A PROJECT REPORT

ON
“A WEB BASED APPLICATION
FOR
ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
USING QR CODE SCANNING”

Submitted By
Subhapriyam Dash
BPUT Reg. No. -2305280150
Department of Master of Computer Applications

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Master of Computer

Applications examination of BPUT ODISHA-2025

Under The Guidance Of

Prof. Pravakar Mishra
HOD
Department of MCA

NIIS Institute Of Business Administration

Sarada Vihar, Madanpur, Khurdha, Odisha, 752054
www.niisgroup.org
 A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“A WEB BASED APPLICATION
FOR
ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
USING QR CODE SCANNING”

Submitted By
Subhapriyam Dash
BPUT Reg. No. -2305280150
Department of Master of Computer Applications

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Master of Computer

Applications examination of BPUT ODISHA-2025

Under The Guidance Of

Prof. Pravakar Mishra
HOD
Department of MCA

NIIS Institute Of Business Administration

Sarada Vihar, Madanpur, Khurdha, Odisha, 752054
www.niisgroup.org
 DECLARATION
I, Subhapriyam Dash, hereby declare that the project entitled “A Web Based Application for
Attendance Management System Using QR Code Scanning” submitted to Department of
Master of Computer Applications that has been carried under the Supervision of my guide
Prof. Pravakar Mishra, HOD, Dept. of MCA, as NIIS Institute Of Business
Administration partial fulfilment of requirement Master of Computer Applications. The
matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree
or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Submitted By

Subhapriyam Dash
BPUT Reg.No.-2305280150

Signature of the Student

 NIIS INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

CERTIFICATE

CERTIFIED THAT THE PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED

“A WEB BASED APPLICATION

FOR
ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
USING QR CODE SCANNING”

Has been carried out by

Subhapriyam Dash
Reg.no.- 2305280150

The 4th semester students of Master of Computer Applications of NIIS Institute Of Business
Administration, Bhubaneswar under our supervision and guidance have completed this project this
project for partial fulfilment of the requirement of Master of Computer Applications during the academic
year of 2023 – 2025.

Principal Head of the Dept. Project Guide External

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who have
contributed to the successful completion of my project. Undertaken as part of the curriculum
of the Department of Master of Computer Applications, this project has been a challenging
yet rewarding experience. I could not have achieved my goals without the unwavering
support and valuable assistance of the following individuals:
First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Pravakar Mishra, HOD, Dept of MCA, NIIS
Institute Of Business Administration, Bhubaneswar for providing me with valuable guidance,
feedback, and support throughout the duration of the project. Their expertise, encouragement,
and constructive criticism have been invaluable in shaping my ideas and improving the
quality of my work. I would like to express my heartfelt to all the teachers and staff members
of MCA Department for their full support. I would also like to thank our principal for
conductive environment in the institution.
I am grateful to my friends and family for their unwavering support and encouragement
throughout the ups and downs of this project. Their belief in me has been a constant source of
motivation and inspiration.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support of the participants or respondents, whose
participation in my study was critical to my research.
Thank you all for your valuable contributions to my college project.

Subhapriyam Dash
BPUT Reg.No.-2305280150
Dept. of MCA
 ABSTRACT

A Web Based Application for Attendance Management System Using QR Code Scanning is
a web-based application developed under the Department of MCA to automate and simplify
the process of recording student attendance in educational institutions. This system replaces
traditional manual methods with a modern, accurate, and real-time QR code-based approach,
minimizing errors and preventing proxy attendance. The application is built using Spring
Boot for the backend, ensuring secure and efficient server-side operations, while Hibernate
(JPA) is used for seamless interaction with the MySQL database. The frontend is developed
using React.js with Vite, styled using Tailwind CSS, and structured with HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript to create a responsive and user-friendly interface. The system supports three types
of users—Students, Teachers, and Admins—with distinct functionalities tailored to their
roles. Students can register and generate their own QR codes using React QR Code Canvas,
which are used for attendance. Teachers scan these QR codes using Black Box Vision QR
Reader, and attendance is recorded only if the last entry was made more than 20 minutes ago,
which prevents duplicate or unintended entries. Admins are responsible for managing the
entire system, with the ability to add or edit teacher and admin accounts, update student
records, and reset monthly attendance logs. This role-based access structure ensures data
integrity and operational control. The system improves institutional efficiency by eliminating
manual attendance tasks, enhancing accuracy, and providing an organized digital record. Its
intuitive design supports both desktop and mobile access, making it practical for everyday
classroom use. The use of modern web technologies ensures high performance, fast loading
times, and future scalability. The application is also capable of being extended with features
like biometric or facial recognition in future iterations. By integrating QR technology with a
structured database system and clean interface, the Attendance Management System delivers
a practical, reliable, and efficient solution for digital attendance tracking. It reflects a strong
alignment with the ongoing digital transformation in education and meets the growing need
for smart classroom management tools. This project not only fulfils academic requirements
but also demonstrates the effective application of software development principles to solve
real-world problems in a scalable and user-focused way.
 TABLE OF CONTETS
Pages
1.Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………… 2
1.2. Significance and Scope ……………………………………………………………… 2
1.3. Problem Identification ………………………………………………………………. 2
1.4. Methodology ………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.5. About the Project ……………………………………………………………………. 3
1.6. History ………………………………………………………………………………. 4
2. Background and Literature Survey …………………………………………………… 5
2.1. Existing System ……………………………………………………………………… 6
2.2. Proposed System …………………………………………………………………….. 6
2.3. Background Study …………………………………………………………………… 6
2.4. Feasibility Study ……………………………………………………………………... 7
2.5. Software Requirement Specification (SRS) with Objective …………………………. 7
2.6. Innovativeness and Usefulness ……………………………………………………….. 8
2.7. Module Description …………………………………………………………………… 8
2.8. Modification and Improvement Over the Existing Implementation …………………... 8
3. Process Models …………………………………………………………………………. 10
3.1. Software Process Model Used ………………………………………………………… 11
3.2. Market Potential and Competitive Advantage ………………………………………… 11
3.3. Security ………………………………………………………………………………... 11
3.4. Project Estimation ……………………………………………………………………... 12
3.5. Estimating Schedule …………………………………………………………………… 12
3.6. Risk Table ……………………………………………………………………………... 13
4. Design …………………………………………………………………………………… 14
4.1 Introduction to system design …………………………………………………………. 15
4.2 System design methodology object, waterfall model ………………………………….. 15
4.3 Data Flow Diagram ……………………………………………………………………..16
4.4 Adopted architectural and design orientation ……………………………………………18
4.5 Database Design …………………………………………………………………………19
4.6 E-R Diagram …………………………………………………………………………… 20
4.7 Flow Chart ………………………………………………………………………………21
4.8 Use-Case Diagram ………………………………………………………………………22
4.9 Context Diagram ………………………………………………………………………...23
4.10 Activity Diagram ………………………………………………………………………23
4.11 Class Diagram …………………………………………………………………………24
4.12 Sequence Diagram …………………………………………………………………….24
4.13 Component Diagram ………………………………………………………………….25
4.14 Communication Interface …………………………………………………………….25
5. Technologies and Tools Used …………………………………………………………..26
5.1. Front-End Tools ……………………………………………………………………….27
5.2. Back-End Tools ………………………………………………………………………..27
5.3. Database Overview……………………………………………………………………. 28
5.4. Operating System Compatibility ……………………………………………………….29
5.5. Server & Hosting ……………………………………………………………………….29
6. Hardware Requirements ………………………………………………………………….30
6.1. System Configuration ………………………………………………………………….31
6.2. System Analysis ………………………………………………………………………..31
6.3. Specification of Functionalities and Services of the System …………………………..31
6.4. Background …………………………………………………………………………….32
6.5. Project Requirements …………………………………………………………………...32
6.6. User Characteristics …………………………………………………………………….32
6.7. Constraints ……………………………………………………………………………..33
6.8. Definition of Problems …………………………………………………………………33
7. Pseudo Code ……………………………………………………………………………...34
7.1. System Initialization and Setup …………………………………………………………35
7.2. User Authentication Process ……………………………………………………………35
7.3. Attendance Marking Using QR Code ………………………………………………….36
7.4. Attendance Report Generation …………………………………………………………36
8. Testing ……………………………………………………………………………………38
8.1. System Testing ………………………………………………………………………….39
8.2. Testing Methods Used ………………………………………………………………….39
8.3. Test Case Design ……………………………………………………………………….40
8.4. Test Case Execution and Results ……………………………………………………….41
8.5. Steps and Methods of Testing …………………………………………………………..42
9. Advantages and Disadvantages …………………………………………………………...44
9.1. Advantages ……………………………………………………………………………...45
9.2. Disadvantages …………………………………………………………………………..46
10. Screen Layouts …………………………………………………………………………..48
10.1.1 Use Interface ………………………………………………………………………….49
10.2 Database Table………………………………………………………………………… 54
11. Future Enhancements ……………………………………………………………………56
11.1. Biometric Authentication for Enhanced Security ……………………………………..57
11.2. AI-Powered Attendance Analytics and Insights ………………………………………57
11.3. Mobile App Integration for Better Accessibility ………………………………………58
12. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….59
13. Reference ………………………………………………………………………………...61
14. Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………….63
 Chapter- 1
INTRODUCTION

