QUESTION BANK

CLASS XIL HIGHACHIEVERS

CHAPTER: 1 SOLUTIONS

MCQ
0.1 The value of Henry's constant KH (CBSE 2023)

(a) increases with decrease in temperature.

(b) decreases with increase in temperature.
(c) increases with increase in temperature.
(d) remains constant.
Ans:- c

Q.2 Which of the following salt will have same value of Van't Hoff's factor as that ofK [Fe (CN)]
(a) Al(SO,), (b) NaCl (c) Al(NO,), (d) Na.SO,
Ans:- a

Q.3 Which has highest freezing point:

(a) 1 M Glucose (b) 1M NaCl
(c) 1M CaCl: (d) 1 M AIF3

Ans:- a

Q.4 Sprinkling ofsalt helps in clearing the snow-covered roads in hils. The phenomenon involved in
the process is

(a) lowering in vapour pressure of snow

(b) depression in freezing point of snow
(c) melting of ice due to increase in temperature by putting salt
(d) increase in freezing point of snow
Ans:- b

Q.5 Osmotic pressure ofa solution is 0.0821 atm at a temperature of 300 K. The
concentration in mole /litre will be

(a) 0.33 (b) 0.67 (c) 0.3 x 10 (d) 3

Ans:- c
Solution:- Osmotic Pressure, I= CRT
C=n/RT = 0.0821/0.0821 x 300
=0.3 x 10

The rise in the boiling point of a solution containing 1.8 gram of glucose in 100 g of asolvent in
0.1°C. The molal elevation constant of the liquid is
Q.6 (a) 0.01 K/m (b) 0.1 K/m (c) 10 K/m (d) 1K/m
Ans:- d

M, = 1000 x K, x W/AT, x W,
K,= AT, x W, x M,/ 1000 x W,
=0.1 x 100 x 180 / 1000 x 1.8
=| K/m
Q.7 In which of the following cases blood cells will shrink? (CBSE Sample Paper 1
2022)

(a) When placed in water containing more than 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl
solution.
(b) When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass/ volume) NaCl
solution.
(c) When placed in water containing 0.9% (mass/ volume) NaCl solution.
(d) When placed in distilled water.
Ans:- a

Q.8 Which of thefollowing solutions shows positive deviation from Raoult's law? 1
(a) Acetone +Aniline (b) Acetone + Ethanol
(c) Water + Nitric acid (d) Chloroform + Benzene
Ans:- b

Q.9 The osmotic pressure of a solution can be increased by

(a) increasing the volume
(b) increasing the number of solute molecules
(c) decreasing the temperature
(d) removing semipermeable membrane
Ans:- b

Q.10 The relative lowering in vapour pressure is proportional to the ratio of number of
(a) solute molecules to solvent molecules
(b) solvent molecules to solute molecules
(c) solute molecules to the total number of molecules in solution
(d) solvent molecules to the total number ofmolecules in solution
Ans:- c

ASSERTION AND REASON

Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Aand Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A
(b) Both Aand Rare true but Ris not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but Ris false
(d) A is false butR is true

Q.11 Assertion (A): Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solutions and they may have
boiling points either greater than both the components or less than both the componants.
Reason(R): The composition of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid
phase of an azeotropic mixture.
Ans:- b
 Assertion(A): Vapour pressure of aliquid is constant at a constant temperature
Q.12 Reason(R): At equilibrium rate of evaporation becomes equal to the rate of
condensation.
Ans:- a
Assertion(A): 0.IM NaCl will have same osmotic pressure as that of 0. I M Urea solution.
Q.13
Reason(R): Solution with same concentration will have same osmotic
pressure.

Ans:- d

Assertion(A): A raw mango placed in a saline solution loses water and

Q.14
shrived into pickle.
Reason(R): Through the process of reverse osmosis, raw mango shrived into
pickle. (CBSE 2022)
Ans:-C

Q.15 ASsertion(A): Molecularmass of benzoic acid when determined by colligative properties is

found high.
Reason(R): Dimerization of benzoic acid.
Ans:- a

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
0.16 (a) What is meant by 'reverse osmosis'? Give its use.
Ans:- If the pressure grcater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the
solution, the solvent willflow from the solution into the pure solvent through 2
the semi-permeable membrane (cellulose acetate). This is called reverse
osmosis.
Use of Reverse Osmosis:- Used in desalination of sea water.

