Skill Development

Skills development is at the center of changes

happening in education and labor
markets amid the global mega trends, such as
automation, action against climate change, the
digitalization of products and services, and a
shrinking labor force, which are changing the
nature of work and skills demands. Consequently,
skills and workforce development systems must
proactively adapt to fast transformations posed by
automation, climate action, digitalization, and the
evolving labor markets.
These evolving trends will redefine the paradigms
of education and workforce development systems
globally. In the dynamic landscape of the modern
global labor market, education and workforce
development systems must become more
personalized, accessible (allowing for remote and
hybrid learning), and continuous along throughout
workers’ careers– placing “skills development” at
the heart of these global transitions. Moreover,
skills systems globally (and notably in LMICs)
will need to adapt to the fact that many workers
will engage in freelancing/informal jobs or self-
employment that need to become more profitable,
productive, and conducive for economic growth.
To succeed in the 21st century labor market, one
needs a comprehensive skill set composed of:
1.Foundational and higher order skills, which
are cognitive skills that encompass the ability
to understand complex ideas, adapt effectively
to the environment, learn from experience, and
reason. Foundational literacy and numeracy as
well as problem-solving, communication and
informational analysis are cognitive skills.
2.Socio-emotional skills, which describe the
ability to manage relationships, emotions, and
attitudes. These skills include being able to
navigate interpersonal and social situations
effectively, as well as leadership, teamwork,
self-control, and grit.
3.Specialized skills, which refer to the acquired
knowledge, expertise, and interactions needed
to perform a specific task, including the
mastery of required materials, tools, or
technologies. Specialized technical and
cognitive skills as well as entrepreneurship
skills are included in this category.
4.Digital skills, which are cross-cutting and
draw on all of the above skills, describe the
ability to access, manage, understand,
integrate, communicate, evaluate, and create
information safely and appropriately.
 Interviewing Skills
What are interviewing skills?
Interviewing skills are your ability to interact with
the employer or interviewer and show them why
you are the best-fit candidate for the job role. Your
interview skills give an interviewer insight into
how you will communicate in the workplace and
solve problems. It also shows if you can actively
listen and be honest in your work. All these factors
tell your potential employers how well you will fit
in their work environment.During your interview,
the employer may pay attention to your answers
and the non-verbal cues you use while answering
questions. For example, if you tap your foot while
talking, it may show that you are nervous. So, this
skill set helps you highlight the best features that
can differentiate you from other candidates with
similar qualification and work experience.

Why are interviewing skills

important?
Interview skills are important because they give
your potential employer confidence that you can
perform the job duties and accomplish your daily
goals. Additionally, the skills you showcase during
your interview help an employer determine and
validate if your qualifications, experience and
personality meet their requirements. For example,
an employer may prefer interview skills like
excellent verbal communication and confidence
when hiring for a customer service representative
role, as the job role requires a candidate to
communicate confidently with their customers.

What is the most important skill for

an interview?
The most important skill for an interview is verbal
communication because it helps you convey
valuable information about your education,
abilities and experience to a potential employer.
Excellent verbal communication skills can help
you deliver a well-thought-out answer that can
increase your chances of getting hired.

