P3.

1 x m  y m 
0  3 600
3 000 0
1 270 1 270
4 270 m 2 330 m

Net displacement  x 2  y 2 at tan 1 y x 

ANS. FIG. P3.1
(a)

R  4.87 km at 28.6 S of W

(b) Average speed 

20.0 m/ s 180 s   25.0 m/ s 120 s   30.0 m/ s 60.0 s 
180 s  120 s  60.0 s
 23.3 m/ s

4.87 103 m
(c) Average velocity   13.5 m/s along R
360 s

P3.4 (a) v f  vi  a t

a
v f  vi

 9.00 m/sˆi  7.00 m/sˆj  3.00 m/sˆi  2.00 m/sˆj
t 3.00 s

 2.00ˆi  3.00ˆj m/s  2

(b)
1
2
 1
 
r f  ri  v i t  a t 2  3.00ˆi  2.00ˆj m/s t  2.00ˆi  3.00ˆj m/s 2 t 2
2

x  3.00t  t 2  m and y  1.50t 2  2.00t  m

P3.5  
vi  4.00ˆi  1.00ˆj m/s and v(20.0)  20.0ˆi  5.00ˆj m/s  
v x 20.0 m/ s  4.00 m/ s
(a) ax    0.800 m/ s 2
t 20.0 s
v y 5.00 m/ s  1.00 m/ s
ay    0.300 m/ s 2
t 20.0 s
 0.300 m/ s 2 
  tan  1
 20.6  339 from  x axis
 0.800 m/ s 2 
(b)

(c) At t = 25.0 s the fish’s position is specified by its coordinates and

the direction of its motion is specified by the direction angle of its
velocity:

50
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 Chapter 3 51

1 2
x f  x i  v xit  ax t
2
1
 10.0 m  4.00 m/ s (25.0 s)  (0.800 m/ s 2 )(25.0 s)2
2
 360 m
1 2
y f  y i  v yit  ay t
2
1
 4.00 m  1.00 m/ s (25.0 s)  (0.300 m/ s 2 )(25.0 s)2
2
 72.7 m

v xf  v xi  ax t  4.00 m/ s  0.800 m/ s 2 (25.0 s)  24 m/ s

v yf  v yi  ay t  1.00 m/ s  0.300 m/ s 2 (25.0 s)  6.50 m/ s
vy  6.50 m/ s 
  tan 1  tan 1   15.2
vx  24.0 m/ s 

P3.8 From Equation 3.16 with R = 15.0 m, vi = 3.00 m/s, and  max  45.0:
v i2 sin 2 v i2 sin 90 9.00 m 2 / s 2
g planet     0.600 m/ s 2
R R 15.0 m
P3.13 (a) From the particle under constant velocity model in the x direction,
find the time at which the ball arrives at the goal:
x f  xi 36.0 m  0
x f  x i  v it  t    2.99 s
v xi (20 m/ s) cos 53.0

From the particle under constant acceleration model in the y

direction, find the height of the ball at this time:
1 2
y f  y i  v yit  ay t
2
1
yf = 0 + (20.0 m/s) sin 53.0°(2.99 s) – (9.80 m/s2)(2.99 s)2
2
yf = 3.94 m

Therefore, the ball clears the crossbar by

3.94 m – 3.05 m = 0.89 m .

(b) Use the particle under constant acceleration model to find the
time at which the ball is at its highest point in its trajectory:

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 52 Motion in Two Dimensions

v yf  v yi (20.0 m/ s) sin 53.0  0

v yf  v yi  gt  t    1.63 s
g 9.80 m s 2

Because this is earlier than the time at which the ball reaches the
goal, the ball clears the goal on its way down.

P3.15 Ans. Fig P3.15 indicates that a line extending along the slope will past
through the end of the ramp, so we may take the position of the skier
as she leaves the rap to be the origin of our coordinate system.
(a) Measured from the end of the ramp, the skier lands a distance d
down the slope at time t:
x  vxi t
 d cos 50.0  (10.0 m/s)(cos15.0) t

and
1 2
y  v yi t  gt 
2
1
d sin 50.0  (10.0 m/s)(sin15.0)t  (9.80 m/s 2 )t 2
2

Solving, d  43.2 m and t = 2.88 s.

