Assessment Cover Sheet

Assessment Title Lab. Assignment 2

Due Date 12 December 2024 Course Code EN6801

Course Title Building Construction

Internal Moderator’s Name Engr. Jimmy Nebrida

External Examiner’s Name Dr. Arun Arjunan

Instructions:

1. This cover sheet must be completed (section in blue below) and attached to your assessment
before submission.
2. The time allowed for this assessment is 30 days.
3. This assessment carries 100 marks (25% of total Course Grade) distributed to a total of 7 tasks
assessing CILO 3.
4. The use of generative AI tools is strictly prohibited.
5. References consulted must be properly acknowledged and cited.
6. The assessment has a total of 6 pages.

Learner ID 202303476 Date Submitted

Learner Name Asma Buali

Programme Code ENT8080

Programme Title Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Civil)

Lecturer’s Name Leo Victor

By submitting this assessment for marking, I affirm that this assessment is my own work.

Learner Signature
Do not write beyond this line. For assessor use only.

Assessor’s Name

Marking Date Marks Obtained

Comments:
SYNOPSIS
The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
superstructure elements and finishes for a single-storey domestic building in
Budaiya, as part of the training program at Al Moayed Contracting Company.
The main objective of this report is to find considerations and best practices
applicable to the construction and finishing of residential structures. Information
has been collected through literature review, site visits, and consultations with
experienced engineers and contractors.
The findings indicate that the selection of appropriate materials and structural
systems is rather important in ensuring a durable and aesthetically pleasing
building. Major elements analyzed include load-bearing walls, beams, and
roofing systems, with an emphasis on adherence to local building codes and
Budaiya-specific environmental conditions. Additionally, the report talks to
various finishes that include external cladding, insulation, and internal finishes,
and their respective impacts on energy efficiency and quality.
The approach to superstructure elements and finishes should be well-planned to
make the residential project successful. The understanding developed through
this assignment will not only add to my practical knowledge as a trainee civil
engineer but also the importance of teamwork and learning continuously within
the construction industry.
INTRODUCTION
The design and construction of superstructure elements and finishes in a one-
storey residential building are essential factors that significantly influence the
safety, longevity, and visual attractiveness of
the home. This task is important because it enables trainees like me to acquire a
thorough understanding of the different factors involved in superstructure constr
uction, especially regarding a residential building in Budaiya, where both archite
ctural and climatic factors are important.

The main goals of this assignment are to become familiar with

the various types of superstructure components, including walls, roofs, and floor
s, and to investigate the materials and finishes that enhance both the building’s o
verall functionality and aesthetic appeal. Moreover, grasping effective methods i
n building practices, thermal and sound insulation, and adherence to local constr
uction codes is essential for guaranteeing the project's success. By accomplishin
g these goals, I intend to improve my
practical understanding and abilities, which are essential for
my career advancement as a civil engineer. This understanding will aid not just i
n fulfilling the
project specifications but also in guaranteeing the sustainability and effectivenes
s of the construction procedure.
RSEARCH
Superstructure Elements:
Load-Bearing Walls: These walls hold up the roof and upper levels and
are typically constructed from masonry or reinforced concrete. To guarantee
stability, they need to be uniquely designed to withstand lateral
forces in addition to vertical loads.
1. Material Selection: Concrete blocks, clay bricks, or lightweight blocks (such
as aerated concrete blocks) are the most often used materials for residential
walls in Bahrain. Every material has unique tensile, acoustic, and thermal
characteristics. Lightweight materials with strong thermal insulation qualities
are frequently chosen in hot areas like Bahrain.
2. Non-Load-Bearing vs. Load-Bearing Walls: Since load-bearing
walls hold up the structure above (such as the roof and upper levels), recogniz
ing them promptly is crucial. The primary role of non-load-bearing walls is to
create divisions.
3. Waterproofing and Damp-proofing: Take into account applying
waterproofing solutions to walls, especially in kitchens, bathrooms, and other
locations where moisture buildup is likely to occur.
Finishes:
1. Wall Finishes: Plaster, paint, or wallpaper can be applied to interior walls.
External finishes that offer both aesthetic appeal and weather durability
include stone cladding, brick, or plaster.

2. Ceiling finishes: You can improve the sound insulation and appearance of
your space by using options like suspended ceilings or plasterboard.

3. Floor Finishes: Popular options that are long-lasting and low maintenance
include
ceramic tiles, laminate, and hardwood floors.

Design Principles:
1. Functionality: Make sure areas are planned for their intended purpose, taking
airflow and natural light into account.

2. Aesthetics: The design must honor local architectural styles and integrate
nicely with the environment.

3. Sustainability: Utilize environmentally friendly materials and energy-efficient

designs to reduce the environmental impact.

