Class 9 Mathematics Notes for Session 2025 Chapter - 3 Coordinate_Geometry
Class 9 Mathematics Notes for Session 2025 Chapter - 3 Coordinate_Geometry
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For Session 2025-26
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MATHS
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Coordinate Geometry
1. Two perpendicular number lines intersecting at point zero are called coordinate axes.
The horizontal number line is the x-axis (denoted by X’OX) and the vertical one is the
y-axis (denoted by Y’OY). The point of intersection of x-axis and y-axis is called origin
and denoted by ‘O’.
2. Cartesian plane is a plane obtained by putting the coordinate axes perpendicular to
each other in the plane. It is also called coordinate plane or xy plane.
3. The x-coordinate of a point is its perpendicular distance from y-axis.
4. The y-coordinate of a point is its perpendicular distance from x-axis.
5. The point where the x axis and the y axis intersect is represented by coordinate points
(0, 0) and is called the origin.
6. The abscissa of a point is the x-coordinate of the point. The ordinate of a point is the
y-coordinate of the point.
7. If the abscissa of a point is x and the ordinate of the point is y, then (x, y) are called the
coordinates of the point.
8. The axes divide the Cartesian plane into four parts called the quadrants (one fourth
part), numbered I, II, III and IV anticlockwise from OX.
9. Sign of coordinates depicts the quadrant in which it lies. The coordinates of a point are
of the form (+, +) in the first quadrant, (-, +) in the second quadrant, (-, -) in the third
quadrant and (+, -) in the fourth quadrant.
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10. The coordinates of a point on the x-axis are of the form (x, 0) and that of the point on
y-axis are (0, y).
11. To plot a point P (3, 4) in the Cartesian plane, start from origin and count 3 units on
the positive x axis then move 4 units towards positive y axis. The point at which we will
arrive will be the point P (3, 4).
(2)
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Explanation:
Take two number lines XX’ and YY’. Place XX’ in horizontal and write the numbers on it as
we write in the number line. Similarly, place YY’ in vertical and proceed writing numbers on
it as we write in a number line. Combine both the lines in such a way that the two lines
cross each other at their zeroes or origins. The horizontal line XX’ is called the x-axis and the
vertical line YY’ is called the y-axis. The point where XX’ and YY’ cross is called the origin,
and is denoted by O. Since the positive numbers lie on the directions OX and OY, OX and OY
are called the positive directions of the x-axis and the y-axis respectively. Similarly, OX’ and
OY’ are called the negative directions of the x- and y-axes respectively.
Important Terms:
Quadrants:
Moreover, the axes divide the plane into four parts and these four parts are called
quadrants (one-fourth part). Thus, we have four quadrants numbered I, II, III and IV
anticlockwise from OX.
Points in different Quadrants.
Signs of coordinates of points in different quadrants:
I Quadrant: ‘+’ x – coordinate and ‘+’ y – coordinate. E.g. (2, 3)
II Quadrant: ‘-’ x – coordinate and ‘+’ y – coordinate. E.g. (-1, 4)
III Quadrant: ‘-’ x – coordinate and ‘-’ y – coordinate. E.g. (-3, -5)
IV Quadrant: ‘+’ x – coordinate and ‘-’ y – coordinate. E.g. (6, -1)
Cartesian Plane:
A plane consists of axes and quadrants. Thus, we call the plane the Cartesian Plane, or the
Coordinate Plane, or the x-y plane. The axes are called the coordinate axes.
(3)
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(4)
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system is represented as a pair of coordinates (r, Ɵ). The pole is represented by (0, Ɵ) for
any value of Ɵ, where r = 0.
(r, Ɵ), (r, Ɵ + 2π) and (-r, Ɵ + π) are all polar coordinates for the same point.
The distance from the pole is called the radial coordinate, radial distance or simply radius
and the angular coordinate, polar angle or azimuth.
Consider the figure below that depicts the relationship between polar and cartesian
coordinates.
X = r cos Ɵ and y = r sin Ɵ
r = (x2 + y2) ½ and tan Ɵ = (y/x)
The distance between two points of the plane (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by
In case of three-dimensional system, the distance formula between the points (x1, y1, z1)
and (x2, y2, z2) is
(5)
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Representation of a vector
In two-dimensions, the vector from the origin to the point with the cartesian coordinates (x,
y) can be written as r = xi + yj where i = (1,0) and j = (0,1) are unit vectors in the direction of
the x-axis and y-axis respectively.
In case of three-dimensions, we will have r = xi + yj + zk, where k = (0,0,1) is the unit vector
in the direction of z-axis.
