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Lec%203.1THERMAL-PHYSICS

The document outlines the principles of heat, its importance in health sciences, and applications in therapeutic treatments. It covers concepts such as heat transfer mechanisms, specific heat capacity, and the first law of thermodynamics, along with practical problems and quizzes for understanding. The material emphasizes the role of heat in biological processes and medical applications, particularly in physical therapy and temperature regulation.

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rachellamboson
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3 views

Lec%203.1THERMAL-PHYSICS

The document outlines the principles of heat, its importance in health sciences, and applications in therapeutic treatments. It covers concepts such as heat transfer mechanisms, specific heat capacity, and the first law of thermodynamics, along with practical problems and quizzes for understanding. The material emphasizes the role of heat in biological processes and medical applications, particularly in physical therapy and temperature regulation.

Uploaded by

rachellamboson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

J.

ISIDOR
What you are expected to learn ? 2

By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:


1. Understand the Basic Principles of Heat:
2. Analyze Heat Transfer Mechanisms in the Human
Body:
3. Apply Heat Transfer Equations:
4. Understand the Role of Heat in Therapeutic
Treatments
A. Overview
 Heatis a form of energy that plays a significant role in
biological processes, medical applications, and health
sciences.
 Understanding the physics of heat is crucial in fields
such as physical therapy, medicine, and biology
because it governs processes like temperature
regulation, metabolism, and thermotherapy.
B. Importance in Health and Life Sciences

 Heat therapy is commonly used in physical


therapy for pain relief, muscle relaxation, and
injury recovery.
 In medicine, understanding body temperature
regulation helps in diagnosing and managing
fever, hypothermia, and other thermal disorders.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEAT

 HEAT is form of energy that transfers from one


object to another because of a temperature
difference between them.
 measured in JOULES (J) , CALORIE (cal), with 1
calorie = 4.18 joules.
TEMPERATURE 6

j isidor
 A quantitative measure of how
hot or cold an object is.
 Temperature is proportional to
the average kinetic energy of the
molecules in an object or system
⚫ The average KE of the particles is proportional 7
to the temperature of the substance.

Hot object Cooler object


HEAT 9

j isidor
❑ form of energy that transfers from one object
to another because of a temperature
difference between them.
❑ measured in JOULES (J) , CALORIE (cal),
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
1
Heat Energy added to a substance increases its 1

temperature.

Cooler object Hot object

Internal Energy increases


1
Heat Energy taken away from a substance 2

decreases its temperature.

Cooler object Hot object

Internal Energy decreases


1
3

How much heat is needed

j isidor
to raise the temperature
of an object?
1
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY (c) 4

 the quantity of heat that must flow into or out of a unit


mass of a substance to change its temperature by one
degree.
 1 calorie = 4.184 J
1,000 J = 1 KJ
Specific Heat Capacities 1
7

Substance J/kg Co cal/g Co or


Btu/lb Fo
Aluminum 920 0.22
Brass 390 0.094
Copper 390 0.093
Glass 840 0.2
Gold 130 0.03
Ice 2090 0.5
Iron 470 0.113
Lead 130 0.031
Mercury 130 0.031
Steam 2000 0.048
Steel 480 0.114
Water 4186 1.00
Problems
1. A 1.2 kg gel pack at room temperature (25°C) is heated to
60°C. If the specific heat capacity of the gel is 3500 J/kg·°C,
how much energy was absorbed?
2. A therapist needs to heat 2.5 kg of water in a hydrotherapy
tub from 30°C to 40°C. How much heat energy is required?
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4186 J/kg·°C)
First Law of Thermodynamics
(Conservation of Energy):
 requires that in any exchange of thermal energy the heat lost must
equal the heat gained
Quiz
1. During a session, ultrasound therapy delivers 3000 J
of heat to 0.8 kg of muscle tissue, increasing its
temperature from 36.5°C to 38.0°C. What is the
specific heat capacity of the muscle?
2. A 100 g mass of metal with specific heat 0.2 cal/g oC has a
temperature of 20 oC. What would be its final temperature if
100 calories of energy were added to it?
Problems 2
1

PT1B Q3.1
1. A piece of metal of unknown specific heat,
weighing 125 g and temperature 90°C, is dropped
into 150 g of water at 10°C. They finally reach
thermal equilibrium at a temperature of 25°C.
Calculate the unknown specific heat capacity?
(Specific heat of water is 1.0 cal/g°C)
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
1. If the atoms of an object are moving or vibrating fast, the
temperature would be...
Hot Cold Unknown
2. Which of the following best defines heat?
A. The measure of the average kinetic energy of
particles
B. The temperature of an object
C. The energy transferred due to a temperature
difference
D. The capacity of an object to do wor
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
3. When you touch ice, heat is transferred from

A. your hand to the ice

B. the ice to your hand


CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
4. When you drink a hot cup of coffee, heat is transferred from

1) your mouth to the coffee

2) the coffee to your mouth


CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
5. The temperature of land rises more quickly than that of the sea
because the specific heat of soil is
A. more than water
B. less than water
C. equal to water
D. neutral
Problems 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝒕 2
7

1.How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 200 g mercury from 20 to 100
oC. (c = 0.031 cal/g oC)
Hg

2. The temperature of a 200-g sample of an unknown substance changed from 20°C to


45°C. In the process, the substance released 569 calories of energy. What is the
specific heat capacity of the substance?
3. A 100 g mass of metal with specific heat 0.2 cal/g oC has a temperature of 20 oC.
What would be its final temperature if 100 calories of energy were added to it?
Problems 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝒕 28

2. The temperature of a 200-g sample of an unknown substance changed from 40°C to


25°C. In the process, the substance released 569 calories of energy. What is the
specific heat capacity of the substance?
3. A 100 g mass of metal with specific heat 0.2 cal/g oC has a temperature of 20 oC.
What would be its final temperature if 100 calories of energy were added to it?
Assignement – 3.1 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝒕 2
9

1. A 100 g mass of metal with specific heat 0.2 cal/g oC has a temperature of 20 oC. What
would be its final temperature if 100 calories of energy were added to it?
2. What would be the final temperature of the mixture of 50 g of 20oC water and 40 g of
400C water.
3. A 100 g mass of metal with specific heat 0.2 cal/g oC has a temperature of 20 oC. What
would be its final temperature if 100 calories of energy were added to it?
Conservation of Thermal Energy 3
0
requires that in any exchange of thermal energy the
heat lost must equal the heat gained
Heat lost by hot bodies = heat gained by cold bodies
Problems 3
2
1. A handful of copper shot is heated to 98oC and then dropped into 160 g of water at
20oC. The final temperature of the mixture is 25oC. What was the mass of the shot? (cCu =
0.093 cal/g oC)
Problems 3
3

3. What would be the final temperature of the mixture of 50 g of 20oC water and 40 g of
400C water.
3.1 ASSIGNMENT:
34

1. An iron steam pipe is 200 ft long at 0oC. What will its


increase in length when heated to 100oC? (α = 1.2 x
10-5 / oC). Ans. ∆L = 0.24 ft.
2. Suppose an aluminum bar 1 m long expands 0.0025
m when heated at 100oC. What is the temperature of
the bar at its initial length? (α = 2.4 x 10-5/ oC.
3. What would be the final temperature of the mixture of 50 g
of 20oC water and 40 g of 400C water.

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