Material Choices:
It is essential to choose materials according to their performance, cost, and
availability. Local resources, for example, can lower shipping costs and improve
sustainability.
BLOCK WORKS-Group
1. Selection of Block Sizes, Strengths, and Shapes
The first stage of block laying is choosing the right blocks that meet with the
design and structural requirements. Important things to think about are:
Block Sizes: Standard sizes such as 400mm x 200mm x 200mm are commonly
used, but variations may be selected based on design needs.

2. Construction Methods and Techniques

The construction process involves several key steps:
Step1: make the layout and ensure the ground is prepared.
Step2: Prepare a suitable mortar mix (Cement, Sand) for bonding
the blocks.
Step3: Mark the first layer of concrete blocks, considering block
height plus mortar thickness (1:3 ratio).

Step4: Align the first layer block with the nylon line and check
levels.

Step5: Fill in mortar on top of the first layer, lay subsequent the
second layer in stretcher bond formation, checking level and
alignment.
Step6: Repeat step 5 until the last layer is complete then remove
excess mortar in preparation for plastering.

Step7: Apply a rough plaster coat using a roughcast machine, then

start from the bottom and work upward. Wait 24 hours for the
coat to dry.

Step8: Apply a base coat plaster (9 mm thick) Level it using an

aluminum screed and leave to dry.
 Step9: Apply a 2–3 mm thick neat plaster finishing coat. Use a steel
float for a smooth finish.

3. Workshop Facilities and Equipment

I. Workshop Facilities: A designated area for mixing mortar, storing blocks,
and conducting the block laying process.
II. Equipment: Essential tools include trowels, levels and measuring tapes.

4. Health and Safety Considerations

I. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
II. Gloves to prevent cuts and abrasions.
III. Steel-toed boots to protect feet from heavy blocks.

Workshop Safety:
I. Ensuring the workshop is well-lit and free from tripping hazards.
II. Regularly checking that tools and equipment are in good working condition.
For safe operating procedures keep the work area clean
and organized to minimize accidents.
DISSCUSION
1. Detailed Reference Drawings of 3 Blocks x 6-Layer

1.2m
Sand [3 parts]

Cement [1 part]
1.2m

Water [proportional]

Blocks [ 18pcs]
0.2m

0.4m

Block Arrangement:
Each block measures 400mm x 200mm x 200mm.
The wall will involve of 3-4 blocks in width and 6 layers in height.

Schematic Drawing Description:

- Layer 1: Blocks laid horizontally with mortar joints.
- Layer 2: Staggered alignment, offset by half a block
length.
- Layers 3-6: Maintain a constant mortar joint by
adhering to the same staggered pattern.
2. List of Tools and Equipment Used:
Hand Tools:
 Brick hammer (for adjusting block positions)
 Level (for ensuring straightness and alignment)
 Trowles(for applying mortar )
 Brick laying tool
 Concrete shovel ( for mixing the sand and the cement )

Safety Equipment:
 Gloves
 Steel-toed boots
 Hard hats (if required)
 PPE

Mortar:
Ingredients for mortar mix:
- Cement: Approximately 1 basket
- Sand: Approximately 3 basket (for mixing with cement)
- Water: Sufficient to achieve a workable
consistency

Finishing Materials:
- Plastering

CONCLUSIONS
I have learned a lot about the essential components and best practices for the
superstructure and finishes of a single-story residential building in Budaiya
during my time working as a trainee civil engineer at Al Moayed Contracting
Company. I've discovered that choosing the right materials and guaranteeing
energy efficiency require an awareness of the local climate, especially its heat
and humidity. For instance, to lower heat gain and enhance indoor comfort,
thermal insulation for walls and roofs as well as energy-efficient windows are
important.
I also saw how important it is to follow building codes and keep quality control
while construction is going. To guarantee long-term performance and aesthetics,
careful consideration was given to drainage systems, waterproofing, and the use
of long-lasting finishes like ceramic tiles or premium paint. To avoid delays and
guarantee the project moves forward without problems coordination with
builders and architects is essential. All things considered, my experiences have
shown me that careful preparation, material selection, and site-specific
considerations are necessary to produce a high-quality residential project that
satisfies customer expectations and regulatory requirements.
To achieve a good residential building, superstructure elements and finishing
must be carefully designed. As a trainee civil engineer, the knowledge I have
learned from this assignment not only improves my practical understanding but
also emphasizes the value of teamwork and ongoing education in the
construction sector.

REFERENCES
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diagram-of-concrete-masonry-block-wall-sample-
CB1-13_fig9_320736253

https://www.readymix.sa/en/hollow-concrete-blocks-saudi-arabia-
article#google_vignette

https://www.wikihow.com/Lay-Concrete-Blocks

https://issuu.com/camsassociate/docs/building_materials.docx

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