[1]
1.1. Objectives:
The objective of the Web-Based Attendance Management System is to provide an automated
and efficient solution for tracking student attendance using QR code verification. Traditional
attendance methods, such as manual roll calls or paper-based registers, are time-consuming and
prone to errors. This system aims to eliminate these inefficiencies by offering a digital solution
that ensures accuracy, transparency, and ease of access.
By implementing a QR code-based attendance system, institutions can enhance their
administrative efficiency and prevent fraudulent attendance marking. The system records
attendance in real time, reducing human intervention and the risk of manipulation. Additionally,
it allows teachers and administrators to access attendance records instantly, making data
management easier. The key objectives of this system include reducing administrative
workload, minimizing attendance fraud, and improving record-keeping practices. Furthermore,
the system aims to provide a seamless user experience for students, teachers, and administrators
through a user-friendly web interface.

1.2. Significance and Scope:

Attendance tracking is a crucial aspect of educational institutions, corporate training programs,
and professional settings. Inefficient attendance management can lead to inaccuracies,
increased administrative burden, and difficulty in record-keeping. The significance of this
project lies in its ability to modernize attendance tracking through automation and
digitalization.
This system enhances efficiency by reducing manual effort and errors, making attendance
tracking faster and more reliable. With real-time data synchronization, teachers can instantly
verify student presence, and administrators can generate attendance reports effortlessly. The
use of QR codes eliminates the chances of proxy attendance, ensuring authenticity and integrity
in attendance records.
The scope of this system is broad and extends beyond educational institutions. It can be used
in online learning platforms, corporate training programs, workshops, and other professional
environments where accurate attendance tracking is necessary. The system's adaptability makes
it suitable for any organization that requires systematic and efficient attendance management.
By integrating modern technology, this solution paves the way for smarter and more transparent
attendance tracking.

1.3. Problem Identification:

Traditional attendance management systems suffer from several challenges that make them
inefficient and unreliable. One of the major issues is the time-consuming nature of manual roll
calls, which disrupt class time and create administrative burdens. Teachers must maintain
physical registers or mark attendance sheets, leading to a tedious process that can introduce
errors and inefficiencies.
Another critical problem is the risk of human error. Manual data entry can lead to incorrect
attendance records, which may affect student performance tracking and overall institutional
reporting. Additionally, proxy attendance is a common issue where students mark attendance
[2]
on behalf of their absent peers. This fraudulent practice distorts attendance records and
undermines the reliability of the system.
Record-keeping is also a significant challenge in traditional systems. Paper-based registers are
difficult to store, retrieve, and analyse. Over time, records may be lost, damaged, or difficult to
access when needed. Furthermore, manual attendance tracking lacks real-time access to data,
making it difficult for administrators and teachers to monitor student attendance trends
instantly.

1.4. Methodology:
To develop a robust and efficient attendance management system, a structured methodology is
followed. The development process involves several stages, each designed to ensure optimal
functionality, security, and ease of use.
The first stage is Requirement Analysis, where the needs of students, teachers, and
administrators are gathered and analysed. This includes identifying essential features such as
user authentication, QR code generation, scanning, and attendance recording.
The second stage is System Design, which involves planning the system architecture. The
frontend is designed using React.js, styled with Tailwind CSS for a modern and responsive UI.
The backend is developed using Spring Boot, which ensures a scalable and secure server-side
application. Hibernate Data JPA is used for database management, ensuring seamless
interaction with MySQL.
The third stage is Development, where the core functionalities are implemented. Students can
generate unique QR codes, teachers can scan these codes to mark attendance, and
administrators can manage user access and reset attendance records. The QR code generation
is handled by the React QR Code Canvas library, while scanning is managed using the Black
Box Vision QR Reader.
The fourth stage is Testing and Debugging, which ensures that the system functions as
expected. Unit testing and integration testing are conducted to identify and resolve potential
issues. Finally, in the Deployment and Maintenance stage, the system is deployed for use and
continuously monitored for improvements and updates.

1.5. About the Project:

The Web-Based Attendance Management System is a comprehensive solution designed to
address the inefficiencies of traditional attendance tracking methods. This system leverages QR
code technology to provide a seamless and automated attendance marking process. By
integrating modern web technologies, it ensures an efficient and user-friendly experience for
students, teachers, and administrators.
Students register in the system and generate a unique QR code, which acts as their digital
attendance identifier. Teachers use a QR code scanner to mark attendance, ensuring that
students are physically present. The system enforces a rule where a student’s attendance can
only be marked again after 20 minutes, preventing misuse.
Administrators have complete control over the system, allowing them to manage teacher and
student records, modify attendance details, and reset monthly attendance logs. The system’s

[3]
data is stored securely in a MySQL database, ensuring easy retrieval and analysis. The project
aims to enhance efficiency, reduce manual intervention, and provide educational institutions
with a reliable attendance management tool.

1.6. History:
The evolution of attendance tracking has undergone significant changes over the years, driven
by technological advancements and the need for greater accuracy. Initially, institutions relied
on manual registers, where teachers marked student attendance using paper-based sheets. This
method was simple but highly inefficient, requiring extensive storage and record-keeping
efforts.
With the advancement of technology, biometric attendance systems emerged, using
fingerprint or facial recognition to mark attendance. These systems provided better accuracy
and eliminated proxy attendance issues, but they were costly and required specialized
hardware, making them impractical for many institutions.
As digital transformation progressed, RFID-based attendance systems became popular,
where students carried RFID-enabled ID cards that were scanned at entry points. While
effective, these systems still required specialized equipment and were prone to technical
malfunctions.
The latest advancement is the QR code-based attendance system, which offers a cost-
effective, easy-to-implement, and highly efficient solution. QR codes can be generated and
scanned using any smartphone or webcam, eliminating the need for additional hardware. This
method provides real-time attendance tracking, reduces human errors, and ensures secure and
reliable data management. The adoption of QR code technology in attendance management
represents a significant leap forward in enhancing institutional efficiency and security.