Examples of interview skills

An interview provides you with an opportunity to
show the interviewer the soft skills you have that
will make you a valuable asset to their company.
Here are a few examples of skills you can use
during an interview:
Research capabilities
Good research capabilities help you perform well
in an interview. For instance, you can read and
analyse the job description and customise your
resume based on that research. You should also do
your research on the company you are
interviewing for. That way, when the interviewer
asks you questions like "Why do you want to work
for this company?", you will be able to provide an
informed answer that shows the employer you are
the best-fit candidate for their organisation and its
culture.As part of your research, you can visit the
company website, read the latest news about the
company and talk to some of their employees.
Interview questions preparation
Some basic interview questions are fundamental to
almost every job role. It is always a good idea to
practise such questions before facing your
potential employers. Preparing beforehand for
questions like "Tell me about yourself", "Why
should we hire you?", "What are your greatest
weaknesses?" or "Do you have any questions?" is
an important interview skill, as it shows your
attitude and seriousness about the job role. If you
are applying for a technical role, make a list of
commonly asked technical questions for that job
role and practise them.The more you practise, the
better answers you can provide during the
interview. Moreover, craft your own answers
instead of copying and pasting generic answers
from the Internet.Related: Interview Question:
"Tell Me About Yourself"
Verbal communication
During an interview, employers may pay close
attention to your tone and pitch. They want to see
if you can communicate your ideas clearly and
cohesively. Talking too fast can make you look
anxious. It also prevents you from conveying your
message clearly. The ability to speak calmly to
make sure that others can understand you is a skill
that you can develop through practice.
Non-verbal communication
From the moment you walk into the interview
room, employers will pay close attention to the
non-verbal cues you portray. Non-verbal
communication includes body language, posture,
gestures, facial expression and eye contact. For
example, if you sit with crossed legs or arms
during the interview, it shows that you are nervous
and anxious. Being able to maintain eye contact
and have a smile on your face is important in order
to succeed in an interview.
Time management
Time-management skills are important because
they show that you can plan, prepare and organise
your time. You should reach the interview venue
at least 10 to 15 minutes ahead of time and keep
track of the time you spend answering each
question. Also, before coming for the interview,
plan your mode and route of travel to be punctual.
It is always good to keep some buffer time in case
you encounter heavy traffic or a flat tyre.
Confidence
Self-confidence is the ability to stay confident in
your skills and abilities. This is an essential skill
because it shows that you have trust in yourself.
To showcase a confident attitude during the
interview, control your fidgeting, greet the
employer with a handshake, talk slowly and
maintain eye contact. Also, when you answer the
interview questions confidently during an
interview, it helps make the interviewer feel more
confident about your skills, experience and
knowledge.
Active listening
Active listening is as important as answering the
job interview questions. If you listen properly to
the employer's question, you will be able to
understand what exactly they are looking for and
craft your answers accordingly. It also shows that
you are engaged and serious about the job role.
For example, when an employer asks you, "Do
you have any questions?" instead of asking generic
questions, ask questions based on your
conversation with the employer. This can increase
your chances of getting hired.Related: Active
Listening Skills: Definition and Examples
Positive attitude
Having a positive attitude during an interview can
influence the hiring decision in your favour. For
example, when asked about why you left your
previous job, saying negative things about your
previous employers is not a good way to answer
such questions. So, focus on giving optimistic
reasons for leaving a previous job. You can also
show your positive attitude using active verbs and
positive connotations to present your qualifications
favourably to the employers.
Politeness
Being polite is another critical interview skill.
Apart from the employer, you are likely to meet
several company employees during the interview
process. For example, you may interact with the
receptionist, so greet and talk to them politely.
Also, if a human resources professional escorts
you to the interview room, remember to thank
them. It is imperative to be friendly and polite to
everyone, as it shows how well you can fit in the
organisation and work with others.
Honesty
One skill that makes you a desirable candidate for
a job role is honesty. To show your honesty during
the interview process, make sure that all the
information you provide about yourself is correct.
As most employers perform a background check
on their new hires, there is no point in
exaggerating about your experience, skills and
qualifications.For example, if you have mentioned
in your resume that you are fluent in Spanish, be
ready to demonstrate your skills in the interview. It
is always advisable to write nothing but the truth
on your resume. Being honest can help you gain
the trust of the employer.

What are the 5 top interview

techniques?
Here are the top five interview techniques you can
use to improve your chances of getting hired:
 Make a good first impression.
 Dress appropriately.
 Improve your interview skills.
 Use the STAR technique to answer questions.
 Express gratitude after the interview.

What is the STAR method when

interviewing?
The STAR interview response technique helps a
candidate prepare for behavioural and situational
interview questions. STAR stands for situation,
task, action and result. With this technique, you
can use real-life examples to give clear and
concise answers. When using the STAR technique,
formulate your answer using the following steps:
 Presentation skills
Presentation skills you can develop:
 Audience analysis: Understand your
audience's needs and expectations, and tailor
your presentation to them.
 Confidence: Overcome nervousness and stage
fright by being confident in your skills.
 Storytelling: Use storytelling to engage your
audience and convey information in a
memorable way.
 Nonverbal communication: How you carry
yourself and present yourself is just as
important as what you say.
 Time management: Learn to communicate
your message quickly and clearly in a
limited amount of time.
 Visual aids: Use visuals like slides, charts,
and videos to support your verbal
message.
 Enunciation and clarity: Focus on
delivering your presentation clearly and
with good enunciation.
 Active listening: Be an active listener.
 Body language awareness: Be aware of
your body language.
 Memorization: Memorize your
presentation.

