BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

UNIT-3
Matplotlib

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Learning Objective
• Installation

• Introduction to Matplotlib-Types of plot

• Simple plot

• Markers

• Lines

• Font properties on title and labels

• Gridlines

• Subplot

• Legend function

• Creating scatterplot (CMAP and Colorbar), Barplot, Stacked bar chart, Grouped
barchart, pie chart, histogram

• Data set analysis

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Installation
• Matplotlib library
 Main use is to plot the graphs, in order to visualize the
data
 IDE already installed
import matplotlib (no error as already installed)
 IDLE
import matplotlib (need to install explicitly)
 Open command prompt(cmd)
 cd path of python installation
pip install matplotlib
• Anaconda
 Anaconda prompt
Conda list
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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Introduction
• Matplotlib (Math chart library) is a data visualization
package.
• Two Modules
 pyplot
 Pylab
• Types of plots
 Line chart
 Bar chart
 Histogram
 Scatter plot
 Pie plot/chart

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Description
• Figure: Outline
• Axes: place where chart is drawn (x, y and z axis)
• Legend: use functionality of line
• Marker: different style, size and color

Figure

Z axis

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Parts of a Figure

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Simple Plot/Line Plot

• Simple Plot/Line Chart
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt or
 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
• plot ( ) pass x, y, marker
 plt.plot(x, y)
 By default axis value is from 0
• Axis label
 x.label()
 y.label()
• title() title(“Line Plot”)
• show()
 Graph displayed on screen else graph is an object
• marker()
• legend()
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Cont…
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# import matpltlib.pyplot as plt
x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[10,20,30,40,50]
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.title("Simple line plot")
plt.xlabel("x-axis")
plt.ylabel("y-axis")
plt.show()

© Vivekananda School of Information Technology, VIPS, Delhi-34, by Dr. Deepali Kamthania U3.8

Markers
• Markers
 Representation of a point in a graph/chart
• Markers can be of different styles
 plot(x, y, marker” “)
• Styes
 O circle
 S square
 o Diamond
 P Pentagon
 h hexagon
 . Point
 * star
 + plus
 | vertical line
 -horizontal line
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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Marker (Color)
• Color
 Two type of marker color
Edge color (mec-marker edge color)
Face color (mfc-marker face color)
 Represented as a single character
• Color as character of hexadecimal format
 #RGB
R (00 to FF), G (00 to FF), B (00 to FF)
#123456
R-12
G-34
B-56

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Marker (Size)
• Size of marker
 ms=“ “
 plot(x, y, marker=“ “, mec =“ “, mfc=“ “, ms=“ “)

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Cont…
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# import matpltlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.arange(0,10,2)
y=x**2
plt.plot(x,y,marker="d",ms=15,mec="r",mfc="y")
#plt.plot(x,y,marker="o",ms=10,mec="c",mfc="w")
#plt.plot(x,y,marker="o",ms=10,mec="#00aabb",mfc="#ffffff")
plt.title("Simple line plot")
plt.xlabel("x-axis")
plt.ylabel("y-axis")
plt.show()

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Vivekananda School of Information Technology, VIPS, Delhi-34 , by Dr. Deepali Kamthania U3.4
 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Line
• Line styles ls
 solid
 dotted
 dashed
 dasheddot
 none (line won’t appear)
• Line width lw
• Line color C

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Cont…
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.arange(0,10,2)
y=x**2
print(x,y)
#plt.plot(x,y)
#plt.plot(x,y,ls="dashdot",lw="3",c="r")
plt.plot(x,y,marker=".",ls="none",lw="3",c="r")
plt.show()

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Font Properties
• Font properties on title and labels
 Font dictionary (fontdict) need to be defined as key value
pair in curly bracket
 f1={'family':'arial','color':'red','size':15}
f2={'family':'calibri','color':'green','size':15}
plt.title(“Sample Plot",fontdict=f1)
plt.xlabel("x-value",fontdict=f2)
plt.ylabel("y-value",fontdict=f2)

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Cont…
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.arange(0,10,2)
y=x*10
plt.plot(x,y)
f1={'family':'arial','color':'red','size':15}
f2={'family':'calibri','color':'green','size':15}
plt.title("Multiple of 10",fontdict=f1)
plt.xlabel("x-value",fontdict=f2)
plt.ylabel("y-value",fontdict=f2)
plt.show()

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Gridlines
• Grid function with line properties
 grid() get lines on chart
 grid(axis=“x”)
axis=x, y or both (default)
 plt.grid(axis="both",ls="dotted",lw=1,c="red")

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Subplot
• Multiple plots in same figure
• subplot function have three arguments
• subplot (R, C, I)
 R row
 C column
 Iindex of plot
• Supertitle
 suptitle( )