ANS. FIG. P3.15

(b) Since ax = 0,

vxf  vxi  10.0 m/s  cos15.0  9.66 m/s

v yf  v yi  a y t  10.0 m/s  sin15.0   9.80 m/s 2  (2.88 s)
 25.6 m s

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 Chapter 3 53

P3.17 The horizontal kick gives zero vertical velocity to the rock. Then its
time of flight follows from
1
y f  yi  v yi t  a y t 2
2
40.0 m  0  0   9.80 m s 2  t 2
1
2
t  2.86 s
The extra time 3.00 s – 2.86 s = 0.14 s is the time required for the
sound she hears to travel straight back to the player. It covers
distance

(343 m/ s) 0.143 s  49.0 m  x 2  (40.0 m )2

where x represents the horizontal distance the rock travels.

x  28.3 m  v xit  0t 2
28.3 m
 v xi   9.91 m/ s
2.86 s
P3.21 (a) The speed at the top is
vx  vi cos i  143 m/s  cos 45  101 m/s

(b) In free fall the plane reaches altitude given by

v yf2  v yi2  2a y  y f  yi 
0  143 m s sin 45   2  9.8 m s 2   y f  31 000 ft 
2

 3.28 ft 
y f  31 000 ft  522 m    3.27 10 ft
4

 1m 
(c) For the whole free-fall motion vyf = vyi + ayt:

101 m/s  101 m/s   9.80 m/s 2  t

t  20.6 s

v2
P3.26 ac  . Let f represent the rotation rate. Each revolution carries each
r
bit of metal through distance 2 r, so v  2 rf and

v2
ac   4 2 rf 2  100g
r
A smaller radius implies smaller acceleration. To meet the criterion for
each bit of metal we consider the minimum radius:

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 54 Motion in Two Dimensions

12
 100  9.8 m/s 2 
12
f   2    2
100 g

 4 r   4  0.021 m  
 34.4 
1 60 s 
  2.06 10 rev/min
3

s  1 min 

v2
a  , T  24 h 3 600 s h   86 400 s
R
2 R 2 6.37  10 m 
6

P3.28 v   463 m s
T 86 400 s

a
463 m s 2  0.033 7 m/ s 2 directed tow ard the center of Earth
6.37  10 m 6

P3.31 r = 2.50 m, a = 15.0 m/s2

(a) 
ac  a cos 30.0  15.0 m s 2 cos 30 
 13.0 m s 2

v2
(b) ac 
r
so v  rac  2.50 m 13.0 m/ s 
2

 32.5 m 2 s 2 ANS. FIG. P3.31

v  32.5 m/ s  5.70 m/ s

(c) a2  at2  ar2

so at  a2  ar2  15.0 m s   13.0 m s 

2 2 2 2
 7.50 m s 2

P3.34 The bumpers are initially 100 m = 0.100 km apart. After time t the
bumper of the leading car travels (40.0 km/h) t, while the bumper of the chasing
car travels 60.0t. Since the cars are side by side at time t, we have
0.100 km   40.0 km/ h  t  60.0 km/ h  t
yielding

t  5.00  103 h  18.0 s

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 Chapter 3 55

P3.42 (a) Reference frame: Earth

The ice chest floats downstream 2 km in time interval ∆t, so
2 km = vow∆t  ∆t = 2 km/vow

The upstream motion of the boat is described by

d = (v – vow)(15 min)

and the downstream motion is described by

d + 2 km = (v – vow)(∆t – 15 min)

We substitute the above expressions for ∆t and d:

 2 km 
 v  vow 15?min   2 km   v  vow    15 min 
 vow 
v 15?min   vow 15 min   2 km
v
  2 km   2 km  v 15 min   vow 15 min 
vow
v
v  30?min    2 km 
vow
vow  4.00 km h.

(b) Reference frame: water

After the boat travels so that it and its starting point are 2 km
apart, the chest enters the water, where, in the frame of the water,
it is motionless. The boat then travels upstream for 15 min at
speed v, and then downstream at the same speed, to return to the
same point where the chest is at rest in the water. Thus, the boat
travels for a total time interval of 30 min. During this same time
interval, the starting point approaches the chest at speed vow,
traveling 2 km. Thus,
x 2 km
vow    4.00 km h
ttotal 30 min

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