Presentation skills can help you connect

with your audience and get your point
across. They are essential for nearly every
job, and training can help you improve
your personal communication skills and
persuasiveness.
What are presentation skills?
Presentation skills are the abilities and
qualities necessary for creating and
 delivering a compelling presentation
that effectively communicates
information and ideas. They encompass
what you say, how you structure it, and
the materials you include to support
what you say, such as slides, videos, or
images.
You'll make presentations at various
times in your life. Examples include:
 Making speeches at a wedding,
conference, or another event
 Making a toast at a dinner or event
 Explaining projects to a team
 Delivering results and findings to
management teams
 Teaching people specific methods or
information
 Proposing a vote at community group
meetings
 Pitching a new idea or business to
potential partners or investors
Why are presentation skills
important?
Delivering effective presentations is
critical in your professional and
personal life. You’ll need to hone your
presentation skills in various areas, such
as when giving a speech, convincing
your partner to make a substantial
purchase, and talking to friends and
family about an important situation.
Whether you’re using them in a
personal or professional setting, these
skills make it easier and more effective
to convey your ideas, convince or
persuade others, and experience
success. A few of the benefits that often
accompany improving your presentation
skills include:
 Enriched written and verbal
communication skills
 Enhanced confidence and self-image
 Boosted critical thinking and problem-
solving capabilities
 Better motivational techniques
 Increased leadership skills
 Expanded time management,
negotiation, and creativity
The better your presenting techniques,
the more engaging your presentations
will be. You could also have greater
opportunities to impact business and
other areas of your life positively.