(b) How the colligative properties change if the solute undergo dissociation
in solution?
Ans:- Increases due to increase in number of particles on dissociation.
 components. What is
Q.17 State Raoult's law for the solution containing volatile
(CBSE 2019)
the similarity between Raoult's law and Henry's law?
Ans:- Raoult's law "In a solution, the vapour pressure of acomponent at a 2
component in the
given temnperature is equal to the mole fraction of that
solution multiplied by the vapour pressure of that component in pure state."
between
Similarity between Raoult's law and Henry's law:- Similarity
Raoult's law and Henry's law is that the partial pressure or vapour pressure of
of
the volatile component (gas) is directly proportional to the mole fraction
that component in the solution.

benzene, the
Q.18 When 1.5 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of
boiling point of benzene raised from 353,23 K to 353.93 K. Calculate the 2
molar mass of the solute.( Kh=2.52 K kg mol)
Ans:- AT, =Th-T,=353.93 K -353.23 K=0.70K
Substituting W 1.5 g. WA= 90 g. ATh -0.70 K, Kb-2.52 K kg mol:!

MB = 1000 x K, x WB/ATb x WA

= 1000 x 2.52 x 1.5 /0.70 x 90

- 60g mol
0.19 For a 5% solution of urca(molar mass= 60 g mol'), calculate the osmotic
pressure at 300 K. (R=0.0821 L atm K-'mol') (CBSE 2020)

Ans:- Substituting, W=5 g. R= 0.0821 L atm K'mol:!, V= 100/1000-0.1 L.

M=60 g mol', T=300K

Osmotic Pressure, n=Wx Rx T/ Mx V

=5 x0.0821 x 300/60 x0.1
= 123.15/6

= 20.525 atm
Q.20 Calculate the freezing point of a solution when 3 g of CaClh (molar mass=
111g mol) was dissolved in 100 g of water, assuming CaCl; undergoes
complete ionisation. (Kr for water = 1.86 K kg mol')
Ans:- Substituting i =3, WB=3 g. WA= 100 g. Mp= 11lg mol'.
2
Kr-2.52 Kkg mol

AT= ix 1000 x Kfx WB/MB XWA

=3 x 1000 x 1.86 x3/11l x 100
= 167.4/ll1

=1.508 K

AT= TA- Tr
1.508=273- T
T= 273- 1.508

=271.492 K

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
0.21 (a) State Henry's law.
(b) Which cold drink you prefer one chilled or other one at room temperature and why?
(c)At the same temperature hydrogen is more soluble in water than Helium.
Which of them will have higher value of KH and why?
Ans:- (a) Mole fraction of gasin the solution is directly proportional to partial 3
pressure of gas in the vapour phase
(b) Chilled as solubility of CO, is more at low temp.
(c) Helium as greater the Ky value lower the solubility
Q.22 The element A and B form compounds having molecular formula AB,and AB,. When dissolved
in 20 gram of benzene, I gram of AB. lowers the freezing point by 2.3 Kwhereas lgof AB,
lowers by 1.3 K. Calculate atomic masses of Aand B. The molar depression constant for
benzene is 5.I K Kg mol.
Ans: Mp= 1000 x K,x W,/AT, xW,
Case 1: Ma= 1000 x 5.1 x 1/2.3 x 20=110.87 g mol
Case 2: M, = 1000 x 5.1 x 1/ L.3 x 20 =196.15 g mol 3
Suppose atomic masses of A & B are 'a' and 'b' respectively. Then
Molar mass of AB, = a+2b= 110.87 g mol --(i)
Molar mass of AB,=a+4b= 196.15 g mol --1)
Subtracting cquation (i) from equation (i). we get
2b- 85.28 or b = 42.64
Substituting the value of 'b' in equation (i), we get
a + 2x42.64 =110.87 or a =25.59
Thus, atomic mass of A=25.59 g mol
atomic mass of B-42.64 g mol

Asolution of glucose ( molar mass = 180gmol-) in water has a boiling point of 100.20°C.
Q.23 Calculate the freezing point of thesame solution. Molal clevation constant(K ) for water is 0.512
Kkg mol' and molal depression constant(K)for water is 1.86 Kkg mol respectively.
Ans:- AT,-I,-T=|00.20°C-100°C =0.20°C or 0.20K
AT, - K,Xm
m- AT,/ K-0.20/0.512 3
m=0.39 g mol:!

AT,-K,xm
- 1.86 x 0.39 = 0.725 K
AT= T- Tr
T,-T-AT,
- 273.15 K-0.725 K
-272.425K

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
Q.24 (a) Define Ebullioscopic constant.
(b) Why do we rub Bitter gourd (Karela) with salt after peeling? Name the
process.

