 = 8

Finally, 8 - 1 = 7

Answer: 7

Fractions and Decimals


Key Concepts:

Simplifying fractions, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions.

Converting between fractions and decimals.

Tricks:

To add or subtract fractions, find a common denominator.

To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators and denominators.

To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocal.

For decimal operations, align the decimal points.

Example:
3/4 + 1/3

Common denominator: 12

3/4 = 9/12, 1/3 = 4/12

9/12 + 4/12 = 13/12 = 1 1/12

Percentages
Key Concepts:

Calculating percentages, percentage increase/decrease.

Converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages.

Tricks:

Percentage to decimal: Divide by 100.

Decimal to percentage: Multiply by 100.

Use the formula: New Price = Original Price × (1 - Discount Rate)

Example:

20% of $80

0.20 × 80 = 16

Discounted price: 80 - 16 = 64

Ratios and Proportions


Key Concepts:

Understanding ratios and setting up proportions.

Solving for an unknown in a proportion.

Tricks:

Cross-multiply to solve proportions.

Simplify ratios before solving.

Example:

The ratio of male to female puppies is 3:1, with 48 puppies total.

3x + x = 48

4x = 48
x = 12

Number of female puppies: 12

Sequences and Series


Key Concepts:

Identifying arithmetic and geometric sequences.

Finding the nth term of a sequence.

Tricks:

Arithmetic sequence: an = a1 + (n-1)d

Geometric sequence: an = a1 × r^(n-1)

Example:

Sequence: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32...

Each term is multiplied by 2.

7th term: 2 × 2^6 = 128

Scientific Notation
Key Concepts:

Expressing large or small numbers in scientific notation.

Performing operations with scientific notation.

Tricks:

Move the decimal point to get a number between 1 and 10.

Count the number of places moved; this is the exponent of 10.

Example:

2500 in scientific notation: 2.5 × 10^3

Geometry
Key Concepts:

Calculating perimeter, area, and volume of geometric shapes.

Understanding properties of different shapes.

Tricks:
Perimeter of a rectangle: 2(l + w)

Area of a rectangle: l × w

Volume of a rectangular prism: l × w × h

Example:

A rectangle with width 8 inches and length 75% more than the width.

Length: 8 × 1.75 = 14

Perimeter: 2(8 + 14) = 44 inches

Probability and Statistics


Key Concepts:

Calculating probabilities of events.

Understanding mean, median, mode, and range.

Tricks:

Probability: P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes

Mean: Sum of all values divided by the number of values.

Example:

Probability of picking a blue card from 2 red and 3 blue cards.

Total cards: 5

Blue cards: 3

Probability: 3/5

Exponents and Roots


Key Concepts:

Understanding and applying the laws of exponents.

Simplifying expressions with exponents and roots.

Tricks:

a^m × a^n = a^(m+n)

√(a^2) = a

Example:
Evaluate: 4^3

4 × 4 × 4 = 64

Linear Equations and Inequalities


Key Concepts:

Solving linear equations and inequalities.

Understanding slope-intercept form y = mx + b

Tricks:

Isolate the variable on one side of the equation.

Check the solution by substituting it back into the original equation.

Example:

Solve 3x - 5 = 10

Add 5 to both sides: 3x = 15

Divide by 3: x = 5

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