Effective presentation
skills
Imagine yourself in the audience at a
TED Talk or sitting with your
coworkers at a big meeting held by your
employer. What would you be looking
for in how they deliver their message?
What would make you feel engaged?
Those are a few questions to ask
yourself as you review this list of
effective presentation skills.
Verbal communication
How you use language and deliver
messages is essential to how your
audience will receive your presentation.
Speak clearly and confidently,
projecting your voice enough to ensure
everyone can hear. Think before you
speak, pausing when necessary, and
tailoring the way you talk to resonate
with your particular audience.
Body language
Body language combines critical
elements, including posture, gestures,
eye contact, expressions, and position in
front of the audience. Body language is
one of the elements that can instantly
transform a presentation that would
otherwise be dull into one that's
dynamic and interesting.
Voice projection
Projecting your voice improves your
presentation by allowing your audience
to hear you. It also increases your
confidence, helping to settle lingering
nerves while making your message
more engaging. To project your voice,
stand comfortably with your shoulders
back. Take deep breaths to power your
voice and ensure you enunciate every
syllable.
Posture
How you present yourself affects your
body language and ability to project
your voice. It also sets the tone for the
presentation. Remain open, upright, and
adaptable while considering the
formality of the occasion instead of
slouching or looking overly tense.
Storytelling
Many powerful public speakers use
storytelling effectively and incorporate
it into their presentations. Storytelling
can bring your subject to life and pique
the audience’s curiosity. Don’t be afraid
to tell a personal story, slowly building
up suspense or adding a dramatic
moment. And, of course, be sure to end
with a positive takeaway to drive your
point home.
Active listening
Active listening is a valuable skill all on
its own. When you understand and
thoughtfully respond to what you hear
—whether it's in a conversation or
during a presentation—you’ll likely
deepen your personal relationships and
actively engage audiences during a
presentation. As part of your
presentation skill set, it helps catch and
maintain the audience’s attention,
helping them remain focused while
minimising passive response, ensuring
the message is delivered correctly, and
encouraging a call to action.
Stage presence
During a presentation, projecting
confidence can help keep your audience
engaged. Stage presence can help you
connect with your audience and
encourage them to want to watch you.
To improve your presence, try
amplifying your normal demeanour
with enthusiasm. Project confidence and
keep your information interesting.
Watch your audience as you present. If
you hold their attention, it likely means
you’re connecting well with them.
Self-awareness
Monitoring your emotions and reactions
will allow you to react well in various
situations. It will also help you remain
personable throughout your presentation
and handle feedback well. Self-
awareness can help soothe nervousness
during presentations, allowing you to
perform more effectively.
Writing skills
Writing is a form of presentation. Sharp
writing skills can help you master your
presentation’s outline to ensure you stay
on message and remain clear about your
objectives from the beginning until the
end. It’s also helpful to have strong
writing abilities for creating compelling
slides and other visual aids.
Understanding an audience
When you understand your audience's
needs and interests, you can design your
presentation around them. This will
deliver maximum value to them and
enhance your ability to make your
message easy to understand.
How to improve presentation
skills
Public speaking is an art form of sorts,
and just like any other type of art, this is
one that requires practice. Improving
your presentation skills will help reduce
miscommunications, enhance your time
management capabilities, and boost
your leadership skills. The following
offers a few tips to help you improve
these skills:
Work on self-confidence.
When you’re confident, you naturally
speak more clearly and with more
authority. Preparing your presentation
with a strong opening and compelling
visual aids can help you feel more
confident. Other ways to improve your
self-confidence include practising
positive self-talk, surrounding yourself
with positive people, and avoiding
comparing yourself (or your
presentation) to others.
Develop strategies for
overcoming fear.
Many people are nervous or fearful
before giving a presentation. A bad
memory of past performance or
insufficient self-confidence can
contribute to fear and anxiety. Having a
few go-to strategies like deep breathing,
practising your presentation, and
grounding can help you transform that
fear into extra energy to put into your
stage presence.
Learn grounding techniques.
Grounding is a technique that helps you
steer your focus away from distressing
thoughts and keeps you connected with
your present self. To ground yourself,
 stand with your feet shoulder-width
apart and imagine you’re a large, mature
tree with roots extending deep into the
earth—like the tree, you can become
unshakable.
Learn how to use presentation tools.
Visual aids and other technical support
can transform an otherwise good
presentation into a wow-worthy one. A
few popular presentation tools include:
 Canva: Provides easy-to-design
templates you can customise
 Powtoon: Animation software that
makes video creation fast and easy
 PowerPoint: Microsoft's iconic
program popular for dynamic marketing
and sales presentations
Practice breathing techniques.
Breathing techniques can help quell
anxiety, making it easier to shake off
pre-presentation jitters and nerves. It
also helps relax your muscles and get
more oxygen to your brain. For some
pre-presentation calmness, you can take
deep breaths, slowly inhaling through
your nose and exhaling through your
mouth.
While presenting, breathe in through
your mouth with the back of your
tongue relaxed so your audience doesn't
hear a gasping sound. Speak on your
exhalation, maintaining a smooth voice.
Gain experience.
The more you practice, the better you’ll
become. The more you do anything, the
more comfortable you’ll feel engaging
in that activity. Presentations are no
different. Repeatedly practising your
own presentation also offers the
opportunity to get feedback from other
people and tweak your style and content
as needed.
Tips to help you ace your
presentation
Your presentation isn’t about you but
the material you’re presenting.
Sometimes, reminding yourself of this
ahead of taking centre stage can help
take you out of your head and allow you
to connect effectively with your
audience. The following are many
actions you can take on the day of your
presentation.
Arrive early.
Since you may have a bit of
presentation-related anxiety, it’s
important to avoid adding travel stress.
Give yourself ample time to arrive at
your destination, and consider heavy
traffic and other unforeseen events. By
arriving early, you also give yourself
time to meet with any on-site
technicians, test your equipment, and
connect with people ahead of the
presentation.
Become familiar with the layout of
the room.
Arriving early also allows you to assess
the room and determine where you want
to stand. Experiment with the acoustics
to determine how loudly you need to
project your voice and test your
equipment to make sure everything
connects and appears properly with the
available setup. This is an excellent
opportunity to work out any last-minute
concerns and move around to
familiarise yourself with the setting for
improved stage presence.
Listen to the presenters
ahead of you.
When you watch others present, you'll
get a feel for the room's acoustics and
lighting. You can also listen for any
relevant data and revisit it during your
presentation—this can make the
presentation more interactive and
engaging.
Use note cards.
Writing yourself a script could provide
you with more comfort. To prevent
sounding too robotic or disengaged,
only include talking points in your note
cards if you get off track. Using note
cards can help keep your presentation
organised while sounding more
authentic to your audience.
Improve your presentation
skills with Coursera.
Cultivating effective presentation skills can
be helpful in your personal and
professional life, aiding you in everything
from making a toast at your next
celebration to pitching your team on a new
project. Rehearsing your presentation and
preparing ahead of time can help smooth
the way forward, but these are only two
options to improve your presentation skills.
Learn to deliver clear and confident
presentations with Dynamic Public
Speaking from the University of
Washington. Build confidence, develop
new delivery techniques, and practice
strategies for crafting compelling
presentations for different purposes,
occasions, and audiences.
 Manners and
etiquette
Manners and etiquette are related but
different, with manners being an
expression of inner character and
etiquette being a set of rules for exterior
form:
 Manners
How someone behaves towards others,
and is an expression of their inner
character. Manners are based on
common sense, generosity, and specific
know-how.
 Etiquette
 The rules that govern how someone
should behave in a social or
professional setting. Etiquette is a set
of norms that are expected and
accepted by a society, social class, or
group.
Here are some examples of good
manners:
 Being respectful
 Being considerate
 Being kind
 Showing appreciation and gratitude
 Being responsive
 Being courteous
 Speaking highly of others
 Being helpful
 Being friendly and cheerful
Here are some examples of
etiquette: Writing a thank you note,
 Avoiding manspreading, and Being
conscious of how you sit.
Time management is the practice of
planning and controlling how you
spend your time to be more productive
and efficient. It can apply to many areas
of life, including work, family, social
life, hobbies, and personal interests.
Here are some tips for better time
management:
 Set goals
Make sure your goals are SMART:
specific, measurable, attainable,
relevant, and timely.
 Prioritize tasks
Focus on completing urgent or
important tasks first.
 Avoid distractions
 Set aside a time to check email, and
turn off notifications. You can also
communicate your availability to
family and friends so they know when
you're not available.