[4]
 Chapter- 2
BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE
SURVEY

[5]
2.1. Existing System:
The traditional attendance management system primarily relies on manual methods such as roll
calls and paper-based registers. In many institutions, teachers call out student names and mark
their attendance in a register. This approach is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors
such as incorrect entries, proxy attendance, and record mismanagement. Moreover, retrieving
past attendance records requires extensive effort, as physical registers need to be maintained
for long durations.
Another common method is biometric attendance systems, including fingerprint and facial
recognition. While these systems provide better accuracy, they have several drawbacks. They
require specialized hardware, which can be expensive and difficult to maintain. Additionally,
biometric devices may fail to function correctly in certain conditions, such as when fingerprints
are unclear or facial recognition struggles due to lighting conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic
also highlighted hygiene concerns associated with shared biometric devices, leading to a
decline in their usage.
While some institutions have adopted RFID-based attendance tracking, where students scan ID
cards, this system also has limitations. Students can misuse RFID cards by handing them to
friends for proxy attendance, and RFID scanners require dedicated infrastructure, increasing
costs. Given these limitations, there is a strong need for a more efficient, cost-effective, and
fraud-proof attendance management system.

2.2. Proposed System:

The proposed Web-Based Attendance Management System aims to address the inefficiencies
of existing methods by integrating QR code technology. The system provides a seamless and
automated solution where students generate unique QR codes that act as digital attendance
markers. Teachers can scan these QR codes using a mobile or webcam-based scanner, instantly
updating attendance records in the database.
Unlike traditional systems, the QR code-based approach eliminates manual errors and
significantly reduces the time taken for attendance marking. The system ensures authenticity
by restricting re-scanning within a set timeframe, preventing misuse. Additionally, it provides
real-time attendance updates accessible to teachers and administrators.
The proposed system is developed using modern web technologies, with React.js for the
frontend, Spring Boot for the backend, and Hibernate for database management. It ensures
scalability, security, and ease of access while eliminating the need for additional hardware like
biometric scanners or RFID readers. With a user-friendly interface and automated reporting
features, this system enhances efficiency in educational institutions and corporate training
programs.

2.3. Background Study:

The evolution of attendance tracking has seen various technological advancements. Manual
roll-call systems have been widely used but have proved inefficient. Over time, institutions
began exploring digital solutions like RFID and biometric scanners. However, these systems
introduced new challenges, such as high costs, maintenance issues, and security concerns.

[6]
Recent studies highlight QR codes as a cost-effective and efficient method for digital
attendance tracking. QR code technology has been widely adopted in various applications,
from payments to ticketing, due to its ease of use and reliability. By leveraging QR codes for
attendance management, institutions can eliminate the drawbacks of traditional methods while
maintaining a seamless and secure system.

2.4. Feasibility Study:

A feasibility study is conducted to determine whether the proposed system is viable in terms of
technical implementation, economic cost, and operational efficiency.
• Technical Feasibility: The system is developed using widely adopted web
technologies, including React.js, Spring Boot, and MySQL. Since QR code generation
and scanning can be implemented using open-source libraries, the technical feasibility
of this system is high.
• Economic Feasibility: The proposed system requires no additional hardware
investment beyond a camera-enabled device for scanning QR codes. It is significantly
more cost-effective than biometric or RFID-based systems, making it financially viable
for educational institutions.
• Operational Feasibility: The system offers an intuitive user interface, allowing
students, teachers, and administrators to interact with ease. Automated attendance
marking and real-time reporting reduce administrative workload, improving
operational efficiency.

2.5. Software Requirement Specification (SRS) with Objective:

The Software Requirement Specification (SRS) defines the functional and non-functional
requirements of the attendance management system.
Objective:
• To design a web-based attendance system that automates attendance marking using QR
codes.
• To improve accuracy, reduce errors, and eliminate proxy attendance.
• To ensure secure and real-time attendance tracking.
• To provide role-based access for students, teachers, and administrators.
Functional Requirements:
• Student registration and profile management.
• Unique QR code generation for each student.
• QR code scanning by teachers to mark attendance.
• Real-time attendance tracking and reporting.
• Admin privileges to manage teachers, students, and attendance records.

[7]
Non-Functional Requirements:
• User-friendly interface with responsive design.
• Secure database storage and access control.
• Scalability for large educational institutions.
• Efficient performance with minimal latency.

2.6. Innovativeness and Usefulness:

The system introduces an innovative way to handle attendance management by leveraging QR
code technology, which is a widely used and cost-effective digital solution. Unlike traditional
methods, this approach eliminates the need for expensive hardware like biometric scanners and
RFID readers.
The system ensures reliability by implementing real-time data validation. It prevents
attendance fraud by restricting re-scanning within a defined period. Additionally, it integrates
a role-based access system, ensuring that teachers, students, and administrators have
appropriate privileges and controls.
This system is particularly useful for educational institutions, online courses, and corporate
training programs where accurate attendance tracking is necessary. By automating attendance
management, institutions can save time, reduce administrative workload, and maintain accurate
digital attendance records.

2.7. Module Description:

The attendance management system consists of the following modules:
• Student Module: Allows students to register, generate their QR codes, and view their
attendance records.
• Teacher Module: Enables teachers to scan QR codes, verify student presence, and
update attendance records.
• Admin Module: Provides functionalities to add, edit, or remove students and teachers.
It also includes options to reset attendance records and generate reports.
• QR Code Module: Handles QR code generation for students and scanning for
attendance marking.
• Authentication Module: Ensures secure login access for different user roles,
preventing unauthorized access.
• Reporting Module: Generates attendance reports that can be downloaded or viewed in
real time.

2.8. Modification and Improvement Over the Existing Implementation:

The proposed system introduces several improvements over traditional attendance tracking
methods:
• Automated Attendance Marking: Eliminates the need for manual roll calls, saving
time and effort.
• QR Code-Based Verification: Reduces proxy attendance and ensures authentication.

[8]
 • Real-Time Data Access: Enables instant retrieval of attendance records, improving
efficiency.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Requires minimal investment compared to biometric or RFID-
based systems.
• User-Friendly Interface: Offers a simple and intuitive design for students, teachers,
and administrators.
• Scalability: Designed to handle large volumes of students and data efficiently.
• Security Enhancements: Ensures secure login and data encryption to protect user
information.
By implementing these improvements, the Web-Based Attendance Management System
provides a more efficient, reliable, and accessible solution for institutions looking to modernize
their attendance tracking process.

[9]
 Chapter- 3
PROCESS MODELS

[10]
3.1. Software Process Model Used:
The development of the Web-Based Attendance Management System follows the Agile
Software Development Model. Agile methodology is chosen because of its iterative and
incremental approach, allowing for continuous feedback and improvements. The project is
divided into small iterations called sprints, ensuring that functional components are delivered
at each phase. Agile enables flexibility in requirements, reduces development risks, and ensures
a user-centric approach.
Through continuous testing and integration, Agile ensures that the software remains adaptable
to changing requirements. Additionally, Agile fosters collaboration between developers,
stakeholders, and end-users, ensuring that the system meets expectations. The model is
particularly useful in modern web-based applications where dynamic changes are frequent.

3.2. Market Potential and Competitive Advantage:

The demand for automated attendance management systems is growing rapidly in educational
institutions and corporate environments. With increasing digital transformation, organizations
seek efficient solutions that minimize administrative workload while ensuring accuracy and
security. Traditional methods, such as manual roll calls and biometric attendance, have several
drawbacks, making QR code-based solutions a preferred alternative.
The competitive advantage of this system lies in its cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation,
and high reliability. Unlike biometric systems that require expensive hardware, the QR code-
based system only needs a camera-enabled device. Furthermore, it eliminates proxy attendance,
enhances security, and integrates seamlessly with existing Learning Management Systems
(LMS). The cloud-based architecture ensures scalability, allowing institutions of varying sizes
to adopt the system with minimal infrastructure investments.

