Scribd
Upload
15 views

Unit 2 HL Atomic Structure Packet

The document covers the quantized nature of energy transitions related to electrons in atoms, emphasizing the significance of emission spectra and ionization energy. It includes understandings of ionization energy trends, applications of calculations, and guidance for using relevant formulas. Additionally, it features exercises on energy calculations and the ionization process for various elements.

Uploaded by

cherrybriecheese
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

Unit 2 HL Atomic Structure Packet

The document covers the quantized nature of energy transitions related to electrons in atoms, emphasizing the significance of emission spectra and ionization energy. It includes understandings of ionization energy trends, applications of calculations, and guidance for using relevant formulas. Additionally, it features exercises on energy calculations and the ionization process for various elements.

Uploaded by

cherrybriecheese
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Chemistry IBH1 Name:………………………………………………….

12.1-Electrons in atoms
Essential Idea: The quantized nature of energy transitions is related to the energy states of electrons in
atoms and molecules.

Nature of Science:
• Experimental evidence to support theories—emission spectra provide for the evidence of energy
levels. (1.8)

Understandings:
• In an emission spectrum, the limit of convergence at higher frequency corresponds to the first
ionization energy.
• Trends in first ionization energy across periods account for the existence of main energy levels
and sub-levels in atoms.
• Successive ionization energy data for an element give information that shows relations to electron
configurations.
Applications and Skills:
• Solving problems using E = hv
• Calculation of the value of the first ionization energy from spectral data which gives the
wavelength or frequency of the convergence limit.
• Deduction of the group of an element from its successive ionization energy data.
• Explanation of the trends and discontinuities in first ionization energy across a period.
Guidance:
• The value of Planck’s constant (h) and E = hv are given in the data booklet in sections 1 and 2.
• Use of the Rydberg formula is not expected in calculations of ionization of energy.

Utilization:
• Electron microscopy has led to many advances in biology, such as the ultrastructure of cells and
viruses.
• The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) uses a stylus of a single atom to scan a surface and
provide a 3-D image at the atomic level.
Readings: Chemistry: Course Companion
• Pages 291-299
IB Chemistry Worksheet: 12.1 Electrons in Atoms HL

Part A: Light and the Convergence Limit


1) Determine the energy, in J, of a photon of red light, expressed to 4 significant digits, given that
the wavelength = 650.0 nm.

2) Without drawing any circles, illustrate using a labelled diagram the ionization process for the
hydrogen atom.

3) In an emission spectrum, the limit _____________ at higher frequency corresponds to the first
______________________.

4) Calculate the first ionization energy, in kJ mol-1 for hydrogen, provided that its shortest
wavelength in the Lyman Series is 91.16 nm.

5) Hydrogen has a first ionization energy of 1312 kJ mol-1. Calculate the wavelength (nm) for the
limit of convergence observed in the line spectrum.

6) The convergence limit for helium is measured at 50.5 nm. Calculate the first ionization energy of
helium in kJ mol-1.
7) In the space provided below, draw two different diagrams to show the concept of convergence.
On each one, label where convergence occurs. Then show the process of ionization on each one.

Diagram 1

Diagram 2

Part B: Ionization Energy

4) (a) Use the Aufbau principle to write the electron configuration of an atom of germanium.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The successive ionization energies of germanium are shown in the following table:

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th


Ionization energy
/ 760 1540 3300 4390 8950
kJ mol–1

(i) Identify the sub-level from which the electron is removed when the first ionization energy of
germanium is measured.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the process occurring when measuring the
second ionization energy of germanium.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Explain why the difference between the 4th and 5th ionization energies is much greater than
the difference between any two other successive values.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5) Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth’s crust. The successive ionization
energies of the element are shown below.

a) Explain the general increase in successive ionization energies of the element.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain the large increase between the tenth and eleventh ionization energies.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6) As you go across the second row elements in the periodic table and examine their first
ionization values some trends are noticeable.

a) Explain why as go across a period, IE’s tend to increase.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Although the general trend across a period is an increase in IE, there is evidence of some
discontinuity.

i) Explain why the IE for oxygen is lower than for nitrogen.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Explain why the IE for boron is lower than for beryllium.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

You might also like