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Chapter 2_with Comments

The document outlines the concepts of normal and shear strain, including their definitions and applications in various problems. It includes in-class activities, quizzes, and examples demonstrating how to calculate strains in different scenarios. Key formulas and calculations for normal and shear strain are provided to aid understanding.

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3 views

Chapter 2_with Comments

The document outlines the concepts of normal and shear strain, including their definitions and applications in various problems. It includes in-class activities, quizzes, and examples demonstrating how to calculate strains in different scenarios. Key formulas and calculations for normal and shear strain are provided to aid understanding.

Uploaded by

b00098604
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Objectives

 Understand the concept of normal and shear strain


 Apply the concept to determine the strains for various
types of problems

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In-class Activities
1. Reading Quiz
2. Applications
3. Normal Strain
4. Shear Strain
5. Cartesian Strain Components
6. Concept Quiz

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READING QUIZ (cont)

2) What is the unit of strain?

a) mm

b) mm/m

c) Micron

d) no unit

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NORMAL STRAIN

s 's
 avg 
s

s 's
  lim
B  A along n s

s'  1   s

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SHEAR STRAIN

 nt   lim  '
2 B  A along n
C  A along t

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CARTESIAN STRAIN
• The approximate lengths of the sides
of the parallelepiped are
1   x x 1   y 1   z
y z

• The approximate angles between sides, again originally


defined by the sides Δ x, Δ y and Δ z are
  
  xy   yz   xz
2 2 2

• Notice that the normal strains cause a change in volume


of rectangular element, whereas the shear strain cause a
change in shape

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CARTESIAN STRAIN (cont)

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EXAMPLE 1
The slender rod creates a normal strain
in the rod of  z  40103 z1/ 2 where z is in
meters. Determine (a) displacement of
end B due to the temperature increase,
and (b) the average normal strain in the
rod.

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EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
Part (a)
• Since the normal strain is reported at each point along the rod, it has a
deformed length of
   
dz'  1  40 103 z1/ 2 dz

• The sum along the axis yields the deformed length of the rod is

 1  4010 z dz  0.20239 m


0.2
3
z'  1/ 2

• The displacement of the end of the rod is therefore

 B  0.20239 0.2  0.00239m  2.39mm  (Ans)

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EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
Part (b)
• Assumes the rod has an original length of 200 mm and a change in
length of 2.39 mm. Hence,

s 's 2.39
 avg    0.0119 mm/mm (Ans)
s 200

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EXAMPLE 2
Due to a loading, the plate is deformed
into the dashed shape shown in Fig. 2–
6a. Determine (a) the average normal
strain along the side AB, and (b) the
average shear strain in the plate at A
relative to the x and y axes.

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
Part (a)
• Line AB, coincident with the y axis, becomes line after deformation, thus
the length of this line is

AB '  250  22  32  248 .018 mm

• The average normal strain for AB is therefore

AB' AB 248.018  250


 AB avg 
AB

240
 7.93 10 3 mm/mm (Ans)  
• The negative sign indicates the strain causes a contraction of AB.

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
Part (b)
• As noted, the once 90° angle BAC between the sides of the plate,
referenced from the x, y axes, changes to θ’ due to the displacement of B
to B’.

• Since  xy  2   ' then  xy is the angle shown in the figure.

• Thus,
 3 
 xy  tan 1    0.121 rad (Ans)
 250  2 

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EXAMPLE 3 (Cont.)

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EXAMPLE 3

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EXAMPLE 3 (Cont.)

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