BOARD EXAM TRIAL

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES AND ETHICS

Prepared by: Apollo Batausa Jr. Top 4 April 2016 CLE, Rcrim

FINAL COACHING IN CRIMINALISTICS

Prepared by: Dr. Nolie Z. Ingcad

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION D. Dactyloscopy

1. The basic principle involves in personal 9. The friction skin may be damage permanently
Identification which states that the greater the number when which of its layer was damage?
of similarity or difference the greater the probability for A. Dermis
the identity or non-identity to be conclusive. B. epidermis
A. Law of individuality C. dermal papillae
B. Law of infallibility D. generating layer
C. Law of multiplicity of evidence
D. Law of constancy 10. How deep the cut in order to be produced
permanent scar?
2. Which of the following personal Identification A. more than 1 cm
is not easy to change? B. more than 1mm
A. Hair C. 1m
B. Dress D. 1dm
C. Speech
D. personal paraphernalia 11. ***It appears as tiny black line with white
dots in an inked finger impression?
3. It is considered to be one of the most infallible A. sweat pores
means of Identification. B. ridges
A. DNA fingerprinting C. furrows- white line/white space/wide space
B. Dactyloscopy D. sweat duct
C. Fingerprint Identification
D. Photography 12. What are the depressed portions or canal
structure of the friction skin?
4. A system of Identification best used in case of A. pores
burned body. B. furrows
A. Fingerprint C. indentions
B. Skeletal Identification D. duct
C. Odontology
D. Photography 13. What pattern type has the ridges that enter
on one side of the pattern and flow to the other side
5. The first conviction in the Philippine Case with a rise in the center?
which gives recognition to the science of fingerprint? A. loop
A. People Vs. Medina B. plain arch
B. People Vs. Jennings C. tented arch
C. Miranda Vs. Arizona D. exceptional arch
D. West Case
14. What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an
6. He is known as the Father of Modern uptrust, or two of the three basic characteristics of the
Fingerprint, whose system of classification was spread loop?
in almost all English-speaking country. A. Plain arch
A. Juan Vucetich B. tented arch
B. Sir Edward Richard Henry C. central pocket loop
C. Francis Galton D. accidental whorl
D. William Herschel
15. What type of a pattern has two deltas in which
7. A person known for being the USA public at least one ridges makes a turn through one complete
enemy number one, who attempts to destroy his circuit?
friction by applying a corrosive acid? A. arch
A. Robert James Pitts B. accidental whorl
B. Roscoe Pitts C. loop
C. John Dillinger D. whorl
D. John Augustus
16. What is the type of a pattern in which the
8. The scientific study of the prints of the soles looping or slanting ridges flows towards the little
of the feet? finger?
A. Poroscopy A. loop
B. Chiroscopy B. radial loop
C. Podoscopy C. ulnar loop

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D. tented arch B. lake ridge
C. island ridge
17. The diagonal sign / means ________ left D. convergence
hand.
A. right hand ulnar 27. What type of a ridge is that which curves back
B. left hand radial to the direction from which it started?
C. left hand ulnar A. diverging ridge
D. none B. converging ridge
C. recurving ridge
18. ***What type of a pattern consisting of two D. bifurcation
or more deltas, one or more ridge forming a complete
circuitry and when an imaginary line is drawn from left 28. A point along the recurving ridge in which the
delta to right delta it touches or cross the circuiting ridge curves inward?
ridge/s considered as the most common type of whorl. A. sufficient recurve
A. plain whorl B. obstruction ridge
B. central pocket loop whorl C. appendage
C. double loop whorl D. shoulder of loop
D. accidental whorl
29. A short horizontal ridge found inside a
19. In an accidental whorl type of pattern, what recurving ridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow
pattern is not included in the combination? from the inner delta to the center of the pattern? This
A. ulnar loop is also found in the second type of central pocket loop.
B. plain whorl A. bar
C. tented arch B. appendage
D. plain arch C. uptrust
D. obstruction
20. The core and delta are also termed as _____?
A. inner terminus 30. A type of pattern in which the course is traced
B. focal point the line flow below the right delta and there are three
C. outer terminus intervening ridge.
D. pattern area A. meeting whorl
B. inner whorl
21. It is a point along a ridge formation, which is C. outer whorl
found in front or near the center of the diverging D. central pocket loop whorl
typelines.
A. core 31. A ridge that is so thin or fine compare to other
B. delta regular ridge which is not included as a ridge count
C. island ridge even if it has been cross by the imaginary line.
D. convergence A. ending ridge
B. intervening ridge
22. What is the rule where there are two or more C. incipient ridge
possible bifurcation deltas which conform to the D. enclosure
definition of delta? E. ridge counting
A. the one nearest the core should be
chosen 32. ***What is that ridge that divides into two
B. the one away from the core should be ridges and which resembles a fork structure
counted A. divergence
C. the one which does not open towards the core B. Bifurcation
is counted C. Convergence
D. the one towards the core should be counted D. enclosure

23. When a ridge bifurcates, sending two ridges 33. Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet
across the imaginary line, how is it counted? during its infants stage which usually starts:
A. one A. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life
B. two B. 5th to 6th months of the fetus life
C. three C. 4th to 5th months of the fetus life
D. Six D. 5th to 6th months before birth

24. What is that spreading of two ridges that 34. ***What fingers are rolled towards the body
previously running side by side? in taking a rolled impression?
A. bifurcation A. both little finger
B. divergence B. all finger except thumb
C. convergence C. both thumb finger
D. enclosure D. both index finger

25. What kind of a ridge resembles a dot, 35. An instrument used for the spreading of the
fragment or a period? fingerprint ink to the slab?
A. lake A. Fingerprint brush
B. island ridge B. Fingerprint roller
C. ending ridge C. Fingerprint lifting tapes
D. incipient ridge D. fingerprint card

26. What ridge divides it into two or more 36. The process of placing the letter symbols
branches that meet to form the original figure? under each pattern as the results of the interpretation
A. bifurcation of all ten fingers?