3.3. Security:
Security is a critical aspect of the Web-Based Attendance Management System, as it deals with
sensitive student and staff data. To ensure data integrity and protection, several security
measures are implemented. The system uses role-based authentication, ensuring that only
authorized users can access specific functionalities. Secure login mechanisms, such as
encrypted passwords and multi-factor authentication, add an extra layer of security.
The QR codes are dynamically generated and time-sensitive, preventing unauthorized reuse or
sharing. Additionally, HTTPS encryption is enforced to safeguard data transmission between
the frontend and backend. Regular security audits, log monitoring, and intrusion detection
mechanisms are integrated to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches. These measures
ensure that attendance records remain accurate and tamper-proof.

[11]
3.4. Project Estimation:
Project estimation is crucial for planning resources, budgeting, and ensuring timely delivery.
The estimation process considers several factors, including development time, resource
allocation, and infrastructure costs. Using the Function Point Analysis (FPA) method, the
system’s complexity is assessed based on the number of functionalities, user interactions, and
database operations.
The estimated time for the project is around 4-6 months, including requirements gathering,
design, development, testing, and deployment. The budget accounts for software development
costs, hosting, security measures, and maintenance. Additional buffer time is allocated for
unforeseen challenges, ensuring that the project remains on track.

3.5. Estimating Schedule:

The project follows a structured schedule divided into multiple phases:
• Requirement Analysis (2-3 weeks): Gathering user requirements, identifying key
functionalities, and preparing a project roadmap.
• Design Phase (3-4 weeks): Developing wireframes, database schema, and architecture
planning.
• Development Phase (8-10 weeks): Writing code, integrating QR code generation,
authentication, and attendance tracking modules.
• Testing and Debugging (4-6 weeks): Conducting unit testing, integration testing, and
security assessments.
• Deployment and Maintenance (Ongoing): Launching the system, collecting user
feedback, and implementing updates.
This structured schedule ensures efficient time management while maintaining software quality
and stability.

[12]
3.6. Risk Table:
Risk assessment is crucial for identifying potential challenges and mitigating their impact.
Below is a risk analysis table highlighting major risks, their probability, and mitigation
strategies:

Table no. 3.6.1

Risk Factor Probability Impact Mitigation Strategy

Implement encryption, role-based access, and regular

Security Breaches High Critical
security audits.

Generate time-sensitive QR codes, restrict multiple scans

QR Code Misuse Medium Moderate
within a timeframe.

Deploy redundant servers and implement a failover

Server Downtime Medium High
strategy.

User Adoption
Low Moderate Provide training sessions and user-friendly guides.
Resistance

Follow Agile methodology, maintain buffer time, and

Development Delays Medium High
track progress.

By identifying these risks early in the development process, proactive measures can be taken
to ensure smooth implementation and operational efficiency.

[13]
Chapter- 4
DESIGN

[14]
4.1 Introduction to system design:
The QR Code Attendance Management System is structured into three main components:
Frontend, Backend, and Database. The Frontend, built with React and Vite, supports Admin,
Teacher, and Student roles and uses the "Blackbox-vision/react-QR-reader" library for QR
scanning. It communicates with a Spring Boot Backend that handles time checks and secure
authentication via JWT. The Backend connects to a MySQL database to manage and store
attendance records. Arrows in the design indicate data flow and interaction between
components, ensuring a smooth and efficient attendance tracking process.

Fig 4.1.1 Block Diagram

4.2 System design methodology object, waterfall model:

The Waterfall Model is a linear software development methodology characterized by a
sequential flow of distinct phases: Requirement Analysis, System Design, Implementation,
Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance. Each phase is completed fully before the next begins,
with no overlap, starting from gathering and analysing requirements, followed by designing
the system architecture, coding the software, testing for functionality and bugs, deploying the
final product, and maintaining it over time. This structured approach emphasizes thorough
documentation and predefined steps, ensuring clarity and control throughout the development
process, making it ideal for projects with well-defined requirements.

[15]
 Fig 4.2.1 Waterfall Model

4.3 Data Flow Diagram:

The Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of the QR Code Attendance Management System illustrates
the logical flow of data between external entities—namely the Student, Teacher, and Admin—
and the internal processes of the system. At a high level, the system enables students to scan
dynamically generated QR codes to mark their attendance, which is then validated and recorded
in the database. Teachers can retrieve and view attendance reports for specific batches and
subjects, while admins manage users, assign subjects and batches to teachers, and reset monthly
attendance records. The data flows from the frontend interface (React) to the backend services
(Spring Boot), which interact with the MySQL database to store and retrieve information
related to students, subjects, batches, and attendance. The DFD further breaks down into
subprocesses such as QR scanning, validation, updating attendance, report generation, and user
management, clearly showing the interaction between system components and data stores. This
structured representation ensures better understanding of system behaviour, data dependencies,
and role-based access throughout the application.

Fig 4.3.1 DFD level 0

[16]
Fig 4.3.2 DFD level 1

Fig 4.3.3 DFD level 2

[17]
4.4 Adopted architectural and design orientation:
The QR Code Attendance Management System adopts a layered architectural design based on
the Model-View-Controller (MVC) paradigm, ensuring separation of concerns and scalability.
The frontend is built using React with Vite, providing a responsive and interactive user
interface for Students, Teachers, and Admins. The backend is developed using Spring Boot,
which exposes RESTful APIs to handle business logic, data processing, and validation
workflows such as QR code parsing and attendance marking. User authentication and role-
based authorization are managed using Spring Security, ensuring secure access control across
the system. The system communicates with a MySQL relational database, where entities such
as Users, Subjects, Batches, and Attendance records are normalized for efficient data
management. This architecture facilitates modularity, maintainability, and the ability to scale
each layer independently, providing a robust foundation for real-time attendance tracking and
report generation.

ER Diagra

Fig 4.4.1 Architecture Design

[18]
4.5 Database Design:

Fig 4.5.1 SQL statements

[19]
4.6 E-R Diagram:

Fig 4.6.1 Entity Relationship Diagram

[20]
4.7 Flow Chart:

Fig 4.7.1 Flow Chart

[21]
4.8 Use-Case Diagram:
The Use-Case Diagram for the QR Code Attendance Management System captures the
functional interactions between the system and its primary actors: Student, Teacher, and Admin.
Students can scan dynamically generated QR codes to mark their attendance and view their
personal attendance history. Teachers are responsible for viewing student attendance records,
generating attendance reports by subject or batch, and incrementing attendance manually when
necessary. Admins have extended control, allowing them to manage user accounts, assign
subjects and batches to teachers, and reset monthly attendance data. These use cases are
facilitated through a React-based frontend interacting with RESTful APIs built in Spring Boot,
with secure role-based access ensured by Spring Security. The diagram helps visualize the
system’s role-based functionality and clarifies the responsibilities and permissions associated
with each user type.

Fig 4.8.1 Use-Case Diagram

[22]
4.9 Context Diagram:

Fig 4.9.1 Context Diagram

4.10 Activity Diagram:

Fig 4.10.1 Activity Diagram

[23]
4.11 Class Diagram:

Fig 4.11.1 Class Diagram

4.12 Sequence Diagram:

Fig 4.12.1 Sequence Diagram

[24]
4.13 Component Diagram:

Fig 4.13.1 Component Diagram

4.14 Communication Interface:

Fig 4.14.1 Communication Interface

[25]
 Chapter- 5
TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS USED

[26]
5.1. Front-End Tools:
The frontend of the Web Based Attendance Management System is designed using modern web
technologies, ensuring a seamless user experience, responsiveness, and efficient performance.
5.1.1. React.js:
• A popular JavaScript library chosen for its component based architecture, enabling
reusable UI components.
• Offers fast rendering using a virtual DOM, reducing unnecessary updates and
improving efficiency.
• Manages dynamic state changes effectively, ensuring smooth interactions.

