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Lecture Notes 6

The lecture notes focus on ethical decision-making in business, outlining steps and models to navigate ethical dilemmas effectively. Key components include identifying ethical issues, analyzing options, and reflecting on decisions, with practical applications to real-world scenarios. The document emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement and structured approaches to ensure ethical behavior and accountability.

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6 views6 pages

Lecture Notes 6

The lecture notes focus on ethical decision-making in business, outlining steps and models to navigate ethical dilemmas effectively. Key components include identifying ethical issues, analyzing options, and reflecting on decisions, with practical applications to real-world scenarios. The document emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement and structured approaches to ensure ethical behavior and accountability.

Uploaded by

alzubair omb
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture Notes for Week 6: Ethical Decision-Making Models

Introduction

Ethical decision-making is critical in business to maintain integrity, trust, and


sustainable success. This week focuses on the process and models for making
ethical decisions, with practical applications to real-world business dilemmas.

Objectives:

1. Understand the steps involved in making ethical decisions.


2. Explore various models for ethical decision-making.
3. Learn how to apply these models in business scenarios.
4. Examine common ethical dilemmas and strategies to resolve them.

1. Steps to Ethical Decision-Making

Definition:
Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among
alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles.

Steps:

1. Identifying the Ethical Issue:


o Recognize situations that involve moral questions or conflicts.
o Example: A company must decide whether to disclose a harmful
defect in its product.
2. Analyzing the Situation and Options:
o Assess the stakeholders, consequences, and moral principles
involved.
o Example: Consider the effects on customers, reputation, and legal
compliance.
3. Making a Decision and Reflecting on Outcomes:
o Choose an action that aligns with ethical values.
o Reflect on the outcomes to ensure continuous learning and
improvement.

Summary:
Ethical decision-making involves recognizing issues, evaluating options, and
reflecting on the decisions made to ensure ethical behavior.

2. Models of Ethical Decision-Making

Definition:
Ethical decision-making models provide structured approaches to solving ethical
problems systematically.

The Five-Step Model:

1. Define the Ethical Issue: Clearly outline the moral question or conflict.
2. Identify Stakeholders: Determine who is affected by the decision.
3. Evaluate Options: Assess potential actions based on ethical principles.
4. Act: Implement the decision.
5. Reflect: Analyze the outcomes and learn from the experience.

Application:
For example, in a business scenario, when deciding whether to lay off employees,
use this model to balance the interests of employees and shareholders while
considering long-term impacts.

Summary:
The Five-Step Model provides a logical framework to address ethical dilemmas
systematically, ensuring fairness and accountability.

3. Ethical Dilemmas

Definition:
An ethical dilemma occurs when a decision-maker faces conflicting moral
principles and must choose between them.

Examples in Business:
 Deciding whether to prioritize profits over employee well-being.
 Choosing between transparency and protecting the company’s reputation.

Techniques to Resolve Dilemmas:

 Use ethical decision-making models.


 Engage stakeholders to understand their perspectives.
 Consider long-term impacts and align actions with core values.

Summary:
Ethical dilemmas are challenging but can be resolved through structured
approaches and stakeholder engagement.

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1: Ethical Decision-Making Steps

Which is the correct sequence in the Five-Step Model for ethical decision-making?

1. Define the issue, identify stakeholders, evaluate options, act, reflect


2. Act, reflect, evaluate options, define the issue, identify stakeholders
3. Identify stakeholders, evaluate options, act, reflect, define the issue
4. Evaluate options, identify stakeholders, act, reflect, define the issue

Correct Answer:

1. Define the issue, identify stakeholders, evaluate options, act, reflect

Explanation:
The Five-Step Model is structured to logically address ethical dilemmas, starting with defining
the issue, understanding stakeholders, evaluating actions, implementing decisions, and learning
from the process.

Question 2: Ethical Dilemmas

An ethical dilemma is best defined as:

1. A decision involving a legal dispute.


2. A situation where moral principles conflict, requiring a choice.
3. A business strategy aimed at profit maximization.
4. A technical issue in decision-making.

Correct Answer:
2. A situation where moral principles conflict, requiring a choice.

Explanation:
Ethical dilemmas arise when two or more moral principles conflict, and a choice must be made
that aligns with ethical values.

Question 3: Techniques for Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

Which technique is not effective in resolving ethical dilemmas?

1. Considering long-term impacts


2. Ignoring stakeholders’ opinions
3. Using structured decision-making models
4. Aligning actions with core values

Correct Answer:
2. Ignoring stakeholders’ opinions

Explanation:
Engaging stakeholders and considering their perspectives is critical for resolving ethical
dilemmas effectively. Ignoring them leads to unethical outcomes.

Scenario Questions

Scenario 1: Ethical Issue Identification

A manager discovers that their company’s supplier uses unethical labor practices. How should
the manager address this issue?

Options:

1. Continue working with the supplier to avoid financial losses.


2. Investigate the issue and report it to senior management.
3. Ignore the issue as it does not directly affect the company’s employees.
4. Publicly accuse the supplier without verifying facts.

Correct Answer:
2. Investigate the issue and report it to senior management.
Explanation:
Proper investigation and escalation ensure ethical responsibility while maintaining
accountability.

Scenario 2: Stakeholder Engagement

A company considers relocating a factory, impacting local employment. What is the most ethical
approach?

Options:

1. Announce the decision without prior discussion.


2. Engage with employees and local stakeholders to assess concerns.
3. Prioritize profits over community well-being.
4. Ignore public feedback to avoid delays.

Correct Answer:
2. Engage with employees and local stakeholders to assess concerns.

Explanation:
Involving stakeholders ensures transparency and addresses their concerns, fostering trust.

Scenario 3: Reflecting on Outcomes

A company decides to reduce waste by adopting new packaging but faces higher costs. What
should the company do?

Options:

1. Revert to cheaper, wasteful packaging.


2. Communicate the decision's long-term environmental benefits to stakeholders.
3. Cease waste reduction efforts entirely.
4. Ignore the financial impact on the company.

Correct Answer:
2. Communicate the decision's long-term environmental benefits to stakeholders.

Explanation:
Highlighting the long-term benefits builds stakeholder support for sustainable practices.
True/False Question

Statement:
Ethical decision-making only considers legal compliance, not broader moral principles.

Options:

1. True
2. False

Correct Answer:
2. False

Explanation:
Ethical decision-making extends beyond legal compliance to include fairness, integrity, and the
impact on all stakeholders.

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