CHAPTER FOUR

4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter is about the analysis and interpretation of data collected in this study .It is
conducted in "Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity" which is located at
distance of 506km from Addis Ababa the capital city of Ethiopia and 21km form Harar city
capital city of East Hararge zone of Oromia region. All of the residents engaged in this work are
government employment. The study is conducted on 30 respondents of staff members on the
consequences of gender inequality at work place.

From the total number of respondents 25 of them are asked to answer questioner by reading and
writing their respond on the paper, 5 of them were interviewed because they possess relevant
knowledge, experiences, or opinions about the consequences of gender inequality at work place.
From this respondents the number of males is 20 (66.67%) and the number of female is 10
(33.33%) in percent. Respondents were selected by using snowball non-probability sampling
technique. Respondents were to give data by the way they are asked to the researcher.

4.1 Socio-demographic background of respondents

4.1.1 Sex composition of the respondents

Table 4.1 Distribution of sex composition of respondents

Sex Number of respondents Percentage

Male 20 66.67%
Female 10 33.33%
Total 30 100%
Source (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

As we have seen in the above table the number of males is 20 (66.67%) and the number of
female is 10 (33.33%) in percent from this we can understand that the majority of them were
males. That they participate than females because, the populations of the males were many.
 4.1.2 Age composition of respondents

Table 4.2 Distribution of age composition

Age Number of respondents Percentage

<18 years - -
18-30 years 8 26.67%
30-50 years 18 60%
>50 years 4 13.33%
Total 30 100%
Source (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

As we can understand from the above table 8(26.67%) of the respondents are in age groups
between 18-30 years, 18(60%) of the respondents were in age groups of 30-50 years, 4(13.33%)
were age groups of above 50 years.

Regarding the above interpretation majority of the respondents were between the age groups of
30-50 years and the smallest portion of the respondents were above the age of 50 years.

4.1.3 Religion composition of respondents

Table 4.3 Distribution of religion

Religion Number of respondents Percentage

Muslim 6 20%
Orthodox 10 33.33%
Catholic 5 16.67%
Protestant 8 26.67%
Other religion 1 3.33%
Total 30 100%
Source (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

From the above table we can understand that about 6(20%) were follower of Muslim religion
from the given respondents, also about 10(33.33%) of the respondents were follower of orthodox
 religion, about 5(16.67%) of the respondents were catholic about the respondent of 8(26.67%)
were follower of protestant and the remaining 1(3.33%) were follower of the other religion.

The majority of respondents those participate in this study were orthodox follower and the
smallest respondents were the follower of other religion.

4.1.4 Education composition of respondents

Table 4.4 distribution of education

Educational level Number of respondents Percentage

Diploma 3 10%
Degree 2 6.67%
Masters 18 60%
PHD. 5 16.67%
As Ass. Professor 2 6.67%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

The above table show that the educational status of respondent about 2(6.67%) were Degree,
18(60%) were Masters, 5(16.67%) were PHD, then followed by 2(6.67%) respondents is at Ass.
professor and the remaining 3(10%) were in the level of Diploma.

4.1.5 Marital status

Table 4.5 Distribution of marital

Marital status Number of respondents Percentage

Single 6 20%
Married 21 70%
Divorces 3 10%
Other status - -
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)
 The above table show that the marital status of the respondents 21(70%) were married groups
of people, then 6(20%) of respondents were single and the remaining 3(10%) of respondents
were divorced. Based on the above table the majority of respondents were married and the least
is those divorces.

4.1.6 Economic activities

Table 4.6 Distribution of economic activates

Economic activities Number of respondents Percentage

Government employment 30 100%
Total 30 100%
Sources (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

Regarding the above table the majority of the respondents 30(100%) of them were Government
employment and their economic activities or income were government (they live by salary).

Table 4.7 occupation that have gender inequality

What is your occupation Number of respondents Percentage

Government employment 30 100%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

The above table show that 30(100%) of the respondents were the Government employment in
their occupation to lead their life.
Table 4.8 factor that promote for the gender based inequality

Factor that promote gender Number of respondent Percentage

inequality
Cultural background 16 53.3%
Religion 10 33.3%
Political leader 1 3.3%
Educational level 3 10%
Total 30 100%
Source (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

The above table show that the respondents on the factor promote gender inequality at the work
place 16(53.3%) of respondents were choose the cultural background in the society. 10(33.3%)
of the respondents were religions factor for the gender inequality. Then followed by educational
level as factor promote gender inequality which account 3(10%) of the respondents. Finally
1(3.3%) of respondents were political leader which is the factor that promote gender inequality.
The majority of respondents were chooses the cultural background is the factor for the gender
inequality at work place and it is the most common factors that causes gender inequality because
the staff members are more conservative in their believe towards gender equality.

Table 4.9 the influence of gender in equality

What is the influence of Number of respondents Percentage

gender inequality
Social influence 8 26.67%
Psychological influence 10 33.3%
Parental care influence 5 16.67%
education influence 4 13.3%
Other influence 3 10%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)
The above table illustrates that the influence of gender inequality at work place. 10(33.3%) of
respondents were psychological influences, 8(26.67%) of the respondents have social influence,
5(16.67%) of the respondents were parental care influence, and also followed by 4(13.3%) of the
respondents were educational influence and finally 3(10%) were other influence on the staff
member. The majority of the respondents were chosen that psychological influences had an
impact on gender inequality of staff members those works in the collage, followed by the social
influence in the staff. The smallest portion of the influences of gender inequality was other
effects of gender inequality at work places.