5.1.2. HTML & CSS:

• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) structures the content and elements of the web
pages.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) styles the elements to create a visually appealing and
user friendly interface.

5.1.3. Tailwind CSS :

• A utility first CSS framework that speeds up development with predefined classes,
reducing the need for writing custom CSS.
• Enables easy customization and responsiveness across various screen sizes.
• Improves maintainability by keeping styles consistent throughout the application.

5.1.4. JavaScript (Vite + React) :

• Vite is a modern build tool that enhances performance by providing faster development
server startup and hot module replacement.
• Helps in bundling and optimizing React components for production.

5.1.5. QR Code Library:

• React QR Code Canvas: Used for generating QR codes, allowing teachers to create
attendance QR codes dynamically.
• Black Box Vision QR Reader: Enables scanning QR codes within the application,
ensuring secure and efficient attendance marking.

5.2. Back-End Tools:

The backend is developed using Spring Boot, a powerful Java framework, ensuring high
performance, security, and maintainability.

[27]
5.2.1. Spring Boot:
• Simplifies backend development by providing builtin support for RESTful APIs,
allowing smooth client server communication.
• Includes robust authentication and security mechanisms to protect user data.
• Handles database interactions efficiently, reducing the need for boilerplate code.

5.2.3. Hibernate Data JPA :

• An ORM (Object Relational Mapping) tool that simplifies database operations by
mapping Java objects to database tables.
• Reduces the complexity of writing SQL queries by allowing database interaction using
Java methods.
• Enhances performance through features like lazy loading, caching, and transaction
management.

5.2.3. QR Code Verification:

Ensures secure and efficient attendance marking by allowing users to scan QR codes.
Prevents manual errors and unauthorized attendance marking.

5.3. Database Overview:

The system employs MySQL, a reliable and scalable relational database for structured data
storage and efficient retrieval.

5.3.1. Data Storage:

• Stores critical information such as attendance records, user profiles, and administrative
details.
• Ensures data consistency and integrity through relational constraints.

5.3.2. Performance Optimization:

• Uses normalization techniques to avoid redundancy and improve storage efficiency.
• Implements indexing for quick searches and optimized data retrieval.
• Applies query optimization strategies to handle large datasets efficiently without
affecting system performance.

5.4. Operating System Compatibility:

The application is designed to be cross platform, supporting multiple operating systems and
devices.
5.4.1. Cross Platform Support :
• Works seamlessly on both Windows and Linux, allowing flexibility in deployment and
usage.
• Tested across multiple environments to ensure stability and compatibility.

5.4.2. Cloud Based Deployment:

• The backend server is hosted on Linux based cloud services, ensuring:
[28]
 • High reliability with minimal downtime.
• Strong security through firewall protection and access control.
• Easy maintenance and updates without affecting users.

5.4.3. Mobile & Tablet Accessibility:

• Designed to be fully responsive, adapting to various screen sizes.
• Optimized for web browsers on smartphones, tablets, and desktops for accessibility on
any device.

5.5. Server & Hosting:

The system is hosted on a cloud based infrastructure, ensuring scalability, performance, and
security.

5.5.1. Cloud Services:

• Hosted on AWS, Google Cloud, or Digital Ocean, providing:
• Scalability to handle increasing user loads.
• Automatic resource allocation for efficient performance.

5.5.2. Web Server:

• Uses Nginx or Apache to manage HTTP requests, ensuring:
• Faster load times and optimized content delivery.
• Efficient handling of multiple concurrent requests.

5.5.3. Security & Performance Features:

• Implements automated backups to prevent data loss.
• Provides DDoS protection against cyber threats.
• Ensures secure data storage with encrypted connections.
• Guarantees high availability and uptime, making it a reliable solution for educational
institutions.

[29]
 Chapter- 6
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

[30]
6.1. System Configuration:
The Web Based Attendance Management System requires a well configured hardware setup to
ensure optimal performance, seamless functionality, and fast data processing. The minimum
hardware configuration for running this system efficiently includes:
• Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher (or equivalent AMD processor)
• RAM: Minimum 8GB (Recommended: 16GB for high performance)
• Storage: Minimum 256GB SSD (Recommended: 512GB SSD for faster data access)
• Graphics Card: Integrated or dedicated GPU for UI rendering
• Network: Stable internet connection with minimum 10 Mbps speed
• Operating System: Windows 10/11 or Linux (Ubuntu 20.04 or later)
The above configuration ensures that both the frontend and backend components run
efficiently, providing a smooth user experience. Additionally, cloud based deployment requires
a dedicated server or virtual machine with highspeed internet connectivity for handling
multiple user requests concurrently.

6.2. System Analysis:

The system analysis phase helps identify the hardware dependencies, performance
requirements, and expected system load. This phase focuses on understanding:
• Current manual attendance management system drawbacks (e.g., time consuming
processes, human errors, and inefficiencies).
• Performance expectations based on the number of students, faculty, and staff using the
system simultaneously.
• Integration of QR code scanning and cloud storage, which requires moderate to high
processing power for image recognition and real time data storage.
• Scalability needs, ensuring that the hardware can handle increased user traffic as
institutions grow.
By analysing these factors, the system is designed to meet real time attendance tracking needs
efficiently without compromising performance.

6.3. Specification of Functionalities and Services of the System:

The attendance management system provides the following key functionalities and services
that depend on proper hardware resources:
• QR Code Based Attendance: Requires a high resolution camera (for scanning) or QR
code generation capability.
• Student and Faculty Authentication: Secure login mechanism requiring a stable server
for processing credentials.
• Attendance Report Generation: Fast data retrieval from the MySQL database,
requiring optimized storage and processing capabilities.
• RealTime Data Synchronization: A stable internet connection and a cloud based server
are required for instant data updates.
• Admin Dashboard for Monitoring Attendance: Requires high performance processing
to load analytics, reports, and graphs efficiently.

[31]
These functionalities define the need for adequate CPU, RAM, and storage capacity, ensuring
the system runs without latency or crashes.

6.4. Background:
Traditional manual attendance tracking systems are prone to errors, inefficiencies, and
manipulation, leading to inaccurate records and time wastage. This system is designed to
digitize and automate the attendance process using modern hardware and software
technologies. The background study emphasizes:
• The shift from traditional paper based attendance tracking to digital solutions.
• The importance of hardware efficiency in running web applications smoothly.
• The necessity of cloud computing for seamless data storage, backup, and retrieval.
• How modern institutions require reliable, fast, and secure attendance management
solutions.
This background justifies the hardware selection and system architecture to ensure scalability
and reliability.

6.5. Project Requirements:

To successfully implement the Web Based Attendance Management System, the following
hardware components are required:
• Servers: Cloud based or on premise servers with at least 4 CPU cores, 16GB RAM,
and SSD storage.
• Client Machines: Laptops or desktops with modern browsers supporting React.js for a
smooth frontend experience.
• Mobile Devices: Smartphones with QR code scanning capability (recommended:
Android 9.0+ or iOS 12+).
• Network Infrastructure: Highspeed internet with secure Wi-Fi access points to support
multiple connections.
• Backup and Storage: Cloud storage solutions or external hard drives for data backup.
These requirements ensure that the system functions efficiently, securely, and with minimal
downtime.

6.6. User Characteristics:

The system is designed to be user friendly, catering to different user categories:
• Students: They require basic knowledge of scanning QR codes and logging in to view
attendance records.
• Faculty Members: They need access to dashboard functionalities for attendance
monitoring and report generation.
• Administrators: They have full system control, requiring familiarity with managing
databases, analytics, and user authentication.
Given the diverse user base, the hardware needs to support multiple devices and screen
resolutions, ensuring accessibility across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.

