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The document discusses the Plasmodium genus, which is responsible for malaria and identified using Giemsa stain. It outlines the life stages of Plasmodium and its evolutionary background, including its relationship with dinoflagellates. Additionally, it briefly mentions Streptococcus, its characteristics, and its dual role in causing diseases and being beneficial in food production.

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3 views

bio2

The document discusses the Plasmodium genus, which is responsible for malaria and identified using Giemsa stain. It outlines the life stages of Plasmodium and its evolutionary background, including its relationship with dinoflagellates. Additionally, it briefly mentions Streptococcus, its characteristics, and its dual role in causing diseases and being beneficial in food production.

Uploaded by

Imperium503
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Caused by mosquito vector infected with Plasmodium

 Identified by Giemsa stain

o binds preferentially to AT rich regions

o Human purple, bacteria pink

o Azure blue + methylene blue + eosin (acidic compound that


forms fluorescent complexes with bases) - specimen put in
methanol 30 sec then put in 5% gs solution for 20-30 min

 Genus Plasmodium

o part of phylum Apicomplexa

 all have apicoplast - specialized organelle that helps in


invasion - lipid metabolism

 apicoplast targeting (because like plant, could use


herbicide) - promising way to halt invasions

o gametocyte (in mosquito obtained from bite - sexual


reproduction), sporozoite (mouth of mosquito), hypnozoite
(infection in liver), merozoite (in RBC) schizont (reinvasion of
blood cells), trophozoite (larger version in RBC) life stages

o Species include vivax, falciparum (prevalent in Africa), knowlesi


(prevalent in Asia) /ovale

o maybe originated from dinoflagellates

 apicomplexa could have been prey that invaded intestinal


cells - ones in jellyfish could still photosynthesize, others in
opaque creatures lost ability and became pure parasites

o Discovered in mosquito gut by Ronald Ross who won nobel prize


in 1902

Streptococcus

 Single axis of division in chains - round, gram positive

 Causes diseases like pneumonia, sore throat, but also useful for
making swiss cheese

 alpha-hemolytic causes oxidation of iron

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