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A. classification formula C. don’t print the finger and write in the box
B. blocking out wounded
C. ref. classification D. Do not print
D. fingerprint identification
46. The term applied to cases of missing or cut
37. The symbol used to represent a plain arch? finger?
A. T A. Mutilated finger
B. A B. Fragmentary finger
C. P C. Amputated finger
D. W D. Deformities

38. ***The classification in the classification 47. What will be the primary Division if all fingers
formula which is always represented by numerical are missing or cut?
value depending upon a whorl pattern appearing in A. 1/1
each finger? B. 32/32
A. primary division C. 31/31
B. key division D. 16/16
C. final division
D. Major division 48. Which is not a process of developing using the
ninhydrin method?
39. In assigning a number value to whorl pattern, A. immersion
what finger should be given a value of 4 when a whorl B. spraying
pattern appears therein: C. dusting
A. left little finger and right thumb D. brushing
B. right little finger and left thumb
C. right thumb and left little finger 49. Once the latent print has been visualized, it
D. left thumb and right must be preserved by:
A. Developing the latent print
40. What division in the classification formula is B. Photography
derived from both little finger and is place at the C. Lifting the impression
extreme right of the classification formula? D. Brushing it
A. key E. Swabbing it
B. final
C. major 50. A Forensic Chemist is tasked to examine the
D. secondary chemical nature and composition of the following,
except…
41. The key division is the division in the A. Blood
classification which is located at the extreme left of the B. Fingerprint
classification formula and it is taken by getting the C. Explosive
ridge count of ___? D. Body fluids
A. loop pattern
B. first radial loop
C. first loop POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
D. first whorl
1. What is considered as the utmost used of
42. In case of missing digits or an amputated photography in police work?
finger, what will be the classification of said missing A. for identification
finger? B. for record purpose
A. The same as the corresponding digit of C. for preservation
the other hand D. for court presentation
B. Mutilated finger
C. Plain whorl with meeting tracing
D. None 2. It is characterized as the bending of light.
A. reflection
43. What method of developing latent prints in B. dispersion
paper is best to be used being easy to apply and less C. refraction
destructive to the paper. D. defraction
A. iodine fuming
B. silver nitrate method 3. In Photographing the scene of the crime,
C. ninhydrin method what view should be used in order to show the best
D. dusting method feature of the nature of the crime scene?
A. medium view
44. A card used in recording and preserving B. general view
developed latent print? C. close-up view
A. Fingerprint lifting tapes D. extreme close-up view
B. Fingerprint transfer card
C. Evidence Identification tags 4. It is an electromagnetic energy which travels
D. Post-mortem fingerprint equipment with the speed of 186, 000 miles per second
A. light
45. In case of wounded finger, how should B. energy
fingerprint be taken? C. rays
A. Just take the subject fingerprint. D. radiation
B. Don’t print said finger and left the rolled
impression box empty. 5. An artificial light source which contains in its
tube certain powders capable of illuminating with some

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support from small amount of electricity. It is A. lens
commonly used in the house or commercial B. shutter
establishment. C. view finder
A. Incandescent lamp D. pentaprism
B. fluorescence lamp
C. photo flood lamp 16. A camera accessory designed to fix the
D. flash bulb camera focus and avoid its unusual movement during
the process of photographing? It is a three-leg stand.
6. Light in which their wavelengths are either too A. cable release
short or too long to excite the retina of the human eye? B. tripod
a. visible C. stand
b. natural D. camera strap
c. invisible
d. artificial or man-made 17. What type of a camera is ideal to police
photography?
7. What color will be produced by the A. view finder type
combination of a red and blue color? B. single lens reflex
A. magenta C. twin lens reflex
B. cyan D. press/view camera
C. yellow
D. Green 18. What type of a film has the longest range of
sensitivity in the electromagnetic spectrum called?
8. How many photographic rays are there? A. orthochromatic film
A. three B. blue-sensitive film
B. five C. panchromatic film
C. four D. infra-red film
D. nine
19. Assuming all conditions will be the same,
9. What photographic rays have the longest which film gives the finest of grains?
wavelength? A. ASA 1000
A. infrared B. ASA 100
B. visible rays C. ASA 200
C. ultraviolet D. ASA 400
D. x-rays
20. What photo paper is ideal to be used in a
10. Laser light is also referred to as ______? normal exposed film?
A. ultraviolet A. #1
B. coherent B. #3
C. visible C. #2
D. Heat D. #4

11. Specifically, the camera is needed in 21. What photo paper according to its chemical
photography to___. content is best suited for police photography?
A. record the image A. Silver Chloride paper
B. makes the image visible B. Silver Bromide paper
C. Exclude all unwanted and unnecessary C. Silver Chlorobromide
lights D. Iodide paper
D. makes the image permanent
22. A convex lens is capable of?
12. The following are the essential parts of the A. reducing the object
camera except one… B. enlarging the object
a. Light tight box C. making the object appear hairy
b. Lens D. reducing the size of the picture
c. Tripod
d. Shutter 23. A lens defect which enables the lens to focus
both horizontal and vertical lines in a plane at the same
13. What lens system of the camera reflects the time
light passing the lens and mirror making the image A. Coma
possible to be viewed from the viewfinder? B. Astigmatism
A. pentaprism C. Distortion
B. shutter D. Chromatic aberration
C. condenser
D. filter 24. What type of a lens is used in a simplest and
cheapest type of a camera?
14. A part of the camera which controls the a. rapid rectilinear lens
passage of light reaching the sensitized material? It b. meniscus lens
compared to the eyelid of the human eye. c. anastigmat lens
A. lens d. achromatic lens
B. lens opening e. Apochromatic lens
C. shutter
D. Focal plane shutter 25. What kind of diaphragm opening should a
photographer used in order to get a wider depth of
15. A part of the camera which provides a means field?
of determining the extent of the area coverage of a A. wider
given lens? B. smaller

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C. shorter C. Condenser
D. Longer D. Focusing speed

