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The document discusses the application of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in a Selenium framework, focusing on encapsulation, inheritance, method overriding, method overloading, interfaces, and abstraction. It illustrates these concepts with code examples, such as using the Page Object Model (POM) for encapsulation and a base class for inheritance, enhancing code reusability and security. Additionally, it highlights the benefits of abstraction and polymorphism in creating cleaner and more maintainable test code.

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Rutuja Nikam
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6 views

1

The document discusses the application of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in a Selenium framework, focusing on encapsulation, inheritance, method overriding, method overloading, interfaces, and abstraction. It illustrates these concepts with code examples, such as using the Page Object Model (POM) for encapsulation and a base class for inheritance, enhancing code reusability and security. Additionally, it highlights the benefits of abstraction and polymorphism in creating cleaner and more maintainable test code.

Uploaded by

Rutuja Nikam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Using OOP Concepts in Selenium Framework

Encapsulation

Where: In the Page Object Model (POM), encapsulation is used by making web
elements private and exposing public methods to interact with them.

Benefit: Improves security and prevents accidental manipulation of page elements.

public class LoginPage {


private WebDriver driver;
private By username = By.id("username");
private By password = By.id("password");
private By loginButton = By.id("login");

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {


this.driver = driver;
}

public void enterUsername(String user) {


driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
}

public void enterPassword(String pass) {


driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);
}

public void clickLogin() {


driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}

Without Encapsulation (Risk):

public class LoginPage {


public WebDriver driver;
public By username = By.id("username");
public By password = By.id("password");
public By loginButton = By.id("login");

public void clickLogin() {


driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}

LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage();


loginPage.username = By.id("newUsername"); // Risk of accidental change

Inheritance

Where: Use a BaseClass to initialize WebDriver and common methods. Test classes
inherit from it.

Benefit: Code reusability, better management, and reduced duplication.

Base Class (BaseClass):

public class BaseClass {


protected WebDriver driver;

public void initializeDriver(String browser) {


if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
} else if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "path/to/geckodriver");
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}

public void openURL(String url) {


driver.get(url);
}

public void tearDown() {


if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}

Test Class (LoginTest):

public class LoginTest extends BaseClass {

@BeforeMethod
public void setUp() {
initializeDriver("chrome");
openURL("https://example.com/login");
}

@Test
public void testLogin() {
LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
loginPage.enterUsername("testUser");
loginPage.enterPassword("testPassword");
loginPage.clickLogin();
}

@AfterMethod
public void tearDown() {
super.tearDown();
}
}

Method Overriding

Where: Override methods in child classes to provide custom functionality.

Benefit: Allows specific pages to modify base behavior (e.g., custom wait times).

BasePage:

public class BasePage {


protected WebDriver driver;
protected WebDriverWait wait;
public BasePage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
this.wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
}

public void waitForElementVisible(By locator) {


wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(locator));
System.out.println("BasePage: Waiting for element visibility using default
10-second wait.");
}
}

DashboardPage (Overriding):

public class DashboardPage extends BasePage {

public DashboardPage(WebDriver driver) {


super(driver);
}

@Override
public void waitForElementVisible(By locator) {
WebDriverWait customWait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
customWait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(locator));
System.out.println("DashboardPage: Waiting for element visibility using custom
20-second wait.");
}

public void openReportsSection() {


By reportsSection = By.id("reports");
waitForElementVisible(reportsSection);
driver.findElement(reportsSection).click();
}
}
Method Overloading

Where: Use multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Benefit: Simplifies handling different types of inputs or optional behaviors.

BasePage with Overloaded Methods:

public class BasePage {


protected WebDriver driver;

public BasePage(WebDriver driver) {


this.driver = driver;
}

public void enterText(By locator, String text) {


WebElement element = driver.findElement(locator);
element.clear();
element.sendKeys(text);
System.out.println("Entered text: " + text);
}

public void enterText(By locator, int number) {


WebElement element = driver.findElement(locator);
element.clear();
element.sendKeys(String.valueOf(number));
System.out.println("Entered number: " + number);
}

public void enterText(By locator, String text, boolean clearField) {


WebElement element = driver.findElement(locator);
if (clearField) {
element.clear();
}
element.sendKeys(text);
System.out.println("Entered text with clear option: " + text);
}
}
Usage in RegistrationPage:

public class RegistrationPage extends BasePage {


private By usernameLocator = By.id("username");
private By ageLocator = By.id("age");
private By emailLocator = By.id("email");

public RegistrationPage(WebDriver driver) {


super(driver);
}

public void registerUser(String username, int age, String email) {


enterText(usernameLocator, username);
enterText(ageLocator, age);
enterText(emailLocator, email, false);
}
}

Interface

WebDriver Interface:

public class BrowserTest {


public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://example.com");
System.out.println("Page Title: " + driver.getTitle());

driver.quit();
}
}
Key Points:

●​ WebDriver is an interface implemented by ChromeDriver, FirefoxDriver, etc.​

●​ Demonstrates polymorphism.​

●​ Allows flexibility to switch browsers easily.​

ITestListener Interface: Used for test reporting and event handling in TestNG.

public class CustomListener implements ITestListener {


public void onTestStart(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test started: " + result.getName());
}
// Other overridden methods like onTestSuccess, onTestFailure etc.
}

Abstraction

Where: Abstract away Selenium code inside reusable methods in POM classes or
utility classes.

Benefit: Hides implementation details from test classes and promotes cleaner test
code.

Example:

public abstract class AbstractPage {


protected WebDriver driver;

public AbstractPage(WebDriver driver) {


this.driver = driver;
}

public abstract void navigateToPage();


}

public class HomePage extends AbstractPage {


public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {
super(driver);
}

@Override
public void navigateToPage() {
driver.get("https://example.com/home");
}
}

Usage:

HomePage home = new HomePage(driver);


home.navigateToPage();

This demonstrates abstraction by exposing only the navigateToPage method


while hiding how the navigation is actually done.

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