Three Dimensional Geometry
3D geometry involves the mathematics of shapes in 3D space and involving 3 coordinates
which are x-coordinate, y-coordinate and z-coordinate. In a 3d space, three parameters are
required to find the exact location of a point. For JEE, three-dimensional geometry plays a
major role as a lot of questions are included in the exam. Here, the basic concepts of
geometry involving 3-dimensional coordinates are covered which will help to understand
different operations on a point in 3d plane.
Coordinate System in 3D Geometry
In 3 dimensional geometry, a coordinate system refers to the process of identifying the
position or location of a point in the coordinate plane. To understand more about
coordinate planes and system, refer to the coordinate geometry lesson which covers all the
basic concepts, theorems, and formulas related to coordinate or analytic geometry.
Rectangular coordinate system
Three lines perpendicular to each other pass through a common point. That common point
is called the origin, the 3 lines the axes. They are x-axis, y-axis, z-axis respectively. O is the
observer with respect to his position of any other point is measured. The position or
coordinates of any point in 3D space is measured by how much he has moved along x, y and
z-axis respectively. So if a point has a position (3, -4, 5) means he has moved 3 unit along
positive x-axis, 4 unit along negative y-axis, 5 unit along positive z-axis.
(6)
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(7)
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from the positive x-axis. Therefore, point (3, 2) can be plotted, as shown below. Similarly, (-
2, 3), (-1, -2) and (2, -3) are plotted.
(8)
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(9)
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Important Questions
Multiple Choice Questions-s
Question 1. If the coordinates of a point are (0, -4), then it lies in:
a) X-axis
b) Y-axis
c) At origin
d) Between x-axis and y-axis
Question 2. If the coordinates of a point are (3, 0), then it lies in:
a) X-axis
b) Y-axis
c) At origin
d) Between x-axis and y-axis
Question 3. If the coordinates of a point are (-3,4), then it lies in:
a) First quadrant
b) Second quadrant
c) Third quadrant
d) Fourth quadrant
Question 4. If the coordinates of a point are (-3, -4), then it lies in:
a) First quadrant
b) Second quadrant
c) Third quadrant
d) Fourth quadrant
Question 5. The name of horizontal line in the cartesian plane which
determines the position of a point is called:
a) Origin
b) X-axis
c) Y-axis
d) Quadrants
Question 6. The name of vertical line in the cartesian plane which determines
the position of a point is called:
a) Origin
b) X-axis
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c) Y-axis
d) Quadrants
Question 7. The section formed by horizontal and vertical lines determining
the position of point in a cartesian plane is called:
a) Origin
b) X-axis
c) Y-axis
d) Quadrants
Question 8. The point of intersection of horizontal and vertical lines
determining the position of point in a cartesian plane is called:
a) Origin
b) X-axis
c) Y-axis
d) Quadrants
Question 9. Points (1,2), (-2,-3), (2,-3);
a) First quadrant
b) Do not lie in the same quadrant
c) Third quadrant
d) Fourth quadrant
Question 10. If x coordinate of a point is zero, then the point lies on:
a) First quadrant
b) Second quadrant
c) X-axis
d) Y-axis
Very Short:
1. Write the signs convention of the coordinates of a point in the second
quadrant.
2. Write the value of ordinate of all the points lie on x-axis.
3. Write the value of abscissa of all the points lie on y-axis.
4. If in coordinates of a point B(3, -2), signs of both coordinates are
interchanged, then it will lie in which quadrant?
5. Find distances of points C(-3, -2) and D(5, 2) from x-axis and y-axis.
6. Find the values of x and y, if two ordered pairs (x – 3, – 6) and (4, x + y)
are equal.
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3. A point lies on x-axis at a distance of 9 units from y-axis. What are its
coordinates? What will be the coordinates of a point, if it lies on y-axis
at a distance of -9 units from x-axis?
4. Plot the point P(2, -6) on a graph paper and from it draw PM and PN
perpendiculars to x-axis and y-axis respectively. Write the coordinates of
the points M and N.
5. Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they lie, if :
(i) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is – 3
(ii) abscissa is -5 and ordinate is – 3
(iii) abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is 3
(iv) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is 3
6. Plot the points A(1, 4), B(-2, 1) and C(4, 1). Name the figure so obtained
on joining them in order and also, find its area.
7. Plot the following points, join them in order and identify the figure thus
formed: A(1, 3), B(1, -1), C(7, -1) and D(7, 3)
(12)
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Long Questions:
1. Plot the points A(3, 2), B(-2, 2), C(-2, -2) and D(3, -2) in the cartesian plane.
Join these points and name the figure so formed.
2. Write the coordinates of two points on X-axis and two points on Y-axis
which are at equal distances from the origin. Connect all these points and
make them as vertices of quadrilateral. Name the quadrilateral thus
formed.