26. What lens has a variable focal length? 35. What is the recommended size of
A. wide angle lens photographic evidence?
B. normal focus lens A. 5 x 7 inches
C. telephoto lens B. Passport size
D. zoom lens C. 2 x 2 inches
WIDE ANGLLE- less than 35mm –wide coverage— D. 4 x 8 inches
object reduce size
NORMAL LENS- 35mm-70mm -- human vision 36. What is the usual time of fixing of a negative
TELEPHOTOLENS- more than 70mm –Narrow or a photograph?
coverage—object enlarged A. five to six minutes –-Dektol 76
ZOOM LENS- (+-) –no coverage –focus object B. one to one and half minutes –Dektol
(concentrated)
27. The determining factor of the size of an image C. One to two minutes --Universal
as well as the area of coverage of a given camera lens D. twenty to thirty minutes
is the?
A. focal length 37. The reducers or the developing agents.
B. hyper-focal distance A. Elon, Hydroquinone
C. Diaphragm opening B. sodium carbonate --accelerator
D. Depth of field C. sodium sulfate --preservative
D. potassium bromide –aka potassium alum --
28. A type of a lens that would make an object to hardener
be exaggeratedly closes to the photographer and is
ideal in stake out surveillance photography. Hydroquinone- William Abney
A. short focus lens
B. normal focus lens 38. The need for long and continuous washing in
C. telephoto lens water of a negative or finished print is to remove the
D. wide angle lens presence of___________ because its presence will
result to the early fading.
29. What is the range of distance from the A. Sodium sulfite
nearest object to the farthest object that is sharp when B. Potassium alum --harderner
the lens is set or focused at a particular distance? C. Acetic acid --neutralizer
A. focal length D. Hypo
B. hyper-focal distance
C. depth of field 39. Error in the processing step like
D. Focusing -- control the degree of sharpness overdevelopment could be remedied by the sued of a:
A. reducer
30. When one uses a Photographic filter in taking B. intensifier
a photograph, he is actually __________light rays or C. dye-toning – change color
color from the light to reach the film. D. stain remover
A. adding
B. multiplying 40. What is that process of eliminating unwanted
C. subtracting portions of a negative during enlarging process?
D. Dividing A. dodging
B. vignetting
31. A filter used in photographing fingerprints on C. burning-in
a shiny or highly polished surfaced because it D. Cropping
reduces or eliminates glare is known as:
A. Neutral density filter 41. What is the function of the boric acid and
B. Polarizing filter acetic acids in the fixer?
C. Haze filter –smoke --fog A. as preservative
D. Contrast filter B. as neutralizer
E. Correction filter—change color C. as hardener
D. as dissolving agent
32. The light condition where object in an open
space cast a deep and uniform shadow? 42. The chemical that will dissolve all the
A. Bright sunlight –deep uniform shadow unexposed and undeveloped silver halides after
B. Dull sunlight --thick cloud development is the?
C. Hazy sunlight –thin cloud A. acetic acid
D. dark sunlight B. sodium sulfate
C. hypo
33. If the basic exposure for a given film in bright D. potassium aluminum
sunlight is l/125, f11, the exposure setting at dull
sunlight would be? 43. What shutter speed will freeze a moving
A. 1/125 f4 object?
B. 1/125 f5.6—Dull sunlight A. B-shutter
C. 1/125 f8 –Hazy Sunlight B. Slow shutter
D. 1/125 f16 C. Fast shutter
D. moderate shutter
34. The part of enlarger that will assure the even
illumination of the negative when enlarging is the: 44. How much light will the combination of 1/125,
A. Lamp house f-4 has compared to 1/250, f-5.6.
B. Bellows A. equal

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B. 2 times D. forensic
C. four times
D. 6 times 4. A Greek word from which the word “ballistics”
was derived which means “to throw”
45. That part of the camera responsible for A. Ballien or ballo
transmitting the light to form the image. B. Catapult
A. Light tight box C. Ballistics
B. shutter D. Ballista -roman gigantic catapult
C. Lens Latin -CHARTA- paper
D. view finder Italian Word -Pistoia/Pistola – A city
Boullette –small ball
46. It is the process of taking a magnified Cartouche – Rolled paper
photograph of small object obtained by attaching an Mousquette –small hawk
extended tube lens to a camera.
A. Photomicrography 5. It refers to the motion of the projectile once
B. Microphotography it enters a rifled barrel of a gun.
C. Photomacrography A. Direct motion
D. Photomacrograph B. Rotatory motion
GRAPHY—process C. Translational motion
GRAPH --result D. Twist
MACROPHOTOGRAPHY—small→ enlarge – camera+
macrolens 6. What initiates the combustion of the
MICROPHOTOGRAPHY – large →small gunpowder in a shell?
A. hammer
47. A magnified photograph of small object B. primer
obtained by attaching a camera to the ocular of a C. trigger
compound microscope. D. flash hole
a. Photomicrography Flash Hole (Vent)
b. Microphotograph 1. Boxer -1 hole
c. Photomicrograph 2. Berdan -2 holes
d. Photomacrograph 3. Battery Cap Primer – Shotgun

48. A part of the sensitized which is sensitive to 7. The rearward reaction of the firearm in
light. relation to the forward movement of the bullet upon
A. emulsion firing?
B. Anti-halation A. Misfire
C. base B. recoil
D. coating C. Hangfire
D. ricochet
49. A substance present in the emulsion surface
of the film or photo paper which is sensitive to light. 8. The stillness or the steadiness of the bullet in
A. silver nitrate flight?
B. silver halides A. key hole shot
C. silver chloride B. ricochet
D. silver bromide C. yaw
D. gyroscopic action
50. Taking photograph in back lighting will
produce what image? 9. The actual pattern or curve path of the bullet
A. Good image in flight.
B. Bad image A. curve
C. fare image B. trajectory
D. better image C. gyroscopic action
D. drop of bullet

FORENSIC BALLISTIC 10. The rate of speed of the bullet per unit of
time, expressed in feet per second?
1. The person accredited as successful inventor A. muzzle velocity
of gun powder. B. velocity
A. Horace smith C. Terminal velocity
B. Alexander John Forsyth D. Trajectory
C. Berthhold Schwartz
D. Col Calvin H. Goddard 11. A device that fits over the muzzle of the barrel
to muffle the sound of a gunshot. Most work by baffling
2. ***It is the science of mobility of the the escape of gases.
projectile. a. Buffer
A. forensic ballistics b. Silencer
B. ballistics c. Magazine
C. applied physics d. Hanger
D. applied science
12. It is the distance at which the gunner has the
3. ***A branch of ballistics which treats of the control of shot. Where the bullet travel straight.
motion of the projectile while it is in its flight? A. Maximum range
A. Interior B. Accurate range
B. terminal C. Maximum effective range
C. exterior D. Effective range

