SAFETY DATA SHEET

Lead SDS DATE: 12/12/2022

SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME: Lead or Lead Alloy

CHEMISTRY TERM: Pb
SYNONYM: Soft lead, Antimonal lead

MANUFACTURER: Terrapure BR Ltd.

ADDRESS: 1333 Tonolli Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4Y 4C2

PHONE: 905-279-9555
CANUTEC PHONE: 1-613-996-6666
FAX PHONE: 905-896-3415

CHEMICAL NAME: Metal

PRODUCT USE: Used in manufacturing of batteries, communication cable, paints, pigments, chemicals, solders, & ammunition.

SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Health Environmental

Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements

DANGER! Wash thoroughly after handling.
Acute Toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
category 4 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing, eye protection/face protection and
Reproductive toxicity, category 1A respirator with appropriate protection factor.
May damage fertility or the unborn child if Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
ingested or inhaled. Avoid contaminating air and water.
May cause cancer if ingested or inhaled.
Causes damage to central nervous system,
blood and kidneys through prolonged or
repeated exposure.
Health Environmental
Acute Toxicity Category 4 Acute Aquatic Category 1
(Oral/Dermal/Inhalation) Chronic Aquatic Category 1
Reproductive Category 1A
Carcinogenicity (lead compounds) Category 1B
Specific Target Organ Toxicity Category 1A
(repeated exposure) Category 2

Very hazardous in cases of ingestion and inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact.

INHALTION/INGESTION: Inhalation or ingestion of lead or fumes may result in headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal spasms, fatigue, sleep
disturbance, weight loss, anemia leg, arm, and joint pain. Prolong exposure may also cause central nervous system damage (e.g. fatigue,
tremors, hypertension, hallucination, convulsion, delirium), gastrointestinal disturbances, anemia, wrist drop, and kidney dysfunction. Pregnant
women should be protected from excessive exposure to prevent lead crossing the placental barrier and causing infant neurological disorders.

SKIN CONTACT: Direct skin or eye contact may cause irritation

CARCINOGEN: Lead is classified as Category 2 WHMIS 2015, Group 2B carcinogen by international Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and
the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA)

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 SAFETY DATA SHEET
Lead SDS DATE: 12/12/2022
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY: Category 1A, toxic to the reproductive function, toxic to the development. Arsenic is classified as class 1 to
humans. Sufficient evidence of Carcinogenicity.

SECTION 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

INGREDIENT: CAS NO. % WT OSHA PEL ACGIH NIOSH REL

Lead (Pure/Soft)
Lead 7439-92-1 99-99.97 50 µg/m3 150µg/m3 100µg/m3

Lead (Antimonal)
Lead 7439-92-1 93-98.5 50 µg/m3 150µg/m3 100µg/m3

Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.05-0.5 10 µg/m3 0.01 mg/m3 0.02 mg/m3

Antimony 7440-36-0 1.5-5 0.5 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3

Tin 7440-31-5 0.05-1 0.1 µg/m3 2 mg/m3 2 mg/m3

SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES

EYES: Flush with water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and promptly wash affected area with soap and water

INGESTION: If victim is conscious, seek medical attention immediately, dilute stomach contents with water or milk and induce vomiting under
medical direction.

INHALATION: Remove from exposure area to fresh air. Support breathing and administer oxygen, if required seek medical attention immediately.

SECTION 5: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

FLAMMABLE/COMBUSTIBLE PROPERTIES: This product does not present fire or explosion hazards as shipped. Small chips, turnings, dusts
and fines from processing may be readily ignitable.

FLASH POINT: N/A

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: CO2, foam, & dry chemical. Avoid breathing vapors. Use appropriate media for surrounding fire.

NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: HEALTH: 2 FLAMMABILITY: 0 REACTIVITY: 0

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with
full face piece operated in the pressure demand or positive pressure mode.

HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: Heating to decomposition may release fumes of lead.

UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS:

May be a potential hazard under the following conditions:
• Dusts or fines in contact with certain metal oxides Contact with disodium acetylide, chlorine trifluoride, or fused ammonium nitrate may
result in explosion.
• Molten metal in contact with water/moisture or other metal oxides. Moisture entrapped my molten metal can be explosive. Contact of molten
lead with other metal oxides can initiate a thermite reaction.

SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Stop releases, if possible. Avoid contact with any spilled material. Contain spill, isolate area and avoid
entry. Return spill to process and dispose of contaminated material as per regulations. Protective equipment, gloves, and respirators should be
worn when exposure to hazardous levels of lead, fumes or dust. Lead and its compounds can pose a severe threat to the environment.
Contamination of water and air should be prevented.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING AND STORAGE: Store lead in a dry place away from incompatible material. Lead ingots suspected of containing
moisture should be THOROUGHLY DRIED before added to a molten bath. Ingots may contain cavities that collect moisture. Entrained moisture
will expand explosively when immersed in molten bath.