(c) Deternmine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 x

10 gof KTSOs in 2 Lof water at 27°c assuming it is completely dissociated.
(R=0.0821 Latm K'mol:", Molar mass of KSO, =174 g mol!)
(CBSE 2023)
Ans:- (a) It is equal to elevation in boiling point when molality of solution is
equal to one in case of non- electrolyte.
(b)lt is done so as to remove bitterness. The process is osmosis, bitter
fluid
comes out in hypertonic saline water.
(c) Here i-3, W= 2.5 x 10 g. T =300 K. M= 174 g
mol
Osmotic Pressure, n =ix WxRx T/ Mx V
=3 x 2.5 x 10 x 0.0821 x 300 / 174 x 2
=1.85|348
=0.0053 atm
=5.3 x 10 atm
Q.25 (a) Why is boiling point of IM NaCl solution is more than that of IM glucose
solution?

(b) A non-volatile solute'X* (molar mass= 50 g mol') when dissolved in 78 g

of benzene reduced its vapour pressure to 90%. Calculate the mass of X
dissolved in the solution.

(c) Calculate the elevation in boiling point for a solution prepared by adding
10 g of MgCl; to 200 g of water assuming MgCl, is completely dissociated.
(K, for water =0.512 K kg mol, Molar mass of MgCl:=95 g mol') 5
Ans:- (a) Because the van't Hoff factor of 1M NaCl (i=2) solution is higher
than that of IM glucosce(i-1) solution
OR

Because NaCl dissociates to give ions while glucose does not dissociate into
ions in the solution.

(b) Here, WA =78g, MA =78 gmol, P=0.9 P"A, MB 50 g mol

P°A -P/P= ng/ n =WB XM / WA XMB
p°a-0.9 p°A/P= WB X78/78x 50
0.1/0.9 = WB X78 /78 x 50
1/9=WB/50
WB= 50/9 = 5.56 g
(c) AT, -ix Ky xm
Here, i -3, W= 10 g. W, - 200 g
AT, =ix K, xm
=ix 1000x K, x W, / M, x W,
-3x 1000 x 0.512 x 10/95 x 200
=153.6/ 190
=0.81 K
0.27 Osmotic pressure results from a reduction in the chemical potential of a solvent in the presence of
a solute. The tendency of a system to have cqual chemical potentials over its entire volume and to
reach a state of lowest free energy gives rise to the osmotic diffusion of matter. In ideal and dilute
solutions, the osmotic pressure is independent of the nature of the solvent and solutes. At constant
temperature it is determined only by the number of kinetically active particles- ions, molecules,
associated species, and colloidal particles in a unit volume of the solution.
For very dilute solutions of non-dissociating compounds, osmotic pressure is described with
sufficient accuracy by the cquation a> - nRT, where n is the number of moles of solute, Vis the
volume of the solution, Ris the universal gas constant, and Tis the absolute temperature.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Name and define the process'method which is used for purification of water?
(b) Which colligative property is most suitable to measure molecular mass of proteins and why?
(c) 200 cm' of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26g of the protcin. The osmotic
pressure of sucha solution at 300 Kis found to be 2.57 x10 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the
protein.
OR

A solution contains 0.8960 g of K,SO, in 500 mL solution. Its osmotic pressure is found to be
0.690 atm at 27°C. Calculate the value of Van't Hoff factor. (Alomic mass of K=39.0, S-32,
0=16, R-0.082 atm mot'K)
4
Ans:- (a) Reverse Osmosis which is defined as: When an excess pressure greater than the osmotic
pressure is applied on so lution, the solvent flows out of the solution. This phenomenon is known
as reverSe osmosis.

(b)Osmotic pressure. This is because all measurements in osmotic pressure method are done at
room temperature and biomolccules are stable only at room temperature.
(c) The various quantities known to us are as follows:
Osmotic pressure (x) = 2.57 x 10 bar, V= 200 cm- 0.200 L, T= 300 K, R=0,083 L bar
mol K"
R- CRT =nx RTV (n = WgMa). n= Ws x RT M% xV
Therefore Ma= WBX RT/ nxV
Substituting values:
MB =1.26 gx0.083 Lbar K' molx 300 K/2.57x10 bar x0.200 L
= 61,022g mol
OR

Observed molar mass, Ms =Wa x RT/ nx V W-0.8960 g. V-500 mL-0.5L, R= 0.082 L atm
K' mol-', I = 0.690 atm, T=300K
M¡ = Wx RT/X V
=0.8960 x 0.082 x 300 /0.690 x 0.5
=63.9

Normal molar mass = 2 x 39 + 32 + 4x 16 = 174

Van't Hoff Factor (i) = Normal molar mass / Observed molar mass
- 174/63,9

-2.72