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 C. single shot
13. The size of the bullet grouping on the target? D. repeating arms
A. Terminal penetration
B. Terminal energy 23. What type of a firearm contains rifling only a
C. Terminal accuracy few inches from the muzzle point?
D. Muzzle velocity A. cylinder type
B. choke bore
14. What type of a firearm propels a projectile C. rifled bore
with more than one inch diameter? D. Paradox
A. small arms
B. machine gun 24. What type of a firearm is fed by chamber?
C. artillery A. single shot
D. Cannon B. slide action
C. bolt action
15. The FP-45 (Liberator gun or Woolworth gun) D. repeating arms
was put into service use by American troops during
WWII against insurgent, it could effectively in an 8 25. Generally applied to all homemade guns, just
yards range. The Liberator gun use what caliber of as the one used by juvenile delinquent in United States.
ammunition? A. zip gun
a. Caliber .50 B. grease gun
b. Caliber .38 C. freakish gun
c. Caliber .357 D. detonation
d. Caliber .45
26. A copper jacketed type of a bullet is usually
16. A type of a firearm in which the mechanism is fired from a:
so arranged that makes it capable of continuous firing a. rifle
in a single press of a trigger and while the trigger is b. pistol
press. c. revolver
A. machine gun d. pistol and revolver
B. musket
C. sub-machine gun 27. It is known as the smallest pistol commercially
D. None of these available center fire cartridge and patented by Franz
Pfannl in 1914.
17. What type of a firearm is designed to propel a. Kolibri
a projectile by means of compressed air or strong b. Miniature Revolver C1ST -smallest revolver
string? c. Handgun Caliber .50 -most powerful gun
A. air rifle d. UZI
B. shotgun
C. Springfield armory 28. A part of a firearm which houses all the other
D. Winchester Repeating Arms Company parts.
a. Receiver
18. A type of a firearm which propels a number of b. Barrel
lead pellets in one charge to a smooth bore barrel. c. Frame
A. rifle d. Chamber
B. shotgun
C. machine gun 29. ***The mechanism of a firearm which
D. Musket withdraws the empty shells from the chamber?
A. Ejector
19. The most important single processing a barrel B. Firing pin
manufacture from the standpoint of the identification C. Extractor
expert. D. Extractor pin
a. Drilling
b. Reaming 30. In case those cartridge cases are found at the
c. Rifling scene of firing it only means that ____ firearm was
d. Lapping used.
A. single shot
20. What type of a firearm is commonly used by B. automatic
cavalry? C. bold action
A. carbine D. double action
B. revolver
C. pistol 31. Type of primer consisting of two flash hole or
D. rifle vent. It was designed by Col. Hiram Berdan. (Military
ammunition)
21. What type of a hand firearm has a rotating a. Berdan primer
cylinder that serves as the magazine and which b. Boxer primer
successively places cartridge into position for firing? c. Battery cup primer
A. pistol d. none
B. revolver
C. rifle 32. The Father of Percussion Ignition.
D. Carbine A. Alexander John Forsyth
B. Roger Bacon
22. A type of a firearm in which pressure upon the C. Bethold Schwartz
trigger will both cock and release the hammer. D. Paul M. Vieille
A. single action
B. double action

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33. He gave the name to a whole classis of C. 75% potassium chlorate, 10 % charcoal and
firearms and manufacture the “Pocket Pistol”. 15 % sulfur.
a. Henry Derringer D. 75% potassium nitrate, 10% charcoal and
b. Uziel Gal 15% sulfur.,
c. Johann Edward Schultze
d. Paul M. Vieille 43. A form of smokeless powder made from sticks
or cords and it was introduced by Prof. Frederick Abel?
34. Is a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet, A. balistite
primer, gun powder and shell: B. Poudre Blanche
A. ammunition C. cordite
B. cartridge D. Lyddite
C. shotgun cartridge
D. missile 44. The pitch of rifling (rate of twist) in the barrel
of a firearm is called as____?
35. A type of ammunition which does not have A. land
bullet used in film-making: B. one complete revolution of bullet
A. Dummy Ammunition -model C. groove
B. Blank Ammunition D. range
C. Drill Ammunition -walang gunpowder
D. Live Ammunition 45. What instrument is used in measuring the
pitch of rifling of a firearm and it was developed by
36. A type of cartridge with a rim diameter which John H. Fisher?
is smaller than the diameter of the body of the a. Bullet Recovery Box
cartridge? b. Helixometer
A. Belted type c. Analytical Torsion Balance
B. Rebated type d. Chronograph
C. Rimless type e. Bullet Comparison Microscope
D. Rimmed type
46. ***Fired Cartridge case/shell is usually
37. A type of cartridge in which is the priming marked at the ____?
mixture is not found at the cavity rim of the cartridge a. Outside near open mouth
case? b. Side or body of the shell
A. Pin fire c. Inside near open mouth
B. Rimmed type d. Any of the above
C. Center fire
D. Rim fire 47. Fired bullet found at the scene of the crime is
usually marked at the ______.
38. Unit of the bore measurement in shot gun A. Ogive
determined by the number of solid lead balls of the B. Nose
bore diameter obtainable to a pond ball? C. Base
a. Gauge D. Any of the above
b. Caliper E. none of the above
c. Base diameter
d. Bore diameter 48. Individual marks found at the interior portion
of the bullet due to poor alignment of the cylinder with
39. If 20 gauge is to .615”, 28 gauge is to .550” bore of the firearm.
then for a 12-gauge shotgun has an equivalent a. Skid marks
diameter of: b. Shaving marks
a. 775” or 10 Gauge -biggest shotgun gauge c. Stripping marks
b. 729” d. Slippage marks
c. 670” or 16 Gauge
d. 410” or .410 Gauge -smallest shotgun gauge 49. When the “draws” of the revolver is
completed, the index finger should?
40. European made firearm are usually referred in a. Touch the outside of the trigger guard
millimeter in determining calibers, when you talk of b. Be straighten along the barrel
9mm you are referring to? c. Inserting a handkerchief or string straw at the
a. .38 caliber trigger guard
b. .22 caliber or .559 mm d. Be inside the trigger guard
c. .45 caliber or 1.143 mm
d. .30 caliber or 7.63 mm 50. What is the secret of good shooting form?
A. relaxed and natural position
41. A metallic or non-metallic cylindrical container B. proper sighting of the target
which serves as the projector for the propellant against C. keeping the thumb along the hammer
moisture? D. firing slowly and carefully
A. Bullet
B. Primer
C. Cartridge case QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
D. Paper disc
1. A document completely written and signed by
42. Black powder basically composed of: one person is known as____________.
A. 75% potassium chlorate, 15% charcoal and A. Holograpic document
10% sulfur. B. Questioned document
B. 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal C. Standard document
and 10% sulfur. D. None of the above

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2. It serves as the focal points of all document B. Document which are not more than 5
examination and it is where the document examiner years before and after
relies as to the determination of the appropriate C. Document which are more than 30 years
examination and the extent of the problem involved. D. Document which are not more than 20 years
A. Questioned document
B. Standard document 12. A type of a document which bears the seals
C. Private document of the office issuing and the authorized signature to
D. Commercial document such document.
A. Public document
3. An autopsy report is an example of what kind B. Official document
of evidence? C. private document
A. documentary D. commercial document
B. testimonial
C. experimental 13. What is the first step in the procurement of
D. object/Real handwriting exemplars?
E. Electronic evidence a. Request for standard specimen
b. Determine the writing instrument and paper
4. A specimen of writing which was executed in used.
the regular course of one’s activities. c. Study of the questioned specimen
A. requested d. Arrange for normal writing condition
B. executed at one time SAMPLE- representative of the whole
C. collected TO COMPARE- -exemplar
D. day to day standard
14. A specimen of writing prepared with
5. When document examiner as well as police deliberate intent of altering the usual writing habits in
are dealing with documents, the most common the hope of hiding his identity?
problem they encountered are those concerning. A. disguised writing
A. origin B. cursive --dikit -dikit
B. counterfeit C. hand lettering -hiwa-hiwalay
C. authorship D. block capital –malalaking letter
D. intercalation
15. It refers to properties or marks, elements or
6. ***Refers to the study of one’s handwriting in qualities which serve to distinguish. Known as the basis
attempting to determine one’s personality. of identification.
A. Agraphia A. Characteristics
B. Chromatography B. class characteristics
C. graphology C. individual characteristics
D. handwriting identification D. sample