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Legend
• Legend function
 Define functionality of line, if we draw multiple line in a plot
 It will create a box
• Two methods
• legends( ) without parameters
 If legend() then use label plot( )
plt.plot(x,y, label=“square”)
plt.legend( )
• legends( parameters)
 Pass as string
plt.legend(loc="upper right", framealpha=0,
facecolor="yellow", edgecolor="black", fancybox=True,
shadow=True, fontsize=10)
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Parameters
• location (loc) as number or string
 loc= 0 to 10
 “upper left”, “upper right”,”lower left”, “center”, “lower
center” etc.
• framealpha= 0 to 1
 Give transparency of frame
• facecolor=“red” or #RGB
 Area inside box
• edgecolor=“red” or #RGB
• Shadow=True/False
• Fancybox= True/False
 Rectangle or rounded rectangle
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Scatter Plot
• Creating Scatter plot
• scatter( )
• scatter(x, y, color=“red” or #RGB, marker=”o”,
S=15, linewidth=10,slpha=0.5)

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

CMAP & ColorBar

• Color map (CMAP) and color bar
 Representation of each dot in scatter plot
 Integer color value (0 to 90)
 Many cmap may exist
virdis, Accent, BuGn, Dark2, Oranges, Purples, Reds,
Spectral, binary, Copper, magma, pink, rainbow etc.
• colorbar
 Tell exact value of the color
 It appears with figure

© Vivekananda School of Information Technology, VIPS, Delhi-34, by Dr. Deepali Kamthania U3.22

Cont…
from matplotlib import x=[10,20,30,40,50]
pyplot as plt y=[200,300,100,500,400]
x=[10,20,30,40,50] colors=[10,40,60,80,70]
y=[200,300,100,500,400] OR size=[100,50,200,250,150]
colors=["red","green","blue #plt.scatter(x,y,c=colors,s=
","yellow","black"] size,cmap="viridis")
size=[100,50,200,250,150] plt.scatter(x,y,c=colors,s=si
plt.scatter(x,y,c=colors,s=s ze,cmap="Accent")
ize) plt.colorbar()
plt.show() plt.show()

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Barplot
• Barplot(Horizontal and Vertical)
 Barchart represents category of data with rectangular bar
width, length and height that is proportional to the value.
 Simple bar, Plot, Bar(), BarH( )
• There are two functions
 Bar()
Represent bar vertically
 BarH()
Represent bar in horizontal manner

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Cont…
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x=['A','B',’C','D']
y=[10,30,20,40]
#plt.bar(x,y)
#plt.bar(x,y,color='red',width=1) #Default width 0.8
plt.barh(x,y,color='red',height=0.8)
plt.show()
OR
Bars of different color
c=["red","green","blue","black"]
plt.bar(x,y,color=c,width=0.2) or plt.barh(x,y,color=c,heigth=0.2)
plt.show()

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Stacked Bar Chart

• Horizontal and Vertical stacked bar chart
 Need to give bottom, not required for first one
 Need to add list to get width
 Avoid overlap
 For horizontal bar instead of width use height and barh
instead of bar, left instead of bottom, xlim instead of ylim
Demo

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Grouped Bar Chart

• Grouped bar chart or multiple bar chart
 DEMO

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Pie Chart
• Pie chart/ pie graph /pie plot
 Circular statistical graph for charts which is divided into
different slices based upon given division and each slice
we call as wedge
 Parameters
 plt.pie(student_values,labels=student_performance,startangle=0,
explode=[0.2,0.1,0.3,0.1],shadow=True,colors=["black","blue","yel
low","red"],autopct="%2.1f%%")
startangle,
where it should represent x axis default value =0, and move counter
clock wise. To change use startangle=90 or 180
Explode
to extract some portion from circle
Shadow=false (default)
Autopct
to give percentage % %
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Pie Chart
• DEMO

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Histogram
• Histogram
 Is an accurate representation of the historic data
(numerical data divided into equal intervals and how many
values fall in that interval)
 plt.hist(marks,grade_interval,histtype="bar")
defaultrwidth=1
 plt.hist(marks,grade_interval,histtype="bar",rwidth=0.7,fac
ecolor="blue")
 plt.hist(marks,grade_interval,histtype="step")
 plt.hist(marks,grade_interval,histtype="stepfilled")
For step and stepfilled histogram rwidth not required
DEMO

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 BCA-212 Introduction to Data Science

Scatter Plot
• Scatter plot
 Is used to represent a pair of numerical data one with x
axis and y axis and each representation will be with the
help of a dot
 plt,scatter (x, y,color=“black”)
 plt.scatter(x1,y1,c=color,s=size,alpha=0.5,cmap="viridis")
 plt.colorbar()

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Ticks, Label, Limit

• xticks( ), yticks( ), xlabels( ),ylabels( ), xlim( ),ylim( )
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xlabel("X-Axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-Axis")
plt.xlim([0,100])
plt.xlim([10,1000])
plt.xticks(x,["a","b","c","d","e"])
plt.yticks(y,["0-100","100-200","200-300","300-400","400-
500"])
plt.title("Demonstration of x and y limit")
plt.show()
DEMO

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Data Analysis
• Dataset for analysis

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