 Use a calendar
Keep all your tasks, meetings, and
deadlines in one place. Online calendar
apps can help you check your calendar
across devices and set reminders.
 Track your time
Log your daily activities for a week to
see how you're currently spending your
time. This can help you identify
timesucks and focus on activities that
are most productive.
 Use the 4 Ds
The 4 Ds are delete, delegate, defer,
and do. This can help you streamline
 decision-making and allocate resources
more strategically.
 What Is Time Management? 6
Strategies to Better Manage Your Time

Time
Management
Skills
What is time management?
Time management is the coordination
of tasks and activities to maximize the
effectiveness of an individual's efforts.
Essentially, the purpose of time
management is to enable people to get
more and better work done in less time.
Elements of time management include
organization, planning and scheduling
to best take advantage of the time
available. Time management techniques
also take into account an individual's
particular situation and their relevant
capabilities and characteristics.
Why is time management important?
The importance of time management is
in its ability to assign meaning to time,
letting people make the most of their
time. In a business context, it is used to
set goals and expectations for
companies and their employees. Good
time management skills help employees
deliver quality work and meet their
goals effectively. Time management
also helps managers to understand what
employees are capable of and to set
realistic goals.
Poor time management skills cause
employees to miss goals and deliver
poor work, become overly stressed
out and anxious, and run short of time.
When time is used inefficiently, it has
deleterious effects on employees,
management and the company.
Time poverty is a result of poor or
nonexistent time management. People
find themselves in this state when they
have too much to do and too little time
to do it. Their personal lives suffer, and
they feel increasingly
overwhelmed with responsibilities and
activities despite working hard.
Time management requires active
decisions about what a person wants to
do. Without time management,
individuals continually react to external
stimuli and lose a sense of control over
their work and lives.
All work takes time, but some tasks are
more valuable than others. Reallocating
time to higher-value work improves
both productivity and work-life
balance. Good time management
creates a healthier workplace overall.
Benefits of time management
The benefits of effective time
management apply equally to the
business and its employees. Some of
these benefits include the following:

 Happier employees. When

employees have enough time to get
their work done, they are happier and
less prone to burnout.
 Improved creativity. When
not stressed by time issues, employees
have the space and energy to be more
creative in their work. They can
actively engage with their work
instead of passively reacting to it.
This increases innovation.
 Lower absenteeism. Stressed
and burned-out employees take more
sick and other time off.
 Lower turnover. With a better
work experience, employees are likely
to stay at a job and not look
elsewhere.
 Increased
productivity. Employees who are
less likely to be absent and who enjoy
their work are more productive.
 Enhanced
reputation. Businesses that
encourage effective time management
are known as good places to
work, improving employee
recruitment and retention.

Cr
eating a mindfulness program is a good
way to show employees they are valued
and help them achieve their full
potential.
Challenges of time management
Mallary Tytel, founder of consultancy
Healthy Workplaces, categorizes
barriers to effective time management
as either internal or external.
Internal barriers are ones that come
from the individual and are within the
individual's control. They include
factors such as the following:

 Lack of self-control. An
individual who lacks self-control is
prone to distraction and might miss
goals because of this.
 Procrastination. People put off
tasks until they feel pressured to
complete them. This is a reactive
behavior.
 Lack of motivation. An
individual might not see the reason for
completing something, choosing to do
something else and setting other
goals.
 Anxiety. Individuals experiencing
stress likely find it harder to focus and
be decisive.
 People pleasing. A person who
is preoccupied with pleasing everyone
inevitably fails because other people
have conflicting needs; the individual
will spread themselves too thin trying
to please them all.
 Multitasking. Trying to do too
many things at once, or Multitasking,
can mean failing at all of them.
These internal factors relate to an
individual's habits, behaviors and
actions. Though the behaviors might be
unconscious or ingrained, an individual
has the power to moderate their
behaviors and change the way they use
time.
External barriers are factors that come
from outside the individual. They
include factors such as the following:

 Workload. An individual can end

up with more work than they can
handle.
 Job constraints. The job or
workplace might keep the individual
from reaching their goals.
 Lack of corporate
resources. A company might not
provide the resources employees need
to complete their jobs. For example, it
 might be a remote-only position, but
the company doesn't
provide collaboration tools for team
members to work well remotely.
 Distractions. External life
factors, such as a family emergency or
a global pandemic, might disrupt an
individual's ability to manage their
time effectively. Basic time wasters
such as social media can also be a
time suck.
External barriers, unlike internal ones,
are not within the individual's control.
They come from the outside
environment. However, the individual
can control how they react to these
barriers.
Time management tips and
techniques
Below are a few tips for achieving
better time management:
 Keep a journal of activities for a week
to identify the times of day that are
likely to be most productive. Use that
information to guide scheduling tasks.
 Take time at the start of each workday
to make a to-do list of measurable
goals and methods of reaching them.
 Schedule daily tasks according to
priority and include unscheduled time
in the day.
 Manage your communication
availability. Open email and instant
messaging applications at scheduled
times rather than engaging with them
all day.
 Follow other email management best
practices, such as processing your
email in batches and organizing
 messages to be dealt with at a later
time.
 Assume periodic interruptions will
happen and add time to specific tasks
to allow for them.
 Manage your workload. Don't agree
to more work than you can
comfortably do and discuss
unreasonable demands with
management.

U
sing these tips and techniques,
teams can decide what matters
and how to use time most
effectively.
Below are some time
management techniques and
tools:
 Pareto analysis. Based on the
Pareto principle, Pareto analysis states
that 80% of consequences come from
20% of causes. It is useful for
categorizing courses of action according
to their importance or value in a given
context. It helps people use resources
efficiently.
The Eisenhower matrix helps prioritize
importance over urgency.
 Eisenhower
matrix. The Eisenhower matrix is a
tool to help with prioritization that
divides tasks into urgent tasks and
important tasks. The goal is to get
people to prioritize more important
tasks over less important but more
time-sensitive ones that take attention
from the important ones.
 Time blocking. Time blocking is
a time management method that
 divides the day into specific blocks of
time.
 Getting Things Done
method. The Getting Things Done
method is an approach to task
management that helps individuals
stop overthinking big and small tasks,
and start prioritizing them, with the
goal of reducing stress levels to
increase productivity and clarity of
thought. It involves writing
everything down, categorizing it by
importance and then doing the tasks.
 Pomodoro
technique. The Pomodoro
technique breaks time into 25-minute
time slots of focused work
interspersed with five-minute breaks,
with a longer break after four
consecutive work intervals. This helps
 people resist the urge to procrastinate
and multitask.
 Productivity apps. Productivity
apps can be used to set reminders and
create schedules.
Time management and
management theory
Many of the time management
techniques are used in project
management to help teams reach their
goals.
Below are some broader theories and
concepts related to time management
strategies:

 Parkinson's law. The amount of

work required to complete a given
task will expand to fill the time
 allotted to the task, according to
Parkinson's law.
 The 70% rule. By conserving
energy, people can achieve better
productivity while working at a less
intense pace, according to the 70%
rule.
 Hofstadter's law. A task always
takes longer than estimated to
complete, according to Hofstadter's
law. People overestimate the benefits
of a system -- in this case, the
individual's capacity to work under a
time constraint.
 Pickle jar theory. The pickle jar
theory is a visual metaphor to
illustrate the fact that a person's day
can be filled with many small,
unimportant things that take away
space from the important things.
Time management is an integral
component of business process
management (BPM), which involves
streamlining workflows to increase
efficiency. Like time management, BPM
comes with its own set of challenges.
Check out these seven impediments to
business process efficiency and how to
fix them.

Personality
development
 Personality development is the process
of changing, enhancing, or developing
one's personality over time. It can be a
natural process that happens throughout
life, or it can be modified through
intentional efforts.
Personality development involves:
 Developing talents: Improving
awareness, potential, and developing
talents
 Building human
capital: Facilitating employability
and contributing to the realization of
dreams and aspirations
 Improving quality of
life: Enhancing the quality of life
 Developing a recognizable
style of life: Developing a
 recognizable style of life, personal
roles, and role behaviors
 Developing a set of values
and goals: Developing a set of
values and goals
 Developing characteristic
traits: Developing characteristic
traits
Some activities that can help with
personality development include:
 Taking time out of the day to calm your
mind and focus on your thoughts
 Practicing mindful breathing to regulate
emotions and decrease stress
Genes can also play a role in
personality development, as they can
affect how you act and feel.
Personality
Development
Personality development is defined as
the development process that enhances
the personality, attitude, behavior,
and making unique from the crowd.
Everyone possesses the qualities that
make him/her different from the rest.
Every person has a mix of good and bad
qualities, which determines their
response towards people and situations.
The factors, such as genetics,
environment, parenting, etc. can
influence personality among different
people.
Research of psychologists reveals that a
person can easily change his/her
personality if he/she wishes to do so.
These traits are stable over time and can
be improved if a person wants to.
We can become, what we want, i.e., the
best version of ourselves.
Personality development tips
and tricks
Let's discuss the tips and tricks to
improve our personality, which is listed
below:
o Don't compare ourselves
with others
We should never compare ourselves
with others. Everyone possesses
different qualities; It lowers our
confidence and self-esteem. It acts
as an obstacle between our
personalities and does not let us
bloom our strengths.
o Be kind to everyone.
We are always taught to be kind to
others since our childhood. Still,
some of us fail to do so. Studies
show that kindness to self and others
brings happiness, prosperity,
wisdom, and other positive traits.
It is further categorized into four
steps, which are listed below:
o Remember that we deserve
kindness and affection from
ourselves.
o Remember that we have no right
to be unkind to others.
o We should be aware of the
emotions and feelings of others.
o Remember that mistakes are a
part of life. Learn to start again
after learning from our mistakes.
o Be friendly
Some people can easily talk to
anyone around them. Such persons
are more likable; No one wants to
communicate with a straight face
person. We should learn to smile. Be
friendly and try to help others as
much as we can.
o Be passionate
Such people are different from the
crowd. They value the power of
time, are obsessed, and have strong
beliefs. It makes us live our life to
the fullest. So, we should be
passionate about our life despite any
opposed situations.
o Add style to our look.
Adding styles to our look enhances
our personality. The keys to add
styles are enthusiasm and a relaxed
 mind. Never let anyone distract the
concentration at the workplace.
Always try to keep the mind calm
and relaxed.
o Don't fear mistakes.
Mistakes often happen, and there is
nothing to worry about. It is a part of
life. Learn from the mistakes and try
to come back with more confidence.
o Practice communication
skills
Communication is the successful
transfer of views and feelings. It is
essential to practice good
communication skills. Such skills
help us to develop healthy relations
and confidence. Our positive
behavior, body language, gestures,
facial expressions, etc. also play a
vital role to enhance our personality.
o Focus on the appearance
The dressing is a significant part of
our appearance. We usually have
different dressing styles for office,
parties, colleges, etc. A person
should be well dressed according to
the environment; It is the first
impression on the people around us.
But, the dressing does not mean to
be uncomfortable. Try to dress in
comfortable attire.
o Do not Copy anyone
During a group discussion or any
communication, some people copy
the speaker due to a lack of
information. It creates a negative
impression.
Everyone has its perspective. We
should try to represent the
information in our own words.
o Be strong
Never let the pressure to overcome
the skills. Be strong and face every
task with confidence. There are two
outcomes of a challenge, either lose
or win. Lose does not mean that we
are not capable. Instead, we learn
something invaluable.
How well we perform during a
challenge is an outstanding
achievement. Do not focus on the
final results. Be strong, and always
try to give the best.
o Remember the power of
breath.
Sometimes, it becomes challenging
to stay calm during pressure,
headache, etc. In such situations, a
deep breath can give us freedom
from pressure and fear. Once we
 become habitual, the power of a
deep breath will diminish all our
stress.
o Be confident
Confidence defines the strength and
ability to face problems. It not only
enhances our personality but also
removes our discomfort for effective
communication.
Don't let overconfidence to
overcome ourselves.
Overconfidence lets us misjudge our
learning, values, opinion, and
abilities.