7. He is known Father of Questioned Document 16. A specimen of writing which was executed
A. Albert S. Osborn without intention of changing the usual writing habits.
B. Dr. Hans Gross It is executed normally by the writer.
C. Ordway Hilton A. Natural writing
D. Edmond Locard B. Guided writing
C. disguised writing
8. The combination of the basic designs of letter D. Dr. Wilson Harrison
and the writing movement involved in the writing?
A. copy book form 17. Writing forms can either be a disconnected or
B. system of writing joined letter writings. What specimen of writing is
C. erasure characterized by disconnected style?
D. Writing movement “Mobility” A. Hand lettering
B. Manuscript form
9. The visible record of the written strokes C. cursive writing
resulting from a combination of various factors D. cuneiform –wedge writing
associated to the motion of the pen? Is the overall
quality of the strokes? 18. A genuine signature which was used in the
A. Obliteration preparation of a simulated or traced forgery.
B. writing habits A. Writing “Visible result”
C. line quality B. Signature
D. significant writing habits C. Model signature
E. Decipherment “Process of making out” D. evidential signature

10. It refers to the usual or normal deviations 19. It refers to the group of muscles which is
found in a repeated specimen of individual’s responsible for the formation of the upward strokes.
handwriting. A. Flexor
A. Natural variation B. Cortex
B. transitory change C. Lumbrical
C. Grapho-analysis (Curve and Straight) D. Extensor
D. Graphometry (Measurement)
20. If John Loud is known for ball-point pen, who
11. In document examination when referring to is for the fountain pen?
contemporary documents this refers to______? A. Lewis Watterman
A. Document which is more than 5 years before B. John Parker
and after. C. Laszlo Biro
D. Nicholas Jacques Conte --pencil

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 A. Hiatus
21. A sign of forgery in guided hand signature is. B. Stem, Shank or Staff -downward stroke
A. Good pen control C. Flying start and finish
B. Uneven alignment D. Buckle knot
C. Disconnected stroked
D. Abrupt change in direction 30. ***Strokes which goes back over another
writing strokes and which is slightly to occur due to
22. A modern pen nib which contains a reservoir lack of movement control.
of ink in a specially designed back or chamber is A. retouching
described as. B. Pen shading
A. fountain pen C. retracing
B. pencil D. Blunt
C. fiber pen
D. ball point pen 31. The outer portion of a curve bend or crook?
A. humps
23. A type of writing movement that gives a great B. arc -inner
freedom of movement? Also considered as the most C. Knob
skillful type of movement. D. central part -body
a. finger movement
b. forearm movement 32. What is that introductory up and down stroke
c. hand movement “Wrist is pivotal” found in almost all capital letters?
d. whole arm movement A. hitch
B. humps
24. An irregularity in strokes characterized by C. beard --double hitch
shaky or wavering stroke which is perfectly apparent D. whirl
even without magnification?
A. tremor 33. Forged signature made by free hand
B. tremor of old age movement and constant practice is called:
C. tremor of illiteracy A. Traced forgery --drawing
D. tremor of fraud B. Simple forgery
C. Simulated forgery --copied
Blot – careless use of pen D. spurious signature
Hesitation – irregular thickening of the ink
34. A traced forgery of signature is not really a
25. What is that which widens the ink strokes due writing but a,
to the added pressure on a flexible pen point? A. Retouching
A. pen pressure -diin B. Patching
B. pen lifting –pagkaputol ng stroke dahil C. Drawing
inangat D. tremor of fraud
C. Pen shading -pagkapal ng sulat
D. Retouching -binalikan dahil may aayusin sa 35. What type of forgery is made when the
stroke writers exert no effort to effect resemblance or
E. Skill facsimile between the forged and the genuine
signatures?
26. These are meant to those grace lines, A. simple
superfluous strokes and are useful only for B. traced
ornamentation and are not essential to the legibility of C. simulated
the signatures and usually occurs among writers who D. spurious
attempt to express some phase of their personalities.
A. diacritics 36. A type of forgery which involves fraudulent
B. embellishments or rubric signature executed by actually following the outline of
C. Pen Pressure a genuine signature with a writing instrument?
D. Rhythm A. carbon outline process
B. indention process
27. ***What was done, when one retouches or C. Projection or transmitted light process
goes back over a defective portion of a writing stroke? D. traced
A. retracing
B. Pen pressure 37. As a rule, it is easier to determine whether or
C. patching not a signature is forgery, but it is very difficult on the
D. Pen shading other hand to established who committed the forgery
because:
28. ***What is that interruption in a stroke, A. the forger might be a left-handed
caused by sudden removal of the writing instrument B. imitation is one of the most effective
from the paper surface? means to disguise one’s handwriting
A. Pen emphasis --pen pressure + pen speed C. there should be no sufficient standard
+Pen shading available
B. pen lift D. none
C. Pen scope --lawak ng pagsulat
D. Pen position 38. Philippine Paper bills are printed in what
E. Pen hold process.
a. Letter process “Nakaumbok”
29. Stroke where the motion of the pen precedes b. Intaglio process “Punas ink”
the beginning and continues beyond the end of a c. Off-set-Lithographic process
vanishing point and are found on free natural writing d. All of the above
and as a rule are important indication of genuineness. Abaca -20%