3. On environment day, class-9 students got five plants of mango, silver oak,
orange, banyan and amla from soil department. Students planted the
plants and noted their locations as (x, y).
Plot the points (x, y) in the graph and join them in the given order. Name
the figure you get. Which social act is being done by students of class-9 ?
Assertion and Reason Questions-
1. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not
correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Assertion: The points (- 3,5) and (5, - 3)are at different positions in the
coordinate plane.
Reason: If x ≠ y , then (x, y) ≠ (y,x)
2. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(13)
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There is a square park ABCD in the middle of Saket colony in Delhi. Four
children Deepak, Ashok, Arjun and Deepa went to play with their balls. The
colour of the ball of Ashok, Deepak, Arjun and Deepa are red, blue, yellow and
green respectively. All four children roll their ball from centre point O in the
direction of XOY, X'OY, X'OY' and XOY'. Their balls stopped as shown in the
above image.
Answer the following questions:
i. What are the coordinates of the ball of Ashok?
a. (4, 3)
b. (3, 4)
c. (4, 4)
d. (3, 3)
ii. What are the coordinates of the ball of Deepa?
a. (2, -3)
b. (3, 2)
c. (2, 3)
d. (2, 2)
(14)
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Rohit was putting up one of his paintings in his living room. Before this Rohit had put
a grid on the wall where each unit measured equal to a foot. The upper-left corner of
the frame is at point C(1, 8) and the upper-right corner at D(7, 8). The bottom-left
corner is at A(1, 2) and the bottom-right corner at B(7, 2).
Please answer the following questions:
i. What is the width of the painting plus frame?
a. 5 feet
b. 8 feet
(15)
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c. 9 feet
d. 6 feet
ii. What is the length of the painting plus frame?
a. 9 feet
b. 8 feet
c. 6 feet
d. 5 feet
iii. Which sides of the painting are parallel to x-axis?
a. AB and CD
b. AC and BD
c. Diagonals AD and BC
d. No one
iv. Which sides of the painting are parallel to y-axis?
a. AB and CD
b. AC and BD
c. Diagonals AC and BD
d. No one
v. Point A, B, C and D lie in which quadrant?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
Answer Key:
MCQ:
1. (b) Y-axis
2. (a) Y-axis
3. (b) Second quadrant
4. (c) Third quadrant
5. (b) X-axis
6. (c) Y-axis
7. (d) Quadrants
8. (a) Origin
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5. Distances of point C(-3, -2) from x-axis is 2 units in the negative direction and from
y-axis is 3 units in the negative direction. Distances of point D(5, 2) from x-axis is 2
units and from y-axis is 5 units.
8. 5 units.
9. Trapezium.
Short Answer:
Ans: 1.
(17)
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Ans: 4.
(18)
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Ans: 6.
Ans: 7.
(19)
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ABCD is a rectangle.
Point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD is (4, 1)
Long Answer:
Ans: 1.
(20)
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Ans: 3.
The given trees (points) are Mango (2, 0), Silver Oak (3, 4), Orange (0,7),
Banyan (-3, 4) and Amla (-2, 0). The location of these trees are Orange
(0,7) shown in the graph.
On joining the points of mango, silver oak, orange, banyan and amla in
order, the figure so formed is a regular pentagon.
Planting more trees helpful in reducing pollution and make the
environment clean and green for the coming generations.
Assertion and Reason Answers-
1. a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
(21)
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Explanation:
Assertion (A) :
The points(-3,5) and (5,-3) are at different positions in the coordinate plane.
For the point (-3,5)
Abscissa = - 3 & ordinate = 5
The point lies is 2nd quadrant
For the point (5,-3)
Abscissa = 5 & ordinate = - 3
The point lies is 4th quadrant
Since 5 ≠ - 3
So the points(-3,5) and (5,-3) are at different positions in the coordinate plane.
So Assertion (A) is correct
Reason(R) :
If x is not equal to y then the position of (x,y) in the cartesian plane is different
from the position of (y,x)
We know that two point (a, b) & (c, d) are the same point iff a = c , b = d
So if x is not equal to y then the position of (x,y) in the cartesian plane is
different from the position of (y,x)
Therefore Reason(R) is correct
Also reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Hence the correct option is:
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
2. d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Explanation: (-5,0) lies on x-axis because the first part of co-ordinate shows X-
axis and second part show y-axis and also the point (0,-4) lies on y axis not x axis
Hence the assertion is false but the reason is 100% true statement.
Case Study Answers-
1.
(i) (b) (3, 4)
(ii) (a) (2, -3)
(iii) (c) x-axis.
(iv) (d) origin.
(v) (a) -3
(22)
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2.
i d 6 feet
ii c 6 feet
iii a AB and CD
iv b AC and BD
v a I
(23)
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