[32]
6.7. Constraints:
While designing and implementing the attendance management system, the following
hardware related constraints must be addressed:
• Hardware Cost: Upgrading to higher end servers and cloud storage can be expensive
for educational institutions.
• Internet Connectivity: The system relies on real time data synchronization, requiring
consistent and highspeed internet access.
• Device Compatibility: Some older mobile devices may struggle with QR code
scanning or run outdated browsers incompatible with React.js.
• Server Load Management: Handling high traffic during peak hours (e.g., login surges
before classes) requires efficient server load balancing.
These constraints highlight the importance of selecting cost effective, scalable, and
performance oriented hardware solutions.

6.8. Definition of Problems:

The key problems addressed by the Web Based Attendance Management System include:
• Manual attendance tracking inefficiencies, leading to inaccurate records.
• Security concerns, such as proxy attendance and unauthorized access.
• Lack of real time data synchronization, causing delays in attendance reports.
• Limited scalability of traditional attendance systems, restricting their usability in large
institutions.
By implementing modern hardware solutions, these challenges are mitigated, ensuring a
secure, efficient, and automated attendance tracking system.

[33]
 Chapter- 7
PSEUDO CODE

[34]
The pseudo code follows a structured approach with clear steps and logic, making it easier to
debug and optimize before writing actual program code in languages like Java (Spring Boot)
for the backend and JavaScript (React.js) for the frontend.

7.1. System Initialization and Setup:

This section describes how the system initializes and sets up necessary configurations,
including database connections, UI components, and API services.
BEGIN
LOAD system configurations
CONNECT to MySQL database
INITIALIZE user interface components
INITIALIZE backend services (Spring Boot)
CHECK for necessary API connections (QR code service)
DISPLAY login screen
END

Explanation:
• System configurations are loaded to ensure all necessary environment variables and
settings are in place.
• The MySQL database connection is established to manage user data and attendance
records.
• React.js UI components are initialized to render the application interface dynamically.
• Spring Boot services are started to handle business logic and API requests.
• A QR code verification service is checked to ensure real time authentication for
attendance.
• Finally, the login screen is displayed for user authentication.

7.2. User Authentication Process:

Ensures that only authorized users (students, teachers, and admin) can access the system.
BEGIN
DISPLAY login screen
GET user input (username, password)
ENCRYPT password
VALIDATE credentials against database
IF credentials are valid THEN
IF user_role == "Admin" THEN
REDIRECT to admin dashboard
ELSE IF user_role == "Teacher" THEN
REDIRECT to teacher dashboard
ELSE IF user_role == "Student" THEN
REDIRECT to student dashboard
ENDIF

[35]
 ELSE
DISPLAY "Invalid Credentials" message
ENDIF
END
Explanation:
• Users enter login details, which are encrypted for security.
• The system validates credentials against stored records in the database.
• Based on user roles, the system redirects them to the appropriate dashboard.
• If credentials are incorrect, an error message is displayed.

7.3. Attendance Marking Using QR Code:

Students mark their attendance by scanning a QR code, which is verified against the database.
BEGIN
DISPLAY QR code scanner
GET scanned QR code data
DECODE QR code to extract student ID
VALIDATE student ID in the database
IF student exists AND is enrolled THEN
RECORD attendance with timestamp
DISPLAY "Attendance Marked Successfully"
ELSE
DISPLAY "Invalid QR Code"
ENDIF
END
Explanation:
• Students scan the QR code using their mobile or laptop camera.
• The system extracts the student ID from the QR code.
• It verifies the student record in the database.
• If valid, attendance is recorded with a timestamp; otherwise, an error message is
shown.
7.4. Attendance Report Generation:
Teachers and admins can generate reports to track student attendance.
BEGIN
DISPLAY report generation options
GET user input (date range, student ID, course)
FETCH attendance records from database
IF records exist THEN
DISPLAY formatted attendance report
ELSE
DISPLAY "No Records Found" message
ENDIF
END

[36]
Explanation :
• Users select filters such as date range, student ID, or course.
• The system fetches relevant attendance records from MySQL.
• If records exist, a formatted report is displayed; otherwise, an error message appears.

[37]
Chapter- 8
TESTING

[38]
8.1. System Testing:
System testing is a crucial phase in the development lifecycle, where the complete Web-Based
Attendance Management System is tested to ensure that it functions as expected. This phase
involves testing the integration of different modules, verifying functionality, and checking
system behaviour under various conditions.

Objective:
The objective of system testing is to:
• Ensure that all modules, including user authentication, attendance marking, QR code
scanning, and report generation, function correctly.
• Detect bugs or issues before deployment.
• Verify that the system meets the specified requirements and performs efficiently under
load.
• Ensure that the system handles unexpected inputs and errors gracefully.

Process:
System testing is performed in the following steps:
1. Unit Testing – Individual modules (e.g., login system, attendance tracking) are tested
separately.
2. Integration Testing – Modules are tested together to verify seamless interaction.
3. Functional Testing – Ensures that all system functionalities operate as expected.
4. Performance Testing – Evaluates system response time and scalability under different
loads.
5. Security Testing – Ensures user data protection and access control.

8.2. Testing Methods Used:

Various testing methods are employed to ensure the robustness of the Web-Based Attendance
Management System. These methods help in identifying issues early and optimizing system
performance.

Types of Testing Used

1. Manual Testing :
• Used for initial validation and exploratory testing.
• Ensures that user interactions, such as logging in, marking attendance, and generating
reports, work as expected.
2. Automated Testing:
• Selenium and JUnit are used to automate UI and backend testing, reducing human effort
and ensuring accuracy.
3. Black Box Testing:
• Focuses on verifying system functionality without knowing the internal code structure.
• Ensures that the user interface, database operations, and attendance processing function
correctly.

[39]
4. White Box Testing:
• Tests internal structures and algorithms (e.g., checking if QR code decoding is
efficient).
• Ensures code coverage and identifies logical errors in the backend services.
5. Load Testing:
• Simulates multiple users logging in, marking attendance, and generating reports
simultaneously to check system stability under high traffic.
6. Security Testing:
• Tests vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, unauthorized access, and data breaches.

8.3. Test Case Design:

Test case design helps in systematically identifying errors by executing predefined test cases.
It ensures that all functionalities are tested under various conditions.

Test Case Attributes

Each test case consists of:
• Test Case ID – Unique identifier for each test scenario.
• Description – Defines what the test case will validate.
• Input Data – Specifies required input values.
• Expected Output – Defines expected results if the test case passes.
• Actual Output – Captures actual system behaviour.
• Status – Indicates whether the test case has passed or failed.

Example Test Cases

Test Case 1: Login Functionality:
Table no. 8.3.1

Test Case ID TC001

Description Validate user login
Input Data Username: valid_user, Password: correct_password
Expected Output Redirect to dashboard
Actual Output Redirected to dashboard
Status Pass

[40]
Test Case 2: Invalid Login Attempt:
Table no. 8.3.2

Test Case ID TC002

Description Invalid login with incorrect credentials
Input Data Username: invalid_user, Password: wrong_password
Expected Output "Invalid Credentials" message
Actual Output "Invalid Credentials" message displayed
Status Pass

Test Case 3: QR Code Attendance Marking:

Table no. 8.3.3

Test Case ID TC003

Description Student scans valid QR code to mark attendance
Input Data QR Code: Valid Student ID
Expected Output "Attendance Marked Successfully" message
Actual Output Attendance recorded and message displayed
Status Pass

8.4. Test Case Execution and Results:

Process of Test Execution
• Prepare the test environment – Configure databases, API services, and UI components.
• Execute test cases manually and using automation tools (e.g., Selenium for UI testing,
JUnit for backend validation).
• Record results – Compare actual vs. expected outcomes.
• Report defects – Identify any issues and categorize them based on severity.
• Fix bugs and retest – Ensure all issues are resolved before moving to deployment.