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Good personal hygiene and work practices are mandatory. Refrain from eating, drinking or smoking in work area

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 SAFETY DATA SHEET
Lead SDS DATE: 12/12/2022

SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use local exhaust when PEL is exceeded.

VENTILATION: Use adequate or local ventilation located at the source so as to remove the fumes, dust and vapor. Local exhaust is
recommended for melting, casting, welding, grinding, flame cutting or burning and use of lead dust.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Use of approved respiratory mask is warranted where concentration of fume, dust and vapor in the air exceed
exposure standards.

EYE PROTECTION: Safety glasses/face shield/full face respirator should be worn in the presence of dust generated from the melting process.

SKIN PROTECTION: Safety gloves should be worn to avoid direct hand contact with lead, so as to avoid transferring contaminant into mouth
(ingestion). Work clothes should cover body. Soiled work clothes should be washed within the work premises. To prevent contamination do not
wear work clothes outside the work area. Contaminated clothing should be changed and laundered before reuse. Inform laundry personnel of
contaminant hazard. Workers should not take dirty contaminated clothes home and launder them.

WORK HYGIENIC PRACTICES: Proper hygiene methods should be used when treating and storing lead. It should be forbidden to eat, drink or
smoke in these areas. Workers who have direct contact with lead should thoroughly wash their hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking.
Do not bite fingernails. Fingernails should be cleaned while washing hands.

EXPOSURE LIMITS:

*Chemical & Common Name OSHA PEL ACGIH US NIOSH Quebec PEV Ontario OEL EU OEL

Lead and Lead Compounds (inorganic) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 (b)

Antimony 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 (b,e)

Arsenic 0.01 0.01 0.01

Tin 2 2 2

SECTION 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

BOILING POINT: 1725°C

MELTING POINT: 327°C

SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Insoluble

EVAPORATION RATE: N/A

FLAMMABILITY: Non-Flammable

VAPOUR PRESSURE (mm Hg): Negligible at 20° C

DENSITY: 11.36

pH AS SUPPLIED: N/A

PHYSICAL STATE: Solid

DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE: None

APPEARANCE: Malleable, bluish-white to silver-gray solid metal

ODOUR: No odour

SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

STABILITY: Stable X Unstable ___

This product is stable under normal conditions at ambient temperature.

CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Incompatible materials, excess heat.

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 SAFETY DATA SHEET
Lead SDS DATE: 12/12/2022

INCOMPATIBILITIES (MATERIALS TO AVOID): Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Incompatible with sodium carbide, chlorine
trifluoride, trioxane + hydrogen peroxide, ammonium nitrate, sodium azide, disodium acetylide, sodium acetylide, hot concentrated nitric acid, hot
concentrated hydrochloric acid, hot concentrated sulfuric acid, and zirconium.

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur

SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Under normal conditions of use, this product does not present a health hazard.
ROUTES OF ENTRY:
Absorbed through skin. Inhalation. Ingestion.

INHALATION:
In an industrial setting, exposure to lead mainly occurs from inhalation of dust or fumes.
Lead dust or fumes: Can irritate the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat) as well as the bronchi and lungs by mechanical action. Lead dust can be
absorbed through the respiratory system. However, inhaled lead does not accumulate in the lungs. All of an inhaled dose is eventually absorbed
or transferred to the gastrointestinal tract.
Inhalation effects of exposure to fumes or dust of inorganic lead may not develop quickly. Symptoms may include metallic taste, chest pain,
decreased physical fitness, fatigue, sleep disturbance, headache, irritability, reduced memory, mood and personality changes, aching bones and
muscles, constipation, abdominal pains, decreasing appetite. Inhalation of large amounts may lead to ataxia, delirium, convulsions/seizures,
coma, and death.
Lead metal foil, shot, or sheets: Not an inhalation hazard unless metal is heated. If metal is heated, fumes may be released. Inhalation of these
fumes may cause "fume metal fever", which is characterized by flu-like symptoms.
Symptoms may include metallic taste, fever, nausea, vomiting, chills, cough, weakness, chest pain, generalized muscle pain/aches, and increased
white blood cell count.

INGESTION:
Lead metal granules or dust: The symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain or cramps (lead colic), spasms, nausea, vomiting,
headache, muscle weakness, hallucinations, distorted perceptions, "lead line" on the gums, metallic taste, loss of appetite, insomnia, dizziness
and other symptoms similar to that of inhalation. Acute poisoning may result in high lead levels in the blood and urine, shock, coma and death in
extreme cases.
Lead metal foil, shot or sheets: Not an ingestion hazard for usual industrial handling.

SKIN CONTACT:
Lead metal granules or dust: May cause skin rash / irritation by mechanical action.
Lead metal foil, shot or sheets: Not likely to cause skin irritation

EYE CONTACT:
Lead metal granules or dust: Can irritate eyes by mechanical action.
Lead metal foil, shot or sheets: No hazard. Will not cause eye irritation.