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Cotton- 80 % a. Remington Model 1
b. Remington Model 2
39. Paper, which has been treated in such a way c. Remington Model 3
as to minimize the change of a successful forgery by d. Remington Model 4
erasure, whether mechanical or chemical, being carried
out on any document of which it forms the basis called. 49. The study of ancient and historical
A. Papyrus handwriting of the forms and processes of writing.
B. Tested paper a. Handwriting “Visible effect”
C. Safety paper b. Slant
D. Parchment or Vellum c. Baseline “Writing at rest”
d. Paleography
40. What is that indelible ink whose marking
substance is composed of mixture of aniline ink and 50. A document becomes a QD when _______,
graphite? alteration, this usually affects the original content or
A. Carbon ink -oldest ink meaning of the document.
B. Stamp pad ink “Vegetable char and gum” a. Forged
C. Indelible ink b. Signature
D. copy pencil c. Fraudulent
d. Changes
41. What is the first step in the procurement of
typewriting exemplars? POLYGRAPHY
A. procurement of the suspected typewriter
B. study of the questioned typewriting 1. The word Polygraph was derived from what
C. acquisition of typewriting exemplars word?
D. preparation of exemplars A. Poly and Graph
B. Many writings chart
42. It is one of the most expensive instruments C. Greek
used for examination of documents that would show D. Latin
three dimensional enlargements?
A. stereoscopic microscope 2. The first man noted for the use of the word
B. infrared gadget “Polygraph”
C. ultraviolet light A. Thomas Jefferson
D. Electrostatic Detection Apparatus B. Galileo Galilee -Pulselogium
C. Cesare Lombroso –Hydrosphygmograph
43. A light examination in which the source of (1898)
illumination strikes the surface of the paper from the D. Sir James Mackenzie –ink polygraph
back or at the bottom, usually designed in identification
of water markings? 3. The person who devises an instrument that
A. direct light can record changes of blood pressure, pulse beat and
B. oblique light respiration simultaneously which he called the “Bread
C. side light board Lie Detector”.
D. transmitted light A. Angelo Mosso –used fear as a sign of
deception
44. An illegible form of a writing which is B. John E. Reid – Silent Answer Test
characterized by partially visible depression appearing C. John A. Larson
underneath the original writing. D. William M. Marston – Systolic BP –
A. invisible writing Discontinous Technique
B. indented writing PLETHYSMOGRAPH (Frank Flake)
C. Charred document
D. contact writing 4. A person who makes a great improvement on
the polygraph machine in the year 1926.
45. A type of conventional typewriter in which the A. George Sticker –skin resistance
characters are normally space 12 in one horizontal B. Harold Burtt –Respiration→ weak + Systolic
A. pica --10 Blood Pressure
B. proportional spacing machine C. Richard O. Arthur
C. elite D. Leonarde Keeler
D. character Accuracy (3 MAJOR COMPONENTS)
1. Cardiograph – blood pressure &Pulse Beat –
46. Is a typeface defect in which the letters are Bottom – Red- 5 inches
printed to the right or left of its proper position? 2. Galvanograph – Electrodermal activity (EDA)
A. vertical mal alignment -Center -Blue – 7inches
B. horizontal mal alignment 3. Pneumograph – Respiration—Thorasic
C. twisted letter (Chest) & Abdomen -Top -Green -5 inches
D. off-its feet 4. Kymograph -pull the polygraph
5. Pen and Inking System – permanent record
47. A type of abnormality/defects in typewriter
that can easily be corrected by simply cleaning the
machine or replacing the ribbon? 5. An Australian Magistrate who described the
A. temporary defect work of investigator/detectives as “Search for Truth”
B. clogged type face A. CD Lee -Psychograph
C. permanent defect B. Dr. Hans Gross
D. actual breakage C. Daniel Defoe
D. Otto Veraguth – Psychogalvanic Skin Reflex
48. The first commercial typewriter introduced in Leonarde Keeler – Relevant Question and Irrelevant
1874? Question

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6. He devised a quantitative analysis on a A. Black lie -character assassination—Intriguing
polygraph chart and the test called Backster Zone against honor
Comparison Technique. B. Red lie -politician
A. Cleve Backster C. Jocose lie -
B. Richard D. Arthur D. Malicious lie --Mislead-False testimony-
C. C.D. Lee perjury-obstruction of justice
D. Ruckmick “Electro dermal response”
15. A strategic lie told when the truth may not be
7. An ancient method of detecting deception told because, for example, harm to a third party would
practice in Bengal, India was accused to prove his result.
innocent would touch his tongue to an extremely hot A. Emergency lies
metal. B. White lie or Officious
A. boiling water ordeal C. Bluffed lie -social climber -bully
B. red hot iron ordeal D. Big lie
C. Donkey’s tail ordeal
D. Trial by combat 16. A Hindu book of science and health which is
Dei Indicum – Miraculous Decision considered one of the earliest references on detecting
deception.
8. The Raid polygraph differs from the Keeler’s A. Ayur Vida
in the following respect except: B. Dharmasatra of Gautama
A. An adjustable and portable chair is employed C. Vasistra of Dharmasastra
wherein metal bellows are inserted in the chair arm D. Legendary red book by Chaps
rests.
B. The chair seat is directly attached to recording 17. Which of the following are inadmissible in
bellows in the machine to form closed pneumatic court to use as evidence?
systems. A. Polygraph test
C. Three additional recordings are made by this B. Use of alcoholic beverages
method C. Narco-Analysis Test
D. There is no need of using corrugated D. Use of Hypnotism
rubber tubing. E. All of these

9. It is the act of deceiving usually accompanied 18. Which of the following is a major component
by uttering falsehood? of the polygraph machine?
A. lying A. Blood pressure cuff
B. Admission B. Pen and inking system
C. deception C. kymograph
D. Interrogation D. cardiosphygmograph

10. Which of the following is true about Polygraph 19. A part of the pneumograph component which
machine? was attached to the body of the subject with the usual
A. It is a machine that can diagnose subject length of 10 inches.
B. It is a lie detector machine A. beaded chain
C. It is capable of interpreting and drawing B. rubber convoluted tube
conclusion. C. finger electrode plate
D. It is a machine that detects D. blood pressure cuff
physiological responses.
20. A section of the polygraph machine designed
11. The polygraph machine should be _________ to run the paper at a regular speed of 6 inches per
in relation to the credibility and competence of the minutes.
examiner? A. kymograph
A. Indirectly proportion B. pen and inking system
B. Substitute to investigation C. pnuemograph
C. Supplementary to investigation D. galvanogaph
D. Directly proportion
21. An attachment of the cardiosphygmograph
12. The following notions about polygraph which placed above the brachial artery.
machine are wrong, EXCEPT. A. arm cuff
A. It rings a bell B. infant cuff
B. It has a dial indicator C. Wrist cuff
C. It flashes a light D. hand cuff
D. It is like an X-ray
22. This is a galvanograph attachment section
13. The scientific basis of the polygraph test EXCEPT:
which states that the polygraph machine is an A. sets of electrodes
instrument capable of making records of various B. stretched band
human functioning simultaneously in a chart paper? C. electrodes jelly
A. mechanical leg basic premise D. rubber convoluted tube
B. psychological leg basic premise
C. physiological leg basic premise 23. The sum total of the dissimulation which the
D. psycho motor leg basic premise child acquires from his surrounding once he learns to
go out and socialized with his neighborhood.
14. A type of deceit for the purpose of humor, A. Personality
when the falsehood is generally understood, is often B. Environment
regarded as not immoral and is widely practiced by C. Heredity
humorists and comedians. D. Education