[41]
Example Test Results:
Table no. 8.4.1

Test Case ID Description Expected Output Actual Output Status

TC001 User Login Redirect to Redirected successfully Pass
dashboard

TC002 Invalid Login "Invalid Message displayed Pass

Credentials"
message

TC003 QR Code "Attendance Attendance recorded Pass

Attendance Marked"

TC004 Generate Report Report displayed Report generated Pass

successfully

TC005 Load Testing (1000 System stable Handled load efficiently Pass
users)

Analysis of Results:
• The system performed as expected in all functional tests.
• Load testing revealed that the system could handle up to 1000 users simultaneously
without lag.
• Security tests confirmed resistance to SQL injection and unauthorized access.

8.5. Steps and Methods of Testing:

Step-by-Step Testing Approach
1. Unit Testing:
• Each module (e.g., login, attendance tracking, report generation) is tested
individually.
• Tools used: JUnit (for backend), Jest (for React frontend).
2. Integration Testing:
• Different modules are tested together to check how they interact.
• Ensures that QR code scanning correctly updates the database and reflects
in reports.

3. Functional Testing:
• Tests overall system behaviour, including login, attendance marking, and
reporting features.

[42]
 • Simulates real-world user scenarios.
4. Performance Testing:
• Load tests simulate hundreds of users logging in and marking attendance
simultaneously.
• Identifies bottlenecks and optimizes response times.
5. Security Testing:
• Checks for vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS),
and brute-force attacks.
• Uses tools like OWASP ZAP and Burp Suite to detect security flaws.

[43]
 Chapter- 9
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

[44]
9.1. Advantages:
9.1.1 Accuracy and Efficiency:
One of the primary advantages of a web-based attendance management system is its accuracy
and efficiency in recording attendance data. Traditional attendance methods, such as manual
registers or punch cards, are prone to human errors, misinterpretations, or intentional
manipulation. In contrast, a digital system ensures that each entry is accurate, as it captures
real-time data without human intervention. The use of QR code scanning, biometric integration,
or RFID authentication further enhances precision by eliminating duplicate or fraudulent
entries.
Additionally, the system can process and generate attendance reports within seconds, saving
time for teachers, HR departments, and administrators. The automated nature of the system
reduces workload, allowing organizations to focus on more critical tasks instead of manually
verifying attendance records.

9.1.2 Accessibility and Remote Monitoring:

A web-based attendance system can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection,
making it highly convenient for students, teachers, and employees. Unlike traditional
attendance methods, which require physical presence and manual data entry, this system allows
users to mark attendance remotely, view records, and generate reports from different locations.
For institutions with multiple campuses or businesses with remote employees, this feature
ensures seamless attendance tracking without geographical limitations. Administrators can
monitor real-time attendance data through a central dashboard, reducing the risk of
unauthorized absenteeism or proxy attendance.

9.1.3 Secure Data Storage and Backup:

Manual records are susceptible to loss, damage, or tampering, making data retrieval difficult in
case of emergencies. A web-based system stores all attendance records in a secured database
with encryption, preventing unauthorized access or modifications. Additionally, automated
backups ensure that data is never lost, even if there is a system failure or cyberattack.
Most modern attendance systems also include role-based access control, meaning only
authorized personnel (such as admins and teachers) can modify attendance data. This prevents
data manipulation and ensures transparency and accountability.

9.1.4 Cost-Effectiveness:
Although implementing a web-based attendance management system requires an initial
investment in software and hardware, it significantly reduces long-term costs. Traditional
attendance tracking involves purchasing registers, paper sheets, ink, and hiring additional staff
to manage attendance manually. Over time, these costs accumulate.
A digital system reduces paper waste and administrative expenses while also minimizing
human errors, leading to cost savings in the long run. Furthermore, features like automated
report generation eliminate the need for manual calculations, reducing the cost of labor and
administrative overhead.

[45]
9.1.5 Integration with Other Systems:
A significant advantage of a web-based system is its ability to integrate seamlessly with other
applications. For example, it can be linked to:
• Payroll Systems (for tracking employee attendance and salary calculation).
• Learning Management Systems (LMS) (for student attendance tracking and academic
performance analysis).
• Email and Notification Services (for sending attendance alerts to students or
employees).
This enhances functionality and ensures that all organizational processes remain
interconnected, improving productivity and workflow efficiency.

9.2. Disadvantages:

9.2.1 Dependence on Internet Connectivity:

One of the major drawbacks of a web-based attendance management system is its reliance on
internet connectivity. If there is a network outage or poor connectivity, users may face
difficulties in accessing the system or marking attendance. This can be a major issue in remote
areas with unstable internet connections.
To mitigate this, some systems provide offline functionality, allowing data to be stored
temporarily and synchronized once connectivity is restored. However, this may add to
development complexity and costs.

9.2.2. Security and Privacy Risks:

Since the system stores sensitive personal data, such as employee details, student information,
and attendance records, it becomes a target for cyber threats. Hackers may attempt to breach
the system to manipulate attendance records or steal confidential information.
To prevent such risks, organizations must implement robust security measures, including
encryption, multi-factor authentication, and firewalls. However, securing a web-based system
requires continuous monitoring and investment in cybersecurity, which can be a challenge for
small organizations.

9.2.3 Initial Implementation Costs and Technical Challenges:

Although web-based systems save money in the long run, the initial implementation costs can
be high, especially for small organizations. Costs may include:
• Software licensing and development.
• Database setup and cloud storage fees.
• Training staff and employees to use the system.
Additionally, not all organizations have in-house IT teams to manage technical issues. If there
are bugs, server crashes, or compatibility issues, organizations may need to hire external
support, leading to additional expenses.

[46]
9.2.4 Resistance to Adoption:
Switching from manual to digital attendance tracking requires employees and students to adapt
to new technologies. Some users, particularly those who are not tech-savvy, may struggle with
using the system and resist the change.
Common challenges include:
• Employees forgetting to log in or mark attendance online.
• Students facing difficulties in scanning QR codes or using mobile apps.
• Lack of awareness or improper training leading to errors in attendance tracking.
To overcome this, organizations must conduct training sessions and provide detailed user
guides to ensure a smooth transition.

9.2.5 System Downtime and Maintenance:

Like any digital platform, a web-based attendance management system requires regular
maintenance and updates. If the system crashes or requires a server reboot, users may be unable
to access it, causing disruptions.
Common causes of downtime include:
• Server overload during high traffic periods.
• Software bugs or compatibility issues after updates.
• Cyberattacks or unauthorized access attempts.
To minimize downtime, organizations must invest in reliable hosting services and conduct
regular system monitoring. However, this may increase operational costs.

[47]
 Chapter- 10
SCREEN LAYOUTS

[48]
10.1 User Interface:
10.1.1 Home Page:

Fig 10.1.1.1

10.1.2 Login Module:

Fig 10.1.2.1

[49]
10.1.3 Admin Module:

Fig 10.1.3.1

10.1.4 Edit Student:

Fig 10.1.4.1

[50]
10.1.5 Add Teacher:

Fig 10.1.5.1

10.1.6 Add Admin:

Fig 10.1.6.1

[51]
10.1.7 Student Module:

Fig 10.1.7.1

10.1.8 QR Code Generator Module:

Fig 10.1.8.1

[52]
10.1.9 Teacher Module:

Fig 10.1.9.1

10.1.10 QR Code Scanner Module:

[53]
 Fig 10.1.10.1
10.1.11 All Students of a Department with Attendance Records:

Fig 10.1.11.1

10.2 Database Table:

10.2.1 Student Database:

Fig 10.2.1.1
10.2.2 Teacher Database:

[54]
 Fig 10.2.2.1

10.2.3 Admin Database:

Fig 10.2.3.1

10.2.4 Subject Database:

Fig 10.2.4.1

[55]
 Chapter- 11
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

[56]
As technology continues to advance, the Web-Based Attendance Management System can be
further enhanced with additional features to improve accuracy, security, and efficiency. The
following are potential future enhancements that can be implemented to optimize the system
and expand its capabilities.