Table 4.10 Sex that affected by gender inequality

What sex is affect more by Number of respondent Percentage

gender inequality
Male 12 40%
Female 18 60%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

The above table show that 18(60%) of the respondents were choose that female is more affected
by gender inequality and 12(40%) of respondents were male is affected by the gender in equality.
The majority of respondents were female is more affected by the gender in equality. The females
were affected by gender inequality because of different factor such as social, economic, political
and other factors make the female to be affected.

Table 4.11 is the degree of gender in equality high

Is the degree of gender Number of respondents Percentage

inequality high
Yes 12 49%
No 18 51%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)
The above table show that the degree of gender inequality is high or not, 12(40%) of respondents
were chooses that yes and 18(60%) of respondents were no. the majority of respondents were
chooses that no the degree of gender in equality at work place is not high. And other respondents
were chooses yes that they affected by this issue in general.

Table 4.12 Do you try to reduce gender in equality

Do you try to reduce gender Number of respondents Percentage

inequality at work place
Yes 25 75%
No 5 25%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

In the above table 25 (75%) of respondents were choose yes they try to reduce gender in equality
at work place. 5(25%) of respondents were choose no they cannot try to reduce gender inequality
at work place. The majority of respondents were tries to reduce the inequality that based on
gender at work area and they choose yes by using different methods to decrease the problems
through giving awarenes, changing attitude towards gender, make equal participation for both
sex and decision making equally. Those choose no cannot try to reduce gender inequality
because they have negative attitude towards this issues.

Table 4.13 the degree of gender inequality

What is the degree of gender Number of respondents Percentage

inequality at work place
Very high 9 30%
Medium 8 27%
Few 7 23%
Very few 6 20%
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)
The above table show that 9(30%) of respondents were stated very high, 8(27%) of the
respondents were stated medium. Also 7(23%) of respondents were few and 6(20%) of
respondents were stated very few. The majority of respondents were stated that the degree of
gender inequality at work place is very high and the fewest respondent were stated that very few
degree.

Table 4.14 Social consequence of gender in equality

What is social consequence of Number of respondent Percentage

gender inequality
Dominance of male 10 33.3%
Isolation 8 27%
Discrimination 6 20%
Marriage 4 13%
Other consequences 2 6.67
Total 30 100%
Source: (Haramaya University, college of social science and humanity)

The above table show that 10(33.3%) of respondents were dominance of male as social
consequences, 8(27%) of the respondents were choose isolation as social consequences, 6(20%)
of respondents were chosen discrimination as social consequences at work place, 4(13%) of
respondent were choose Marriage as social consequences and finally 2(6.67%) of respondent
were stated other consequences of gender inequality at work place.

The majority of respondents were chosen the dominance or participial of male is a result as
social consequences at work place and every place of society. The smallest portion of
respondents were chooses other consequences is resulted.

Table 4.16 illiteracy (education level) bring gender in equality(?)

Did illiteracy bring gender Number respondents Percentage

inequality
Yes 16 53%
No 14 47%
Total 30 100%
Source: survey (2019)

In the above table 16(53%) of respondents were choose yes illiteracy bring gender inequality and
14(47%) of respondents choose No. the majority of respondents were choose yes illiteracy bring
gender inequality that lack of education were rises gender inequality at work places. When
peoples lack education cannot get their skill, knowledge and modern way of doing activities.

4.3 Analysis and Interpretation of Respondents Interview

Were resulted .Interview question of respondents

1. What are the consequences of gender inequality at work place?

2. What are the reasons that promote gender inequality at work place?
3. Did you find in all work place gender inequality?

Response of respondents

In term number one respondents said that the consequences gender inequality at work place are
so many that is, the result from this problem listed above in the table which arises in the area
were members of the staff work. The consequences of gender inequality at work place include
social, education, motivation, psychological consequences and other consequences may result.
When they said that social consequences it include dominance of male or patriarchy, isolation
from the society, discrimination gender segregation, early marriage, of women were culturally
affected they remain as home maker and child career, it increase gender bias and it reduce the
social participation of both gender equally. Finally the social consequences of gender inequality
at work place so have many consequences on the staff.

Political consequences of gender inequality at work place as respondents said that include person
cannot get leadership or power equally, decision making is not clear, it reduce participation of
people in the political affairs, people cannot participate in election equally and result in the
unlimited power of the leader of the community. ????????????? replace by educational level
Psychological consequences of gender inequality at work place as respondents stated in include
stress on the people individualism is increase, isolation of people from each other, unhappiness
in their life and create carelessness in the people. Generally there are so many consequences of
gender inequality at work place that people phase in their everyday life.

In item number two respondents stated that the reasons that promote gender inequality at work
place are so many. The factor that aggravate gender inequality at work places including, cultural
background in which the society out look toward gender at a place where they work. Cultural
society classifies the role of man and women. They give high status, work outside of home
decision making for man and they lead the household. They cannot know bride winner. Women
were work in the house or home maker, looking for children and they cannot work outside.

Also, other factors that promotes gender inequality at work place political leaders of the
countries. This policy that which is implemented in the country on the people those living in
county. Previously many leaders cannot give equal right of human being to sustain their daily
life.

There are other factors that promote gender in equality at work place as respondent stated which
include religion. When they say religion as one factor some of the religion cannot promote for
the both sex to work equality outside of home. Also attitude of society toward gender,
dominance of the male or patriarchy in the past and until present is the some of the reason.

In item number three respondents said that many workplaces had gender inequality of the place
that they work to sustain their life. From the work that have or show gender inequality at work
place are include work in factory, working in the office, in the school, in the hospital, in the
market or business area, in the farm area, at the construction place and other work place are show
gender inequality at work place. ???