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 B. permit the interviewee to give narrative
24. What should be the attitude of a polygraph statement
examiner in confronting subject in a polygraph test. C. be guided by a pre-arranged checklist
A. arrogant D. Devote adequate time for an interviewee’s
B. cordial but firm evaluation.
C. authoritative
D. antagonistic 34. What usually set the tone or condition and
creates the atmosphere during the interrogation?
25. Generally speaking, all persons subjected to A. interrogator’s behavior
lie detector examination are all ___ and this creates a B. questioning style of the interrogator
set of distortion. C. the type of crime involved
A. Terrified D. the subject’s personal history
B. nervous
C. convenient 35. The stage in the conduct of the polygraph
D. confident test, which is designed to prepare or condition the
subject for the actual test.
26. When the subject is highly nervous, what A. Initial Interview
should the examiner do? B. Pre-test Interview
A. reschedule the examination C. Instrumentation
B. Prolong the period of the pre-test D. Post-test Interview/Interrogation
interview.
C. Call for a doctor or request for an ambulance. 36. It is conducted for the purpose of obtaining
D. do not continue with the pre-test and ask the confession or an admission from the subject once
subject for his available date for reschedule. deception is observed.
A. Initial interview
27. A short horizontal line in a cardio tracing B. Instrumentation
located at the middle of the diastolic stem? C. Pre-test interview
A. Dicrotic D. post-test interview or interrogation
B. Diastolic -downward tracing
C. Diastotic 37. It refers to any outside force coming from the
D. Systolic -upward tracing environment, which could excite a receptor or any of
his organs.
28. Is the normal rate of pulse beat of an adult A. Stimulus
subject in a polygraph test? B. Response “Reaction to stimulus”
A. 60 –65 C. Reaction “Action in mental attitude”
B. 70 – 75 D. Emotion
C. 6- 12
D. 13- 15 38. The type of question designed to established
normal response from the subject?
29. In polygraph test Questions are usually A. Relevant question -related to crime
answerable by: B. Peak of tension test
A. yes C. Irrelevant question -not related
B. no D. Evidence connecting question
C. neither yes nor no
D. Both A and B 39. An irrelevant question added before and after
a relevant question?
30. The following are disqualified to be subject of A. Padding question
polygraph test, EXCEPT. B. Relevant Question
A. minor C. Control or Comparison Question
B. imbecile D. None of the above
C. nervous
D. insane 40. A type of questions given to determine
information known or the subject possess regarding
31. What should be the mark placed on a chart the crime or the criminal or his whereabouts?
paper at the start of the test? A. evidence connecting question
A. X/60/1.5 A B. sacrifice questions “DYAT Question”
B. X/50/2.5 A C. Knowledge question
C. XX/60/1.5 A D. control or comparison questions
D. XXX/60/2.5 A
41. A type of test designed to overly responsive
32. The investigator should avoid asking subject, consisting of questions that are purely
witnesses long complicated questions because this will: fictitious incident of a similar nature to the one that is
A. Give the witness a chance to formulate under investigation?
desired answer. A. General question test
B. Enable him to ascertain the purpose of the B. Symptomatic questions
interviewer. C. guilt complex test
C. Renders difficulty in obtaining the facts for D. silent answer test
conviction
D. Embraces him and cause him to answer 42. Which of the following which is a kind of
he does not know polygraph machine?
A. Stoelting polygraph
33. The best way to conduct a thorough interview B. Laffayette polygraph
is for the investigator to: C. keeler's polygraph
A. allow himself sufficient time for adjustment D. all of these

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43. A part of the galvanograph component which
converts electrical to mechanical current: 3. What is known as the reproduction of an
A. Amplifier unit impression made on soft surface by utilizing casting
B. finger electrode assembly materials?
C. resonance control A. dry fusion
D. sensitivity knob B. metallic aides
C. moulage
44. In any interrogation the belief that man is D. plaster of Paris
fallible human being should not be overlooked and
therefore polygraph examiners are always subject to 4. What will be the possible child of a man with
_________? Group A and Type M blood with woman of Group B,
A. precision of diagnosis type N blood?
B. certainty of interpretations A. AB, N
C. errors B. B, N
D. none of these C. O, M
D. AB, MN
45. It refers to the brief confrontation between Universal Recipient -AB
the subject and the polygraph examiner done every Universal Donor – O
after taking each chart.
A. initial interview 5. What kind of a solution is used in the
B. chart probing restoration of serial numbers?
C. Pre-test interview A. saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate
D. post-test interview or interrogation B. colloidal magnesium
C. etching solution
46. What is the part of the cardio component D. borax solution
which indicate the system in millimeters of mercury?
A. Hydro Sphygmomanometer 6. What is the last stage in the toxicological
B. Sphygmomanometer examination?
C. Stethoscope A. qualification
D. Microscope B. multiplication
C. quantification
47. Corrugated rubber bellow with the aid of D. division
beaded chain should fastened on the subject’s:
A. Abdomen and Chest 7. Person who is qualified to conduct
B. Waistline and Hip toxicological examination?
C. Both legs A. Physician
D. Both right and left breast B. medico-legal
C. forensic examiner
48. Pneumograph component detects… D. forensic pathologist
A. Blood pressure of the subject
B. Breathing 8. Gun powder residue maybe determined by?
C. Skin resistance A. Takayama test -blood
D. Menstruation B. Diphenylamine-paraffin test
C. Autopsy
49. The case in the USA that discard previous D. Florence test -seminal fluid
ruling of the court relative to admissibility of the
polygraph result. 9. The chemical substance found in all cells
A. US versus Frye whose compositions have been passed on from parents
B. US versus Sockel to their children?
C. US versus Picciononna A. RNA
D. City of Manila versus Tomas Cabangis B. DNA
C. Genotype
50. It refers to the action taken by an individual D. Phenotype
to protect or to restore certain favorable states of
equilibrium. 10. It is a biological test for blood?
A. Ear A. benzidine test --Preliminary Test
B. Homeostasis B. blood grouping/typing
C. Hypothalamus C. takayama test—Confirmatory Test
D. Autonomic nervous system D. precipitin test

FORENSIC MEDICINE 11. A preliminary test in blood in a solution of 1

to 300,000 dilution is:
1. A poisonous gas which smells like a rotten A. Benzidine test PT
egg? B. Phenolphthalein test PT
A. H2S C. Guiacum test PT
B. CO2 D. Takayama test CT
C. CO
D. H2O 12. A mercury fulminate is as example of what
explosive?
2. The normal amount of semen per ejaculation a. Low
of a normal built person? b. Primary/Initiator
A. 1.5 to 3.5 cc c. high
B. 2.5 to 3.5 cc d. None
C. 3.5 to 5.5 cc
D. 3.5 to 4.5 cc