o Always focus and maintain

eye contact.
Lack of focus and eye contact shows
the disinterest of an individual. It not
only distracts the mind of the
 speaker but also creates a negative
impact.
o Set the goal
Many people believe in hard work,
but do not have a direction or goal.
Note down what we want to become
and what directions can take us to
that goal. We should follow the
SMART goal, which depicts the
following:

The above technique is followed by

successful business people, athletes,
etc. It gives us motivation with long-
term vision. We can easily organize our
ideas, resources, and thoughts to
accomplish the task between our
journeys to reach the goal.

Importance of
personality
development
Let's discuss the importance of
personality development.
o Overcome stress issues
Studies show that personality
development can help us to
overcome the stress issues. It also
helps us interact with people quickly
and convey our thoughts without
hesitation positively.
o Makes us smart
Personality development makes us
smarter. It enhances our presentable
skills to stand out from the crowd. It
is essential in every field, such as
 sales, marketing, job interviews,
meetings, etc. It is a competitive
skill, which is crucial to develop in a
competitive world.
o Boosts confidence
Personality development helps us to
enhance our skills, boost confidence,
and soften our behavior. It first
focuses on understanding self. Our
confidence reflects our
communication. The more
confidence, the better we
communicate with others.
o Improves our attire
Most people are not aware of the
dressing style, which is different
according to the occasions.
It addresses the following styles:
o Do not wear tight clothes.
 o Our attire should be neat and
clean.
o Our clothes should be properly
ironed.
o Polish the shoes for any formal
outgoing, such as job interviews.
o Makes us reliable
People with good personalities are
often looked for suggestions and
problem sharing. Hence, it plays a
vital role in the development of a
person.
o Develop positivity
Positivity helps us to deal with
difficult situations with ease. It
means that we can quickly analyze
the problematic situation with a
good personality and solve it to
resolve them. It also helps in terms
of decision-making, relationships,
 professional workspace, and
personal life.
o Makes new friends
Personality development teaches us
to behave and respond positively.
Everyone wants to talk to the people
who have a positive attitude, good
behavior, and smile on their face.
People attract to such personalities.
It helps to gain respect and
acceptance in society, workplace,
school, or any organization.