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Chapter_1_The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life

Chapter 1 of Biology Class 9 covers the fundamental unit of life, the cell, including its discovery by Robert Hooke and the development of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. It distinguishes between unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and outlines basic cell structures and organelles. The chapter also highlights differences between plant and animal cells and provides revision notes and frequently asked questions.

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Chapter_1_The_Fundamental_Unit_of_Life

Chapter 1 of Biology Class 9 covers the fundamental unit of life, the cell, including its discovery by Robert Hooke and the development of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. It distinguishes between unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and outlines basic cell structures and organelles. The chapter also highlights differences between plant and animal cells and provides revision notes and frequently asked questions.

Uploaded by

arnavmalhotra838
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology Class 9 - Chapter 1: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Chapter 1: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Chapter 1: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Topic 1: Discovery of the Cell

- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

- Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 when he observed cork under a microscope.

- He saw dead cell walls and named them "cells".

- Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells.

Topic 2: Cell Theory

- Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory.

- Virchow added that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

- The theory includes:

1. All living beings are made up of cells.

2. Cell is the basic unit of life.

3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Topic 3: Types of Organisms Based on Cell Count

- Unicellular: Amoeba, Euglena

- Multicellular: Humans, Trees

Topic 4: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

- Prokaryotic: No true nucleus (e.g., Bacteria)

- Eukaryotic: Has a true nucleus (e.g., Plants and Animals)

Topic 5: Basic Cell Structure

- Cell Membrane: Selectively permeable, made of lipids and proteins.

- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like, holds organelles.

- Nucleus: Contains DNA and controls cell activity.


Biology Class 9 - Chapter 1: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Topic 6: Cell Organelles

- Mitochondria: Powerhouse, produces ATP.

- ER: RER makes proteins, SER makes fats.

- Golgi: Modifies and packages proteins.

- Lysosomes: Suicidal bags, digest waste.

- Vacuoles: Store water, food, waste.

- Plastids (Plants): Chloroplasts (photosynthesis), Chromoplasts, Leucoplasts.

Topic 7: Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

| Plant Cell | Animal Cell |

|------------|-------------|

| Has cell wall | No cell wall |

| Large vacuole | Small vacuole |

| Has plastids | No plastids |

Topic 8: Revision Notes

- Cell: Basic unit of life

- Robert Hooke: Discovered dead cells

- Prokaryotic: No nucleus

- Eukaryotic: True nucleus

- Cell membrane: Controls entry/exit

- Mitochondria: ATP production

- Lysosomes: Digestive enzymes

Topic 9: Mind Map Overview (described in full book visually)

Topic 10: Most Repeated Questions and Answers

1. Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665.

2. Cell theory includes 3 main points.

3. Draw and label plant/animal cell.


Biology Class 9 - Chapter 1: The Fundamental Unit of Life

4. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

5. Mitochondria generate energy (ATP).

6. RER vs SER: Protein vs fat synthesis.

7. Lysosomes digest waste, called suicidal bags.

8. Nucleus controls cell, contains DNA.

9. Plant vs animal cells (wall, vacuole, plastids).

10. Plastids: Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leucoplasts.

More diagrams, case-based and MCQs will follow in full book.

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