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13. The center core of a strand of the hair, which A. That the victim at the time the injuries were
form the bulk of the fiber. inflicted was in normal health
A. cuticle B. That death may be expected from physical
B. Cortex injuries
C. medulla C. That death ensued within a reasonable time
D. Shaft D. That death ensued from a lingering
illness
14. The cuticle of the animal hair is:
A. Rounded - HUMAN 24. The sum total of all reaction of tissues or
B. serrated organs for which the activities of the living cells are
C. oblong necessary.
D. circular A. physical reaction
B. vital reaction
15. It is the ratio between the width of the C. chemical reaction
medulla and the width of the whole hair? D. inflammation
A. medulary index
B. medulary ratio 25. The breaking down of the complex proteins
C. medula into simpler component associated with the evolution
D. medula radius of foul-smelling gases and accompanied by the change
of color of the body.
16. In 1858, who published the first textbook in A. putrefaction
legal medicine entitled “Manual de Medicina B. auto digestion
Domestica”? C. maceration
a. Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas D. saponification
b. Paulus Zacchias “Father of L.M”
c. Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” 26. What is a waxy substance derived from the
d. Imhotep “First Medico Legal Expert” body fat and is caused by hydrolysis and hydrogenation
e. Antistius of adipose tissue?
A. adipocere
17. An animated corpse brought back to life by B. lipo
mystical means such as witchcraft. C. saponification
a. Carcass -bangkay ng hayop D. none of these
b. Cadaver -bangkay ng tao
c. Zombie 27. Deaths due to injuries inflicted in the body by
d. Super Human some forms of outside force.
A. violent death
18. A gait similar to that of a duck is? B. Euthanasia
A. paretic -sakang C. sudden death
B. waddling D. Post-mortem caloricity
C. spastic -robot
D. cow’s -piki 28. The following judicial executions were
exercised in the Philippines except.
19. It is a complete and persistent cessation of A. judicial hanging
vital reactions such as respiration, circulation and B. electrocution
almost all brain functions. C. musketry
A. death D. lethal injection
B. somatic death
C. apparent death 29. Stage of muscular change, which occurs 3-6
D. molecular death hours after death characteristics by stiffening of the
muscles.
20. Which of the following is a more conclusive A. livor mortis
sign of death– B. secondary flaccidity
A. cessation of respiration C. algor mortis
B. cessation of heart function and circulation D. post-mortem rigidity
C. cooling of the body
D. heating of the body 30. Pulverization of the body into ashes with the
use of intense fire___
21. It is a change of the color of the body after A. charring
death when blood accumulates in the dependent B. cremation
portion of the body. C. exhumation
A. Rigor mortis -time of death D. baking
B. livor mortis
C. algor mortis -sign of death 31. A muscular change characterized by the
D. none of the above softness of the muscles and no longer responds to
mechanical or electrical stimulus due to dissolution of
22. Molecular death is a kind of death where: protein.
a. there is loss of life of the individual cells A. Primary flaccidity
of the body B. stage of secondary flaccidity
b. It is usually pronounced by the physician C. Post mortem rigidity
c. It occurs immediately after death D. Putrefaction
d. There is a transient loss of vital functions of E. Decomposition
the body
32. Maggots are seen in dead bodies particularly
23. The elements of violent death are the in warm countries within how many days from death.
following EXCEPT one. A. l day

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B. 2 days A. fracture
C. 3 days B. wound
D. 4 days C. dislocation
D. contusion
33. Livor mortis or post mortem lividity is
completed in how many hours after death? 44. A wound which is the result of instinctive
A. 24 hours reaction of self-protection is what special type of
B. 12 hours wound.
C. 36 hours A. defense
D. 48 hours B. self-inflicted wound
C. offensive
34. Average time of decomposition for tropical D. Patterned
countries such as Philippines –
A. 12 to 24 hours 45. In gunshot wounds, when there is evident
B. 24 to 48 hours burning of tissues and blackening of the skin, it may be
C. 36 to 48 hours ascertained that it is a near contact fire meaning that
D. 48 to 72 hours the distance of the body to the gun is approximately.
A. 6 inches
35. A wound which resembles the shape or object B. 12 inches
of the instrument which caused it. C. 18 inches
A. defense wound D. 24 inches
B. patterned wound
C. self-inflicted wound 46. A form of ligature strangulation in which the
D. mutilated wound force applied to the neck is derived from the
gravitational drag of the weight of the body?
36. Wound produced by a butcher’s knife. A. hanging
A. punctured wound B. strangulation by ligature
B. hack wound C. smothering
C. lacerated wound D. none of these
D. incised wound
47. It is produced by compression of the neck by
37. Average time for the stomach to empty its means of a ligature which is tightened by a force other
contents than the weight of the body.
A. 2 to 3 hours A. strangulation by ligature
B. 3 to 4 hours B. hanging
C. 4 to 5 hours C. throttling
D. 5 to 6 hours D. gagging

38. A person who is considered dead if no rate of 48. It is a type of virginity in which a woman has
fall of body temperature is about awareness and had sexual indulgence but the hymen
A. 10 to 15°F is considered in tact
B. 20 to 25° F A. Virgo Intacta
C. 15 to 20°F B. Demi Virgin
D. 25 to 30° F C. Moral Virginity
D. Physical Virginity
39. Period of time wherein the body would be E. Manceres
completely skeletonized under normal conditions in
tropical countries 49. Which of the following is a potential biological
A. 1 month agent?
B. 3 months a. Viagra
C. 6 months b. Hydrogen
D. 12 months c. Antrax
d. Smallpox
40. As a general rule, if there is no heart action
for a period of ___ death is regarded as certain. 50. A super cooled liquid which possesses high
A. 5 minutes viscosity and rigidly. Non-Crystalline inorganic
B. 6 minutes substance?
C. 7 minutes a. Glass
D. 8 minutes b. Silica
c. Radial crack
41. Stages in blood changes where blood goes to d. Concentric crack
the dependent portion of the body but not yet solidify.
A. livor mortis
B. hypostatic lividity “Today is hardship and struggle day, tomorrow
C. diffusion lividity is our reigning day”
D. cadaveric spasm
“We are all bless and not luck because God is
42. An adult has only ____bones everywhere to guide and help us”
A. 200
B. 202
C. 204
D. 206

43. Dissolution of the natural continuity of any

tissue of the living body is called

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