11.1. Biometric Authentication for Enhanced Security:

10.1.1 Face Recognition and Fingerprint Scanning:

One of the most promising enhancements to the Web-Based Attendance Management System
is the integration of biometric authentication, such as facial recognition and fingerprint
scanning. Traditional attendance systems, including manual entry and QR code-based
verification, can be manipulated through proxy attendance. Biometric authentication eliminates
this risk by ensuring that only the actual user can mark attendance.
Facial recognition technology works by analysing unique facial features, while fingerprint
scanning detects distinctive fingerprint patterns to confirm identity. This feature can be
integrated with webcams or biometric scanners to provide a seamless, secure, and contactless
attendance marking system.
By implementing biometric authentication, organizations can significantly reduce fraudulent
attendance records, enhance security, and eliminate the possibility of proxy attendance. This
enhancement would be particularly beneficial for corporate offices, universities, and high-
security environments.

11.2. AI-Powered Attendance Analytics and Insights:

11.2.1 Predictive Analytics for Absenteeism Trends:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be incorporated into the system to analyse attendance data and
generate valuable insights. Machine learning models can identify patterns and trends related to
employee or student attendance, helping administrators predict absenteeism trends and
engagement levels.
For example, if AI detects a consistent drop in attendance for certain students or employees, it
can automatically send alerts to HR or faculty members, prompting early intervention.
Additionally, AI-driven insights can help organizations improve policies, optimize schedules,
and enhance productivity based on attendance trends.

By leveraging AI-powered analytics, the system can move beyond simple attendance tracking
to proactive decision-making and performance monitoring, ensuring better engagement and
attendance management.

[57]
11.3. Mobile App Integration for Better Accessibility:

10.3.1 Attendance Marking Through a Dedicated Mobile Application:

Developing a mobile app for the attendance system would provide greater accessibility and
ease of use. Instead of requiring users to log into a web portal, they can simply mark their
attendance through a smartphone application.
Features that can be included in the app:
• Push notifications for reminders about attendance.
• GPS-based attendance tracking for location-based verification.
• Offline attendance marking with automatic synchronization once connected to the
internet.
• Instant access to attendance history, reports, and notifications.
A mobile app would be particularly useful for remote employees, online learning environments,
and field workers who may not have immediate access to a desktop or laptop for attendance
marking. This enhancement will significantly increase flexibility, convenience, and user
engagement.

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Chapter- 12
CONCLUSION

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12.1 Conclusion:

The Web-Based Attendance Management System represents a significant advancement in

streamlining attendance tracking for educational institutions and organizations. By
transitioning from traditional, manual methods to an automated, web-based solution, the
system enhances efficiency, accuracy, and security. The implementation of this system
eliminates paper-based record-keeping, reduces human errors, and provides a seamless
experience for students, employees, and administrators.
One of the key strengths of this system is its ability to automate and simplify attendance
processes while ensuring real-time data accessibility. Administrators and teachers can instantly
access attendance reports, monitor trends, and make informed decisions based on accurate
records. Additionally, students and employees can conveniently track their attendance history,
ensuring transparency and accountability.
Furthermore, the system’s scalability and flexibility make it adaptable to various sectors,
including educational institutions, corporate offices, and training centres. It supports multiple
authentication methods, such as QR codes, biometric verification, and RFID-based tracking,
which prevent fraudulent practices like proxy attendance. The ability to integrate AI-powered
analytics, mobile apps, and blockchain technology in future enhancements further strengthens
the reliability and functionality of the system.
From a user perspective, the system significantly reduces the burden on faculty, HR personnel,
and administrators by automating tasks such as attendance logging, leave management, and
report generation. This automation saves time and effort, allowing organizations to focus on
more critical activities. Additionally, real-time notifications and alerts help in addressing
absenteeism trends, ensuring that necessary interventions are taken promptly.
In terms of security, the web-based system ensures data integrity and protection by
implementing robust encryption techniques and user authentication protocols. Unlike
traditional methods where records could be manipulated or lost, this system stores data securely
on servers or cloud storage, preventing unauthorized modifications.
Looking ahead, the continuous evolution of technology presents new opportunities to further
improve the system. Features such as AI-driven attendance predictions, voice recognition,
geolocation-based tracking, and IoT-enabled smart attendance devices can revolutionize
attendance management practices. These enhancements will not only improve accuracy and
convenience but also align the system with modern digital transformation trends.
In conclusion, the Web-Based Attendance Management System is a reliable, efficient, and
future-ready solution that addresses the limitations of traditional attendance tracking. Its ability
to provide real-time access, automation, and security makes it an invaluable tool for any
institution or organization. By continually integrating new technologies, this system will
remain relevant, scalable, and effective in managing attendance for years to come.

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Chapter- 13
REFERENCE

[61]
1. https://github.com/pranav21999/EduTrack
2. https://github.com/paulthadev/QRCode-Smart-Attendance-System
3. https://github.com/fevico/Attendance-management-system
4. https://github.com/Pallavidhage22/SamsTrack---Student-Attendance-Management-
System-Spring-Boot-REST-API-
5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383915050_DESIGN_AND_IMPLEMENT
ATION_OF_STUDENT_ATTENDANCE_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM_WITH_QR
_CODE
6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318779349_QR_Code_Based_Smart_Atten
dance_System
7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363479288_DESIGN_AND_IMPLEMENT
ATION_OF_STUDENT_ATTENDANCE_TRACKING_SYSTEM_USING_QUICK
_RESPONSE_QR_CODE
8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346705138_QR_Code_Attendance_System
9. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/aitcs/article/view/7368
10. https://www.scribd.com/document/494576747/QR-Code-Based-Smart-Attendance-
System
11. https://www.academia.edu/36696044/QR_Code_Based_Smart_Attendance_System
12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378110423_A_Novel_QR_Code_Based_Sm
art_Attendance_Tracking_System
13. https://www.academia.edu/35591622/QR_Code_Based_Smart_Attendance_System
14. https://vitejs.dev/guide/
15. https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/redirect.html
16. https://hibernate.org/orm/documentation/
17. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/
18. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qrcode
19. https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-qr-reader
20. https://www.postman.com/

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Chapter- 14
GLOSSARY

[63]
The Glossary section defines key terms related to the Web-Based Attendance Management
System, helping users understand its technical aspects.
• Attendance Management System (AMS): A software solution for recording and
managing attendance digitally, reducing errors and improving efficiency.
• Authentication: Verifies a user’s identity using passwords, OTPs, or QR codes to
prevent unauthorized access.
• Backend Development: Handles data processing and authentication using Spring Boot
and Hibernate Data JPA with MySQL as the database.
• Biometric Attendance System: Uses fingerprints or facial recognition for secure and
accurate attendance marking.
• Cloud Computing: Stores and processes data on AWS, Google Cloud, or Digital
Ocean, ensuring scalability and accessibility.
• Database Management System (DBMS): MySQL stores attendance records securely
with optimized queries for faster retrieval.
• Encryption: Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access by converting it into a
secure format.
• Frontend Development: The user interface is built with React.js, HTML, CSS, and
Tailwind CSS, ensuring a responsive design.
• QR Code-Based Attendance: Students scan a unique QR code to mark attendance,
eliminating proxy attendance.
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Ensures that students, teachers, and admins have
different access levels for security.
• System Integration: Connects the frontend, backend, and database for a seamless
experience.
• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Adds an extra layer of security using passwords.

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