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - ACUTE:

Symptoms of toxicity include headache, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, muscular aches and weakness, sleep disturbances and
irritability.

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE - CHRONIC:

Anemia; neuropathy, particularly of the motor nerves, with wrist drop; kidney damage; reproductive changes in males and females. Repeated
exposure to lead and lead compounds in the workplace may result in nervous system toxicity. Some toxicologists report abnormal conduction
velocities in persons with blood lead levels of 50 μg/100 ml or higher. Heavy lead exposure may result in central nervous system damage,
encephalopathy and damage to the blood-forming (hematopoietic) tissues.

CARCINOGENICITY:
Lead is listed by IARC as a Group 2A - likely in animals at extreme doses. Per the guidance found in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix F, this is
approximately equivalent to GHS Category 1B.
Proof of carcinogenicity in humans is lacking at present.

MEDICAL CONDITIONS GENERALLY AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE:

Lead and its compounds can aggravate some forms of kidney, liver and neurologic diseases.

ACUTE TOXICITY:
LD50 oral rat > 2000 mg/kg body weight (Rat; Weight of evidence)
LD50 dermal rat > 2000 mg/kg body weight (Rat; Experimental value; OECD 402: Acute Dermal Toxicity)
ATE US (oral) 500,000 mg/kg body weight
ATE US (gases) 4500,000 ppmV/4h
ATE US (vapors) 11,000 mg/l/4h
ATE US (dust, mist) 1,500 mg/l/4h

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 SAFETY DATA SHEET
Lead SDS DATE: 12/12/2022

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Lead metal is not considered to be acutely toxic. It is not easily inhaled or ingested, and if it is accidentally
ingested normally passes through the gastrointestinal system without significant absorption into the body. Lead is not easily absorbed through the
skin.

SECTION 11 NOTES:
Additional Health Data:
All heavy metals, including the hazardous ingredients in this product, are taken into the body primarily by inhalation and ingestion. Most inhalation
problems can be avoided by adequate precautions such as ventilation and respiratory protection covered in Section 8. Follow good personal
hygiene to avoid inhalation and ingestion: wash hands, face, neck and arms thoroughly before eating, smoking or leaving the work site. Keep
contaminated clothing out of non-contaminated areas, or wear cover clothing when in such areas. Restrict the use and presence of food, tobacco
and cosmetics to non-contaminated areas. Work clothes and work equipment used in contaminated areas must remain in designated areas and
never taken home or laundered with personal non-contaminated clothing. This product is intended for industrial use only and should be isolated
from children and their environment.

SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION: Lead is very persistent in soil and sediments. No data on environmental degradation. Mobility of metallic lead
between ecological compartments is slow. Bioaccumulation of lead occurs in aquatic and terrestrial animals and plants but little bioaccumulation
occurs through the food chain. Most studies include lead compounds and not elemental lead.

BOD5 and COD: Not available.

Products of Biodegradation: Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may
arise.

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.

SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, provincial and local environmental control regulations. Do
not dump into any sewer, on the ground, or into any body of water. All disposal practices must be in compliance with applicable laws and
regulations. Following local, State/Provincial, and Federal/National regulations applicable to end-of-life characteristics will be the responsibility of
the end-user.

SECTION 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

PROPER SHIPPING NAME: ENVIRONMENTALY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (LEAD)

HAZARD CLASS: 9
ID NUMBER: UN3077
PACKING GROUP: III
LABELS: Miscellaneous

SECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION

CANADA WHMIS Classification (CPR, SOR/88-66): Carcinogenicity, Reproductive toxicity, Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure.

HMIS RATINGS: Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Physical: 0

NFPA RATINGS: Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Instability: 0

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Gloves, Lab coat, Dust respirator. Safety glasses. Be sure to use an approved / certified respirator or equivalent.
Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate.

CANADIAN DOMESTIC SUBSTANCES LIST (DSL): All ingredients are listed.

CANADIAN NPRI INGREDIENT DISCLOSURE LIST (LIMIT 0.1%): none of the ingredients are listed

CANADIAN NPRI INGREDIENT DISCLOSURE LIST (LIMIT 1%): none of the ingredients are listed

REGULATION (EC) NO 1272/2008 (CLP): Carcinogenicity, category 2, Reproductive toxicity, category 2, Specific target organ toxicity - repeated
exposure, category 2, Hazardous to the aquatic environment - acute hazard, category 1, Hazardous to the aquatic environment - chronic hazard,
category 1.

Listed on the United States TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) inventory
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 SAFETY DATA SHEET
Lead SDS DATE: 12/12/2022

Listed on United States SARA Section 313

Not listed on the United States SARA Section 313

SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION

PREPARATION INFORMATION: Tonolli Canada Health & Safety Department

DISCLAIMER: This information is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, TONOLLI
CANADA makes no warranty, expressed or implied with respect to such information and we assume no liability from its use. Although reasonable
precautions have been taken in the preparation of the data contained herein, it is offered solely for your information, consideration and
investigation.

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